Khansa

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Adayang'aniranso ndi dokotala wodziwika bwino

Zachidule za Khansa

Kodi kwenikweni khansara, imayamba bwanji, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ikukula ndi kufalikira? Ndiyeneranso kudziwa chiyani za khansa? Tiyeni tikambirane zofunikira ndikuchotsa zina mwachinsinsi m'mbuyo mwa matendawa. Amodzi mwa amuna awiri ndi mmodzi mwa amayi atatu amayembekezeka kukhala ndi khansa (kuphatikizapo khansa yapakhungu) pa moyo wawo wonse.

Kodi Khansa N'chiyani?

Khansara ndi gulu la matenda oposa 200, omwe amayamba pamene selo limodzi m'thupi limalephera kutsatira malamulo oyenera a kukula kwa maselo.

M'malo mosiya kukula panthawi inayake, ndikufa panthawi yakale kapena kuwonongeka, maselowa amapindula ndi "moyo wosafa" ndipo akupitiriza kukula, ngakhale kuwononga maselo ndi chiwalo chimene chinayamba.

Maselo a kansa amasiyana ndi maselo ochibadwa m'njira zambiri, ndipo kumvetsa zina mwa kusiyana kumeneku kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa zambiri za momwe khansa imachitira.

Kodi Khansa Imayamba Bwanji?

Zimakhala zosavuta kuti selo likhale ndi kansera ya khansa, ndipo pamene mumvetsera zatsopano za vuto la khansara, mumakhala wotsimikiza kumva zomwe zikufunikira kuti kusinthaku kuchitike.

Maselo Athu ndi Udindo Wawo pa Khansara
Kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri Top 5 Cancers zakufa

Kuti selo likhale ndi khansa, kawirikawiri imafunika kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yambiri ya kusintha kwa jini. Kusinthika kumeneku ndi kusintha kwina kwa majeremusi kumachitika mu DNA yomwe ili mkati mwa maselo athu onse.

DNA m'maselo athu imakhala ngati mapangidwe a zamoyo, ndipo imakhala ndi malangizo a mapuloteni omwe amayang'anira njira zonse za selo. DNA iyi ikawonongeka, mwachitsanzo, ndi kansajeni m'deralo kapena mwa kulakwitsa kwa maselo obadwa, maselo owonongeka amatha kulembera mapuloteni oonongeka. Pamene mapuloteni oonongekawa ali ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa selo, khansara ikhoza kuchitika.

Sizimasintha zonse zomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Kusintha kwa mitundu itatu ya majini (nthawi zambiri palimodzi) yotchedwa "kusintha kwasintha" nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti zisokoneze kukula ndi kupatukana kwa maselo okwanira kuti khansa ikule. Mitundu itatu ya majeremusi ndi mapuloteni, mapuloteni oteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi majeremusi okonza DNA.

Proto-oncogenes ali ngati accelerator pa galimoto. Kusinthika kwa majeremusi ameneŵa ndi ofanana ndi kuyika phazi lanu pazowonjezereka ndi kusasiya. Maselo akupitiriza kugawa ngakhale kuti palibe chosowa cha maselo ena. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, majeremusi otha kupweteka kwambiri amagazi ndi ofanana ndi mabakiteriya pagalimoto. Kusintha kwa chimodzi mwa majeremusi amenewa ndi kofanana ndi kuchotsa phazi lanu pamabetsi pamene mukufulumira kutsika. Selo limakula popanda mphamvu. DNA yokonza maselo amachititsa kuti DNA iwonongeke kapena kuchotsa maselo (kudzera mu maselo omwe amapangidwa kuti apoptosis aphedwe.) Mosiyana ndi maselo omwe amatha kukonzedwa kapena kutulutsidwa atakalamba, maselo osadziwika amaloledwa kukula ndikukula.

Kumvetsetsa chibadwa cha khansara kumathandiza kumvetsetsa chibadwa cha khansa. Chitsanzo ndi kusintha kwa BRCA1 ndi BRCA2, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere. BRCA2 ndi chotupa chogonjetsa jini chomwe chiri chowongolera motero-ngati jekeseni imodzi imasinthidwa, palibe chimene chimachitika, koma ngati makope onse a jini iyi asinthidwa, khansara ikhoza kuyamba. Ngati mkazi (kapena munthu) atabadwa ndi kusintha kwa chimodzi mwa majini awa, sizikutanthauza kuti adzakhala ndi khansa ndithu. Zimangotanthauza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi khansa ngati kusintha kwa mtundu wina wa jini, kapena ma jini ena omwe amachititsa kuti selo likula, kumachitika.

Kukhoza kudziwa zina mwa mausinthidwe a chibadwa omwe ali ndi vutoli ndilo maziko a mankhwala ambiri atsopano omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukula kwa zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachipatala kapena mankhwala oyenera.

Kodi Khansa Imakula Bwanji?

Monga momwe pali kusiyana kwa maselo a khansa omwe amachititsa kuti asiye kulamulira, pali kusiyana pakati pa zotupa zowonongeka ndi zopweteka .

Mosiyana ndi zotupa zowonongeka, zotupa zowopsa (khansa) zimatha kugwidwa ndi matenda oyandikana nawo ndi kufalikira kumatenda akutali. Liwu lakuti khansa kwenikweni limachokera ku mawu omwe amatanthawuza nkhanu, ponena za kukula kwa khansara ku zida zozungulira.

Kufalikira kwa khansa kumadera kupatula malo oyambirira a chotupacho; chinachake chomwe chimatchedwa metastasis -chigawo chachikulu cha khansara, ndipo chiri ndi udindo wa pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu akufa kuchokera ku khansa. Maselo achizolowezi ndi "ndodo;" zimakhudzidwa ndi "ma molekyulu" omwe amachititsa maselo pamodzi ngati guluu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maselo a khansa, omwe alibe ma molekyuluwa, akhoza kuthawa chotupa chachikulu ndi kuyenda.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe khansa imafalikira . Maselo a khansa angalowe m'ziwiya zamagazi kapena zamagulu kuti azipita kumadera ena a thupi. Pankhani ya khansa ya m'mapapo, iyenso imafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga.

Kodi Khansa Imafalikira Kuti?

Monga taonera pamwambapa, ndi kufalikira kwa khansara zomwe zimayambitsa imfa zambiri kuchokera ku khansa.

Kodi MicroRNA Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji pa Chithandizo cha Khansa?
Sayansi Yachititsa Khansa Yomwe Timbiri Timadziwa

Nthawi zina khansayo imapezeka pamene yayamba kufalikira ku dera lina la thupi. Khansa imeneyi imatchulidwanso ndi chiwalo chimene amachokera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansara yamapapu imapezeka pokhapokha atapeza mitsempha mu ubongo, sichidzatchedwa kansa ya ubongo. Mmalo mwake, izo zikanatchedwa "khansara ya mapapo a m'mapapo ku ubongo."

Malo otchuka kwambiri a metastasis onse amaphatikizapo mafupa, chiwindi, ndi mapapo. Kansara ya pachifuwa nthawi zambiri imafalikira mafupa, ubongo, chiwindi, ndi mapapo. Malo otchuka kwambiri a khansa ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda a adrenal, mafupa, ubongo, ndi chiwindi. Kansana yam'koni, ma metastasis amapezeka nthawi zambiri mpaka chiwindi, mapapo, ndi peritoneum, ndipo khansara ya prostate imayamba kufalikira kumatenda a adrenal, mafupa, chiwindi, ndi mapapo.

Kansa itatha

Pambuyo pa chifuwa chikufalikira ku dera lina la thupi pali kusiyana pakati pa maselo achibadwa ndi maselo a khansa. Pofuna kukula, chotupa chimafunikira magazi. Njira imeneyi yowonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi yomwe imawathandiza kuti izi zikule bwino ndizofunika kwambiri pa zochizira khansa, ndipo "angiogenesis inhibitors" akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu ingapo ya khansa.

Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Khansa?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuti selo yeniyeni ikhale selo ya khansa, mndandanda wa kusintha kwa jini kuyenera kuchitika. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zingayambitse khansara, komanso zizindikiro za khansa ndizosavuta kumva ngati mukuganiza momwe izi zikuchitikira. Izi ziphatikizapo:

Kuwonongeka koyenera kwa DNA - Zina ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka zingathe kuwononga DNA m'maselo athu. Chitsanzo chingakhale DNA yomwe imayambitsa DNA yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwambiri pamtundu wa selo.
Kutupa Kwambiri - Nthawi iliyonse pamene maselo amabala ndi kugawa, pali mwayi kuti ngozi ichitike. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuti kusintha kwa DNA kudzachitika. Kutupa kosalekeza, monga mu mtengo wopuwala kapena wotupa wokhudzana ndi kusuta, kungayambitse khansara powonjezera mwayi kuti cholakwika mu selo logawikana chidzachitika.

Zoopsa za Khansa

Monga taonera kale, khansayo imachitika pamene kusintha kwasintha kumachitika mu DNA mu mtima wa selo. Sitikudziŵa bwino momwe izi zikuchitikira, koma tikudziŵa zifukwa zingapo zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa maselo kukhala maselo a khansa. Izi zikhoza kusweka zomwe zikuphatikizapo:

Zamoyo - Kusuta ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri cha khansa. Kusuta kumayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ndipo imayambitsa pafupifupi theka la kufa kwa khansa. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumakhudza ambiri khansa. Ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera ngozi ya khansa zingapo. Kuyambira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 60 peresenti ya chiwindi cha khansa ya uterine, posachedwa kunenepa kwambiri kungapitirize kusuta fodya monga chowopsa chothetsa khansa.
Kuwonetsa zachilengedwe - Kuwonetsetsa kwa Radon kumayambitsa khansara komanso kukhala ndi mpweya waukulu m'nyumba mwanu ndilo chifukwa chachiwiri cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuwonetsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi ntchito ndi zinthu zopangitsa khansa (khansa) zimayambitsa khansa pakati pa amuna, komabe makamaka kwa amayi.
Genetics - Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa zimachitika pamene anthu adzalandira kusintha kwa jini lomwe liyenera kuchotsa maselo owonongeka (zotupa zowonongeka). Anthu amadziŵa bwino kuti khansa ya m'mawere ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lachibadwidwe, koma chomwe sichidziwika bwino ndi chakuti izi zingakhale choncho ndi khansa zambiri. Phunzirani za dongosolo lanu la chibadwa ndi momwe zimakhudzira chiopsezo cha khansa yanu .
Mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Mavairasi ndi omwe amachititsa khansa , yomwe imachititsa pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya khansa padziko lonse, ndipo 5 mpaka 10 peresenti ya khansa ku US Kugonana ndi papillomavirus ya munthu (HPV) ndi chikumbutso chakuti kugonana kosasamala kungapangitse zoposa mimba. Vutoli ndilo chifukwa cha khansa zambiri za khansa komanso khansa ya ukazi, mbolo, ndi theka la khansa ya mutu ndi ya pakhosi. Panopa amaganiza kuti matenda a H pylori, mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'milonda yambiri, ndiwo chifukwa cha khansa zambiri m'mimba ku United States. Ndipo matenda aakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B kapena kachilombo ka hepatitis C ndizo zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi.

Mitundu ya Khansa - Yodziwika ndi Yopanda

Pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya khansara, yomwe imatchulidwa kuti ndi minofu kapena chiwalo chimene amayamba. Zina mwa izi ndizofala, mwachitsanzo, mmodzi mwa amuna asanu ndi awiri amayenera kukhazikitsa kansa ya prostate, ndipo ena ndi osowa kwambiri, omwe amapezeka mwa anthu owerengeka chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu Yambiri ya Khansa M'Amuna ndi Akazi

Mutha kusokonezeka mukamva za ziwerengero zokambirana za khansa yamba. Mwachitsanzo, mungamve gwero lina likunena za khansa ya m'mawere ngati yowonongeka kwambiri kwa amayi, ndipo ena amanena za kansa ya m'mapapo monga yowonjezereka. Vuto ndilo kuti ziŵerengerozi zikhoza kukhala zikugwira zinthu ziwiri zosiyana; zochitika za khansara kapena momwe zimakhalira, komanso kufa kwa khansara, ndi anthu angati omwe amafa ndi khansara chaka chilichonse.

Kwa khansa yomwe ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chokhala ndi moyo, chiŵerengerocho chikhoza kukhala chokwanira koma chiwerengero cha anthu akufa chidzakhala chochepa. Mosiyanako, chifukwa khansa yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wotsika kwambiri, monga khansa ya pancreatic, chiŵerengero sichingakhale chokwera koma chikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa khansara.

Ma khansa 10 omwe amapezeka kwambiri (kuphatikizapo khansa ya khungu monga squamous cell carcinoma ndi basal cell carcinoma) chifukwa cha zochitika zawo zonse komanso imfa zawo zili pansipa.

Mitundu 10 yowopsa kwambiri ya khansa kuchitika (chiwerengero cha ziwalo zatsopano mwa amuna ndi akazi pamodzi) ndizo:

Khansara ya m'mimba
Matenda a khansa
Prostate
Kansa ya Colon
Chikhodzodzo
Melanoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Chithokomiro
Impso
khansa ya m'magazi

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa ndizo:

Matenda a khansa
Khansa ya Colon (ndi rectal)
Mimba
Pancreatic
Prostate
Khansa ya m'magazi
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Chikhodzodzo
Impso
Endometrial (uterine)

Mankhwala khumi omwe amapha khansa kwambiri pakati pa amuna amasiyana ndi khansa 10 zowononga kwambiri mwa amayi , ndipo manambalawa amatha kusintha mosiyana ndi zaka za matenda omwe amapezeka.

Kafukufuku Wowonjezereka Wonse Wonse

Khansa Yam'mimba

Akafunsidwa za kufa kwa khansa, kafukufuku anapeza kuti anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti khansa ya m'mawere inali mtsogoleri wakupha ndi khansa ya prostate mwa amuna. Ndipotu, vuto lalikulu la imfa ya khansa mwa amuna ndi akazi ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipo ngakhale kusuta ndi chinthu choopsa cha khansara yamapapo, khansara yamapapo imapezeka ndi osasuta komanso. Khansara ya m'mimba muzisuta fodya tsopano ndiyo nambala 6 yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa. Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akusuta chachepa, pakhala kuchepa kwa khansa yamapapo komanso zaka zaposachedwapa. Izi zinati, khansa ya m'mapapo ikuwoneka ikuwonjezeka mwa osasuta (osuta fodya) makamaka amayi osasuta osakwatiwa.

Khansara ya m'magazi sikuti imangotengera kuti ndi fodya, koma imakhala yowononga. Zokondweretsa, patatha zaka zambiri zopanda chithandizo pa matendawa, njira zothandizira zatsopano zatsimikiziridwa zomwe zakhala zikulepheretsa kupulumuka, ngakhale kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi magawo apamwamba kwambiri a matendawa. Aliyense amene ali ndi kansalu yamapapo ya khansa, yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwambiri, ayenera kukhala ndi ma selosiyumu (kuyesera kwa jini) pa zotupa zawo.

Chifukwa cha tsankho la khansa yamapapo chifukwa cha kusuta, anthu ambiri sadziwa njira zosavuta zomwe angatenge kuti athetse chiopsezo chawo. Kuwonetseredwa kwa Radon m'makomo mwathu ndiwotsatira wachiwiri wa khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo ndi kosavuta kuyesa ndikukhazikitsa ngati ulipo. Aliyense akhoza kukhala pangozi, ndipo njira yokhayo yodziwira ndikuyesa nyumba yanu.

Zachidule za khansa ya khansa

Khansara ya m'mimba

Khansara ya m'mimba ndi mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa khansara mwa amayi ndipo ndiyo yachiwiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti amuna amatenga khansa ya m'mawere .

Pafupifupi amayi mmodzi mwa amayi khumi aliwonse omwe ali ndi khansara ya m'mawere amakhala ndi "khansa ya m'mawere," zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti akazi asanu ndi anayi mwa khumi aliwonse alibe mbiri ya banja. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti anthu ambiri sakudziwa kuti ali pangozi, ndipo n'kofunika kuti muwone dokotalayo mwamsanga mukamawona zosaoneka bwino m'mabere anu. Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere , koma zoona zake n'zakuti aliyense akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere chatsopano m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Azimayi ambiri tsopano akutha kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya m'mawere monga lumpectomy, m'malo mochita zinthu zowopsya zam'mbuyomu. Njira zotchedwa Sentinel node biopsy zikulepheretsanso akazi ambiri kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe amatha kupweteka komanso opweteka-chinachake chotchedwa lymphedema. Kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa chibadwa cha khansa tsopano kumalola anthu ena kudziwa ngati angakhale pachiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhale kuti derali lidali akadakalipo ndipo likutengeka mtima, limapereka chiyembekezo kuti lidzawoneka bwino ndikudziwitsanso mtsogolo.

Mwatsoka, khansa ya m'mawere ikufalikira, ndipo khansara ya m'mawere isanachiritsidwe. Azimayi omwe akudwala kansa ya m'mawere amamva ngati atasiya kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana omwe akukumana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Pa "Pinktober" tifunika kukumbukira kuti tili ndi njira yayitali yothetsera matendawa.

Zachidule za Khansa ya m'mimba

Kansa ya Prostate

Khansara ya prostate ndi khansa yowopsa kwambiri mwa amuna. Monga momwe uhule umathandizira khansa ya m'mawere, anthu akhoza kukhala ndi chibadwa cha khansa ya prostate. Amuna ena ali ndi zizindikiro za kansa ya prostate monga mafupipafupi a mitsempha, modzidzimutsa, ndi mantha, koma amuna ambiri alibe zizindikilo panthawi yomwe amadziwa.

Panakhala kutsutsana kwakukulu pa kuyesa kwa PSA kansa ya prostate. Chimodzi mwa zovuta ndizo kudziwa kuti khansa idzakula ndi kufalikira ndi iti yomwe siidzayambitsa vuto. Zipangizo zatsopano zowonetsera chiopsezo zikuthandiza madokotala kumvetsa bwino lomwe mwa khansa imeneyi yomwe ingathe kufalikira (ndikusowa chithandizo chamankhwala) komanso zomwe zingasiyidwe bwino.

Zotsatira zotheka za mankhwala, makamaka kusowa mphamvu ndi kusadziletsa, zimapangitsa kuti matenda a khansawa ayambe kuwopsa kwambiri. Mwamwayi njira zatsopano zochitira opaleshoni monga opaleshoni ya roboti ndi chitukuko china cha mankhwala akuchepetsa chiopsezo kuti zotsatirazi zidzachitika.

Zachidule za Khansa Yapamwamba ya Khansa ya Prostate

Khansa yolondola

Khansa ya colon ndi rectum ndiyo nthenda yachitatu yowononga khansa mwa amuna ndi akazi. Mwamwayi, kuyang'anira khansa yamakono kwasintha, ndipo chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kuchepa kwaposachedwa kwa kufa kwa khansa kwachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi kupewa ndi kuyesa koyambirira kwa khansa yamtunda.

Mosiyana ndi kuyesa kupima kwa mitundu ina ya khansa, kuyang'ana kolonoscopies kumawathandiza pakuzindikira ndi kupewa poyamba. Maphunzirowa amalola madokotala kupeza khansa m'magulu akale kwambiri ochiritsidwa-omwe amadziwika kuti kuyambira msanga. Koma amathanso kukhala chithandizo. Pamene mapepala a precingcerous amapezeka mu colon akhoza kuchotsedwa asanakhale nawo mwayi kuti akhale khansa.

Maziko a Khansa ya Colon

Khansara yotchedwa Pancreatic

Khansara yapancretic si imodzi mwa khansa yoyambitsa kupezeka, koma ndiyiyi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa pakati pa amuna ndi 5 mwa amayi ambiri. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake ndi kusakhala ndi zizindikiro kumayambiriro oyambirira, khansa ya pancreatic nthawi zambiri imapezeka pa siteji pamene opaleshoni sichithekanso.

Zowopsa za khansa yapakhungu zimaphatikizapo kusuta, mtundu wachiyuda, ndi mbiri ya chiwawa pakati pa ena. Khansara yotchedwa Pancreatic ingayendetsere m'mabanja komanso kuganiza kuti pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya khansa imeneyi ndilo cholowa. Mthendayi ya BRCA2 yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pancreatic. Palibe chida chowonetsera kansalu iyi, koma kuyang'anitsitsa kungawonedwe kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya banja. Posachedwa zapezeka kuti matenda a chithokomiro amachititsa kuti matendawa awonongeke, ndikupangitsa kuti maulendo opita ku dokotala wanu ayambe kuwopsa kwambiri.

Chizoloŵezi chodziwika kwambiri chakumapeto ndi "kupweteka kwa jaundice" -kusanduka khungu kwa khungu ndi oyera a maso popanda zizindikiro zina. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri izi ndi chizindikiro chakumapeto. Tengani kamphindi kuti mudzidziwe ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic

Ngakhale mbiriyakale pakhala pali mankhwala ochepa opezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapamwamba ya mphukira, yomwe ikuyamba kusintha, ndipo mankhwala atsopano ndi abwino ali pafupi.

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Pancreatic

Khansa ya m'magazi

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa yowonongeka kwambiri kwa ana koma imachitika mochepa pakati pa akuluakulu. Malingaliro akuti, khansa ya m'magazi imapereka kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa khansa kwathunthu kwa ana kusiyana ndi akulu, koma chiwerengero cha anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi mwapamwamba kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amayamba m'maselo oyera a magazi omwe amapanga mizere iwiri yosiyana ndi mafupa. Ma leukemias amene amapezeka mumaselo a lymphoid amatchedwa laymphocytic (kapena lymphoblastic) leukemias, ndi omwe ali mu myeloid cell line , myelocytic kapena myelogenous leukemias. Maselo oyera amagazi amagazi amagwira ntchito molakwika pomenyana ndi mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, ndipo pamene amamanga m'mafupa, amatha kusokoneza kupanga maselo ena enieni.

Mankhwala a leukemias amathyoka kukhala ma leukemias ndi ma leukemia omwe amatha kukhala okhwima, ndipo amakhala ndi khansa ya maselo ambiri. Mafuta a leukemias amakhala oopsa komanso ofulumira, pamene matenda aakulu a leukemias amakula pang'onopang'ono kwa miyezi ndi zaka. Pomalizira pake, ma leukemias ambiri amatha kusintha kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha ma leukemas ena chapangitsa patsogolo kwambiri pazaka zapitazi. Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa (ALL) yakhala ikupha nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri, ambiri mwa ana omwe ali ndi khansara tsopano amapindula nthawi yaitali ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mofananamo, Kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala omwe amamenyedwa ndi Gayvec (imatinib) kwabweretsa kusintha kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mitsempha yambiri ya m'magazi (CML). Gleevec imalimbikitsa zachibadwa zamtunduwu m'maselo a khansa omwe amachititsa kuti kukula kwawo kukule.

Mfundo Zenizeni za Khansa ya m'magazi

Lymphoma

Mankhwala am'mimba amathyoledwa m'magulu awiri: Hodgkin's lymphoma komanso non-Hodgkin's lymphoma . Mankhwalawa amayamba ndi mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi lotchedwa lymphocytes. Mafupa a Hodgkin ndi khansa ya ma lymphocyte B, pomwe si a Hodgkin's lymphoma ndi magulu oposa 60 omwe angaphatikizepo B kapena T lymphocytes.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zoopsya za lymphoma. Mafupa ena amathana ndi mankhwala m'thupi, pamene ena amawonekera poyerekeza ndi matenda opatsirana. Ena mwa iwo ali ndi gawo lachilendo.

Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kutambasula mopanda kupweteka m'magulu amtundu wina uliwonse m'thupi kuchokera pa khosi mpaka kumphepete. Kutuluka kwa usiku ndi chizindikiro choyambirira cha ma lymphomas ndipo chimakhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mliri wa lymphoma .

Chithandizo cha ma lymphomas , popeza pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa khansawa amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi ma antibodies monoclonal, ndipo mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatsatiridwa ndi tsinde lamasamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa maimymphomas apamwamba. Zina mwa khansa imeneyi ndi kukula mofulumira, ndipo nthawi yodikira yomwe khansayo imangoyang'aniridwa ikhoza kuyankhidwa.

Zofunikira za Lymphoma

Melanoma

Mankhwalawa ndi ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya khungu monga squamous cell carcinoma ndi basal cell carcinoma koma imayambitsa matenda ambiri a khansa ya khungu. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu ali ndi mbiri ya banja lawo komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto labwino kapena ma moles ambiri amaoneka kuti ali pangozi yaikulu. Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchipatala kumayambiriro koyambirira, koma kuti athe kuchiritsidwa, ayenera kuyamba kuzindikiridwa.

Ndikofunika kuwona dokotala ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la khungu limene likukhudzana ndi inu-ziribe kanthu momwe zikuwonekera. Aliyense ayenera kuloweza pamtima ABCD mnemonic kuti zizindikiro za melanoma. Izi zimaphatikizapo A kuti azisungunuka, B chifukwa cha malire osayenerera kapena osachepera, C chifukwa cha mtundu (ma melanoma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi) ndipo D kupindira (ma melanoma nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu kuposa kukula kwa pensi.)

Mankhwalawa ndi majekeseni a khansa ya khansa imatengedwa ndi siteji yomwe amapezeka. Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa minofu kumadera oyandikana nawo. Ngakhale kuti matenda a khansa yapamtunda yapamwamba yayamba kukhala yovuta kwambiri, kafukufuku waposachedwapa ndi mankhwala atsopano amachititsa kuti anthu ena apite patsogolo.

Chiyambi cha Melanoma

Khansa Yachikhodzodzo

Khansara ya chikhodzodzo imakhala yowonjezeka kwambiri mwa amuna omwe amai, komanso ofala kwambiri mwa azungu kusiyana ndi anthu a mafuko ena. Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kusuta ndi kusuta mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito (makamaka mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza.) Kumadera ena a dziko lapansi, matenda a parasitic ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azidwala. Kawirikawiri, palibe zifukwa zomveka zoopsa.

Zizindikiro za khansazi zimakhalanso zizindikiro za zinthu zina zambiri ndipo zimatha kuphatikizapo magazi mumtsinje, zomwe zimayenera kukodza mobwerezabwereza kuposa momwe zimakhalire, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukodza. Kupulumuka kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi siteji ya khansa yomwe ikupezeka, ndipo aliyense amene ali ndi magazi osadziwika mu mkodzo kapena zizindikiro zina zamakodzo ayenera kufunsa dokotala wawo.

Khansa Yachikhodzodzo - Zifukwa, Zizindikiro, ndi Chithandizo

Kansa ya Chithokomiro

Matenda a chithokomiro amavuta kwambiri, koma zikondwerero zambiri za zotupazi zimakhala ndi miyoyo yapamwamba kwambiri. Zambiri mwa zotupazi ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, mapuloteni a chithokomiro, kapena khansa ya chithokomiro. Mtundu wodabwitsa wa khansara ya chithokomiro yotchedwa khansa ya kansa yapamwamba ndiyo yoopsa kwambiri ya khansayi, komanso yovuta kwambiri kuchiza.

Khansara ya chithokomiro ndi khansa yowonjezereka kwambiri ku United States, ngakhale sizikudziwika ngati izi ndizowonjezeka kwenikweni kapena zimangowoneka kawirikawiri kudzera mu mayesero abwino a kujambula. Zimakhala zofala kwambiri kwa amayi kusiyana ndi amuna ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudza amayi achichepere ndi atsikana apakati. Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo mbiri ya matenda a chithokomiro, kuwala kwa khosi, ndi kusowa kwa ayodini pakati pa ena.

Zachidule za Khansa ya Chithokomiro

Endometrial (Uterine) Khansa

Khansara ya endometrial ndi khansara ya chiberekero cha chiberekero, ndipo kawirikawiri imawululidwa pamene mkazi yemwe ali ndi matenda am'thupi amayamba kuuluka kachiwiri, kapena pamene mayi wa premenopa ali ndi nthawi yosawerengeka. Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kusakhala ndi ana, kunenepa kwambiri, atalandira mankhwala a khansa ya m'mawere Tamoxifen, ndi mitundu ina ya ma ARV. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, mosiyana, kumawoneka kuti amachepetsa chiopsezo.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi makamaka ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni ndipo ndibwino kwambiri kuti khansa yapangidwe imapezeka. Azimayi omwe ali ndi magazi osadziwika-ngakhale kuti izi ndizofala-ayenera kuchipatala.

Kodi khansa ya Endometrial ndi yotani?

Khansa ya Impso

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya impso, yomwe imakhala ndi nthenda yotchedwa renal cell carcinoma. Zinthu zoopsa zingaphatikizepo kusuta fodya, matenda enaake a majeremusi, ndi mankhwala ena. Pamene zizindikiro zimachitika, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo magazi m'mkodzo kapena ululu wammbuyo ndi flank.

Kuchita opaleshoni ndi chithandizo chamankhwala a khansa ya impso, ngakhale ambiri mwa khansawa amapezeka pamayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Mwamwayi, mankhwala ambiri omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito amavomerezedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha khansa ya impso, komanso mankhwala ena monga immunotherapy amalonjeza.

Khansa ya Impso - Zizindikiro, Kuzindikira, ndi Chithandizo

Zochepa Zosakaniza Khansa

Mankhwala omwe sali ochepa omwe amachititsa anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse ku United States akuphatikizapo:

Khansara ya ovarian - Khansara ya ovarian ndi imodzi mwa khansa yochiritsidwa ikagwidwa mofulumira, koma mwatsoka imapezeka nthawi yayitali ya matendawa. Amatchedwa "wakupha wakupha" ngati zizindikiro monga kupweteka ndi ululu wosawoneka m'mimba sikukhoza kuwoneka mpaka chotupacho chikukula kwambiri ndipo chikufalikira.
Khansara ya Testicular - Khansara ya Testicular ndi chitsanzo cha khansa imene mankhwala amachititsa patsogolo kwambiri. M'mbuyomu mimba imeneyi imakhala yowonongeka, ambiri mwa zotupazi tsopano angathe kuchiritsidwa, ngakhale zomwe zakhala zikuyendera m'madera ena a thupi. Monga momwe amayi amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziyesera zoyenera, amuna amalimbikitsidwa kuti azidzipenda testicular s kwa zipsera.
Matenda a ubongo - Mosiyana ndi ena khansa, khansa ya ubongo nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa kumadera ena a thupi. Chifukwa cha malo awo, omwe ali mkati mwa ubongo, zotupazi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zina mu ubongo. Ena mwa khansa imeneyi ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi mazira komanso zowonongeka kwa zachilengedwe zimaphatikizidwanso ngati chifukwa chotheka. Kugwiritsira ntchito foni yamakono kwagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mphutsi, zomwe zimafala kwambiri m'mimba.

Myeloma - Myeloma, wotchedwa myeloma ambiri, ndi khansa ya maselo a m'magazi. Maselo a plasma ali ndi ma lymphocytes B, mtundu wa maselo oyera a magazi omwe amachititsa antibodies. Monga momwe maselo amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadziwira maselo, maselo a khansa a khansa amatha kupanga mabakiteriya, ndipo kusungunuka kwa ma antibodies omwewo amatha kusonkhanitsa mu impso kuwonongeke. Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri pamene magawo a antibodieswa amapezeka mumtsuko wa mkodzo. Maselo a Myeloma nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magazi ndi m'mitsempha ndipo sangapange chotupa chenicheni. Amathandizidwa mofanana ndi khansa ina yokhudzana ndi magazi monga lymphoma ndi chemotherapy, mankhwala othandizira, komanso kupatsirana kwa maselo.

Kawirikawiri ndi Khansa Zachilendo

Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa yosazolowereka komanso yosawerengeka, komabe mukamawonjezera izi pamodzi ndizochepa. Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa ngati muli ndi khansa iyi, makamaka ngati mumamva za zochitika zazikulu zolimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa zina monga khansa ya m'mawere. Mwamwayi, kafukufuku amene akuchitidwa pofunafuna machiritso a khansa yowonjezereka nthawi zambiri amachititsa mankhwala atsopano kwa khansa yochepa kwambiri. Zitsanzo za khansa zina zosazolowereka komanso zosawerengeka zimaphatikizapo:

Zizindikiro za khansa

Kwa khansa zambiri, tilibe mayeso oyeza omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti tiwapeze m'mayesero oyambirira; magawo omwe amachiritsidwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zizindikiro zowopsa za khansa, komanso kuyankhula ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi zina mwa izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri posamalira thanzi lanu

Zizindikiro zofala za khansa ndizo:

Chifuwa chosatha
Matenda omwe samachiza kapena mole omwe akusintha
Kupuma pang'ono
Ululu wochokera ku ululu wa mutu, kupita ku ululu wammbuyo, kumimba kwa mimba ndi ululu wa m'mimba, kupweteka pamapeto ako
Kutopa
Kutayika kosayembekezereka
Kusokonezeka
Kutuluka kwa usiku
Zovuta kumeza
Kuthamangitsani
Ziphuphu ndi kuphulika paliponse pamtembo, makamaka mimba kapena mitsempha ya testicular
Zilonda zamakono zowonjezera paliponse m'thupi lanu kuphatikizapo mimba yanu ndi kubuula kwanu
Kutupa kwa m'mimba ndi kuphulika
Magazi mumkodzo
Magazi mu mpando wanu

Zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zimachitika ndi khansa zambiri koma ziri zochepa. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo jaundice, kutuluka kwa chikasu kwa khungu, komanso ngakhale kusokonezeka kwatsopano. Mfundo yofunika ndikulankhula ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zonse zomwe sizinafotokozedwe. Ndipo ngati zizindikirozi sizinafotokozedwe mutatha kuchiwona dokotala wanu, nkofunika kubwereranso ku ulendo wina kapena kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri. Ambiri opulumutsidwa ndi khansa amakhala ndi moyo chifukwa chokhala ovomerezeka okha komanso osakonzekera kuti apeze "osadziwika."

Kuchiza Khansa

Mankhwala abwino a khansayo amadalira mtundu ndi siteji ya khansa ndi zina zambiri. Tikuphunziranso kuti khansara iliyonse ndi yosiyana pa maselo. Anthu awiri omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo ndi gawo la khansara akhoza kukhala ndi khansa yosiyana kwambiri yomwe imayankha mankhwala osiyana siyana. Izi zinati, mankhwala opatsirana khansa akhoza kupatulidwa m'magulu awiri.

Zamankhwala am'deralo - Zochiritsira zakumunda zikuphatikizapo opaleshoni ndi ma radiation. Izi zimapangitsa khansara kumene idayamba koma sitingathe kufika ku maselo a khansa omwe amatha kuchoka ku khansa yapachiyambi kudzera m'magazi kapena minofu. Pamene khansa imagwidwa msanga, mankhwala am'deralo amatha kuchiza khansa.
Mankhwala othandiza - Mankhwala othandizira amachititsa mankhwala othandizira mankhwala, mankhwala othandizira, mankhwala opatsirana amadzimadzi, ndi matenda a immunotherapy, ndipo amachiza maselo a khansa kulikonse komwe amapezeka m'thupi. Mankhwala othandiza nthawi zambiri amafunika ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira (kapena ngati yafalitsidwa) ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi.

Njira zothandizira khansa zingakhale monga:

Opaleshoni - Kwa zotupa zolimba, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imapereka mpata wabwino wodwala khansara.
Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a cytotoxic kuti aphe khansa. Popeza mankhwalawa amapha maselo alionse omwe akukula, osati maselo a khansa, nthawi zambiri amachiritsa zotsatira za tsitsi ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba.
Mankhwala othandiza mafilimu - Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuti aphe maselo a kansa. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyana ndi cholinga chochiza khansa zing'onozing'ono, kuchepetsa kupweteka kochepa kwa khansa zomwe zafalikira mafupa.
Njira zochiritsidwa - Njira zochiritsira zothandizidwa ndi maselo a khansa kapena ndondomeko zofunika ku maselo a khansa makamaka, ndipo zingakhale ndi zotsatira zochepa kuposa mankhwala ochiritsira.
Immunotherapy - Immunotherapy ndi njira yatsopano yopatsira khansa, podziwa kuti ma chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi zambiri amadziwa momwe angamenyane ndi khansa. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa thupi lathu kuteteza thupi lathu kumagulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za momwe timatetezera mthupi lathu kuti tichite khansa.
Mankhwala opatsirana am'thupi - Amatchedwanso kuti mankhwala a endocrine, mankhwala opatsirana amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere ndi kansa ya prostate. Ndi zina mwa khansazi, mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mwachibadwa m'thupi akhoza kumangirira ndi kukweza kukula kwa maselo a kansa. Izi zimatetezedwa ndi kuchepetsa kupanga mahomoni m'thupi kapena kuteteza mphamvu ya mahomoni omwe amamangirira ndi kuyambitsa maselo a khansa.
Kulowetsa maselo a tsinde - Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo amtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira mankhwala apamwamba a mankhwala kapena ma radiation m'malo mwa maselo a m'magazi m'mafupa.

Kodi Mbiri ya Banja Imakhudza Bwanji Ngozi ya Khansa?

Ndikulankhula za "majeremusi a khansa ya m'mawere" ndipo makampani tsopano akupereka mayeso okhudza matenda a khansa, mwina mukuganiza momwe mbiri yanu ya banja ikufunira kuti muwone zotsatira za khansa yanu.

Tangoyamba kumvetsa za chibadwa cha khansara ndikudziwanso zochepa za momwe majini athu amakhudzira zoopsa zathu, koma tazindikira kuti chibadwa chingakhudze chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa ya khansa imakhala ndi mbiri ya matendawa.

Pali zochepa zofunika kutenga mfundo zomwe mungaganizire. Yoyamba ndi yakuti ndikofunikira kuti mupeze mbiri yosamalira banja. Lembani anthu omwe ali ndi khansa m'banja mwanu akudziwa, msinkhu wawo, ndi zina zilizonse zofunika. Onetsetsani kuti muphatikize khansa yonse, ngakhale ngati ndi khansa yomwe simukuyidziwa kuti ndi "cholowa." Nthawi zina ndizophatikizapo khansa mitundu yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa khansa yokha.

Pamutu womwewo, musataye mtima ngati mukuwoneka kuti muli pachiopsezo chifukwa cha mbiri ya banja lanu. Zimanenedwa kuti chidziwitso ndi mphamvu, ndipo ichi ndi chitsanzo cha pamene mawuwo angakhale owona. Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja (chiopsezo cha chibadwa) kwa khansara, mungafune kuganizira izi motere: Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja lanu kukuchenjezani kuti mukuyang'ana matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere mukhoza kukhala ndi mayeso oyenera, muzikhala ndi mamemogram, ndipo muwone dokotala mwamsanga ngati mutapeza mtanda. Komabe anthu 90 mwa anthu 100 alionse omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere alibe mbiri ya banja. Anthu omwe alibe mbiri ya banja sangakhale ochepa kudziyesa okha, kuwonetsa nthawi zonse, kapena kupikisana ndi dokotala wawo ndi kupeza kosavuta.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti sitingathe kusintha ma jini athu, koma kukhala ndi lingaliro la zojambula pa ma jini amenewo kungakuthandizeni kupeza khansara m'magulu akale kwambiri ochiritsidwa. Kuti tifufuze mozama zomwe tikuphunzira zokhudza chibadwa ndi khansa, onani nkhani yotsatirayi:

Ngozi ya Khansa: Dziwani Zomwe Mumayambitsa

Khansa Yopulumuka

M'mbuyomu, zinadabwitsa munthu wina atapulumuka khansara, koma tsopano, anthu opitirira theka la anthu amakhala ndi moyo wanthaŵi yaitali atakhala ndi matendawa. Pali anthu pafupifupi 15 miliyoni odwala khansa ku United States okha, ndipo nambala imeneyi ikukula.

Ngakhale takhala tikuyenda bwino kuti tithe kupulumuka, tikuyamba kuyamikira zomwe zakhala zikupangidwira "kufala kwa khansa." Mankhwala a khansa akhoza kuvulaza, ndipo anthu ambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi chithandizo nthawi yaitali chithandizocho chitatha.

Takhala tikudziwa nthawi yaitali kuti kukonzanso zinthu kungathandize anthu omwe ali ndi matenda okhwimitsa bondo kapena mawondo, komanso njira yothetsera matenda a khansa (monga kukonzanso mapulaneti kwa odwala khansa ya m'mapapo ) akuyamba kukumana ndi zosowa zosayenera odwala khansa komanso. Mpaka izi zikufalikira, anthu amene apulumuka khansayo angafunikire kuyankhula zofunikira izi kwa oncologists m'malo mozungulira. Maphunziro oyambirira amasonyeza kuti kukonzanso-kaya ndiko kubwezeretsa thupi lomwe likuwonongeka chifukwa cha khansara, kulimbana ndi vuto loopsya lomwe limakhalapo kwa opulumuka, kapena kuchepetsa kulemala ku lymphedema, kukonzanso kungasinthe kusiyana kwa moyo wa anthu omwe apulumuka khansara.

Monga chitsimikizo chomaliza cha kupulumuka, anthu ambiri omwe apulumuka khansa yaitali kuti athandize ena kuthana ndi matendawa. Kaya mwatengedwa kumene ndipo mukuyembekezera chithandizo, kapena mutha kuchiza chithandizo ndipo mwalowa chipulumutso, pali mabungwe ambiri omwe mungalandire kapena kupereka chithandizo kwa ena. Ndipo malingana ngati tikukamba za kulengeza, onetsetsani kuti mumaphunzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa . kukumbukira kuti utoto wofiirira ndi mtundu womwe umayimira khansa yonse-komanso onse opulumuka-akukhala palimodzi.

Kwa Amzanga ndi Okondedwa Anu

Ngati mukuphunzira za khansara chifukwa wokondedwa adapezeka, ndikukuthokozani. Mawu akuti, "Zimatengera mudzi" zinalibe zolondola kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa. Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri momwe mumathandizira munthu amene ali ndi khansa ndi lingaliro la kusowa thandizo. Kodi mungachite chiyani kuti ulendo wa wokondedwa wanu ukhale wosavuta?

Ndi zinthu zambiri m'moyo timadziganizira tokha, ndikuyesera kulingalira zomwe zosowa zathu zidzakhala. Kodi zimakhala bwanji ndi khansara ? Chimene taphunzira ndi chakuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwanu. Kupezeka kwanu kuposa china chirichonse kungatonthoze pamene moyo wonse suwoneka kuti ukutsatira malamulo.

Onani zothandizira zothandizira wokondedwa wanu ndi khansara , koma kachiwiri, kukhalapo kwanu, ndi kutenga nthawi yomvetsera kungakhale mphatso yanu yaikulu kwambiri. Ndipo musaiwale kuti pamene mukusamalira wokondedwa wanu, muyenera kudziyang'anira nokha. Tikudziwa kuti izi ndi zosavuta kuzichita, koma zimatha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu pamene nthawi ikupitirira. Khansara ndi mpikisano wothamanga, osati sprint.

Mawu Ochokera

Khansara ndi matenda owopsya komanso malingaliro amatha kuthamanga kwambiri ngati mumva mawu awa mumaganizo omwewo monga dzina lanu kapena la wokondedwa wanu. Kodi ndondomeko yoyamba yomwe muyenera kutenga, ndi chiyani chomwe mukufuna kudziwa?

Powerenga nkhaniyi mutenga njira yoyamba kuti mudzipatse mphamvu, kaya mwapezeka kale, mwakhala mukudwala matendawa kwa kanthawi, kapena mukungofuna kudziphunzitsa nokha za matendawa. Mmodzi mwa amuna awiri ndi mmodzi mwa amayi awiri akuyembekeza kuti azikhala ndi khansa panthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, ndipo nambalayi siimaphatikizapo khansa ya pakhungu. Zingawoneke kuti tili pakati pa mliri wa khansara, koma ichi si chifukwa chodandaula. Kuchiza-ndi chiwerengero cha moyo-khansa ikukula mosalekeza, Pa nthawi yomweyi tikuphunzira zambiri za zomwe zimayambitsa, komanso zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe khansa.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansara, yesetsani kukonda okondedwa anu. Musayese kupita nokha. Phunzirani kulola ena kukuthandizani. Funsani mafunso ambiri ndipo khalani ovomerezeka anu pa chithandizo cha khansa .

Tili ndi njira yopita kuchipatala chokwanira kwa khansa, koma kufufuza ndi kupita patsogolo zikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Mazanamazana a mankhwala akuwerengedwa panopa m'mayesero a zachipatala. Ndipo mpaka tikhala ndi chithandizo cha khansa, kumbukirani kuti pakati pa zovuta zonse, khansa imasintha anthu m'njira zabwino . Kaya ndi kuyamikira kwatsopano moyo, chifundo chachikulu kwa ena, kapena kumvetsa chisoni kwambiri, pali zida zina za siliva kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kuthana ndi matendawa.

_Zotsatira:

_{National Cancer Institute.} _{Kodi Khansa ndi Chiyani?} _{Kusinthidwa 02/09/15.} _{http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/kumvetsa/wot-is-cancer}

_{National Institute of Health.} _{SEER Training Module.} _{Zotsatira za khansa.} _{2016. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html}

_{Bungwe la World Health Organization.} _{Dongosolo lachilengedwe la Matenda a Oncology, Edition 3 (ICD-0-3).} _{Kusinthidwa 10/05/15.} _{http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/adaptations/oncology/en/}