Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza mafupa ndi magazi. Marrow ndi minofu yomwe imapezeka m'mapakati a mafupa anu kumene "hematopoiesis" kapena maselo a magazi amayamba.
Mitundu Ina
Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya khansa ya m'magazi:
- Mitsempha yambiri ya myelogenous (kapena myeloid) ya m'magazi (AML)
- Pachimake Lymphocytic (kapena imfineblastic) Leukemia (ALL)
- Matenda a Myelogenous (kapena myeloid) a Leukemia (CML)
- Matenda a Lymphocytic (kapena a lymphoblastic) a Leukemia (CLL)
Ngakhale kuti mitunduyiyi ya khansa ya m'magazi imakhala ndi mauthenga osiyanasiyana komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana, onse amayamba mu selo m'mafupa.
Lymphocytic vs. Myelogenous
Khansa ya m'magazi imatchedwa "lymphocytic" kapena "lymphoblastic" ngati kusintha kwa khansa kumayambira mtundu wa marrow omwe amapanga lymphocytes, yomwe ndi mtundu wa selo loyera. Khansa ya m'magazi imatchedwa "myelogenous" kapena "myeloid" ngati kusintha kwa khansa kumayambira mu mtundu wa mafupa a mafupa omwe, athanzi, amapitiriza kupanga maselo ofiira, mapiritsi, ndi mitundu ina ya maselo oyera.
Kachilombo koopsa
Mankhwala a leukemias amayamba chifukwa cha maselo aang'ono omwe amatha kuphulika, myeloblasts kapena mymphoblasts. Maselo amphamvu a khansa ya m'magazi ndi opanda ntchito ndipo samagwira ntchito ngati maselo abwino. Amagwiritsa ntchito maselo omwe amakhala nawo pamtambo, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa maselo atsopano omwe amapangidwa mumtambo. Popanda kuchiza, matenda oopsa a khansa ya m'magazi adzapita mofulumira.
Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi
Matenda a leukemias ali ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono kapena opanda mphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi ma leukemi. Selo loperewera kwambiri la myelogenous leukemia (CML) limapangitsa maselo a m'magazi kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, koma chiwerengerocho chimakhala chokwanira kwambiri moti zimayambitsa kupanga maselo ena monga maselo ofiira a magazi.
Mu chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ma lymphocytes ambiri omwe sagwira ntchito amapangidwa. Maselo osadziwikawa amalowetsamo ntchito ndi ma lymphocytes omwe amapezeka mumtambo ndi minofu ndi kufooketsa chitetezo cha thupi. Pakapita nthawi, CML ndi CLL zimatha kusintha kukhala maukali amphamvu kwambiri a leukemias.
Zowopsa
Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya khansa, chifukwa chenicheni cha khansa ya m'magazi sichidziwika. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zifukwa zoopsa sangayambe kukhala ndi matenda, ndipo ena odwala matenda a khansa sakudziwa. Kwa AML, zina mwazidzidzidzi zakhala zikudziwika ndipo zikuphatikizapo:
- Down Syndrome ndi matenda ena a chibadwa
- Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu ndi chemotherapy
- Kutengeka kwa mankhwala omwe amatchedwa "benzenes" m'malo oopsa
- Kusuta
- Kuwonetsedwa kwa ma radiation, kuphatikizapo ma radiation kuti athetse mitundu ina ya khansa
Kafukufuku wozindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi khansa zina zimapitirirabe.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi khansa yoopsa ya m'magazi amachokera ku nambala zochepa za maselo ofiira (kapena maselo othandiza okosijeni), mapuloletsiti (omwe amathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a magazi), ndi maselo oyera a magazi (omwe amathandiza kuteteza matenda) marrow odwala amatha kubereka.
Zizindikilo za khansa ya m'magazi imakhalapo:
- Kumva kutopa, mphamvu yochepa
- Kuvuta kupuma pamene mukuchita zinthu zowonongeka
- Khungu loyera kapena wotumbululuka
- Misozi kapena kutuluka usiku
- Kudula ndi kuvulaza komwe kumatenga nthawi yaitali kuchiritsa
- Kuchulukitsa magazi kuchokera ku mabala aang'ono
- Mawanga ofiira pansi pa khungu (lotchedwa "petechiae")
- Mafupa kapena ziwalo za Achy
- Matenda obwerezabwereza kapena matenda omwe simukuwoneka kuti "amamenya"
Ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa ya m'magazi sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro ndizizindikiro ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi matendawa pambuyo pa ntchito yazizidziwitso. Nthawi zina, ngati matendawa akupita patsogolo, akhoza kukumana ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi odwala khansa ya m'magazi.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi zingakhale zosavuta ndipo zingasokonezedwe ndi matenda ena ambiri. Ngati mukudandaula za zizindikiro zomwe mukukumana nazo, nthawi zonse ndibwino kupeza uphungu kuchokera kwa wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
Chidule
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa ya m'mafupa ndipo imayambitsa kupanga maselo osadziwika. Pambuyo pake, maselo a "khansa ya m'magazi" omwe sakhala achilendo amatha kutenga maselo ambiri a magazi monga maselo ofiira ndi mapiritsi.
Ma leukemias amadziwika ndi maselo omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku (myelogenous or lymphocytic), komanso momwe matenda a khansa imayambira mofulumira. Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi ofanana, amasiyana ndi zizindikiro zawo, momwe amachitira komanso momwe amachitira.
Zotsatira:
Caldwell, B. (2007). Zovuta za leukemias. Ku Ciesla, B. (Mkonzi.) Hematology mu Practice (pp. 159-185). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Company.
Finnegan, K. (2007). Matenda a myeloproliferative. Ku Ciesla, B. (Mkonzi) Hematology mu Kuchita (pp.187-203). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Company.
Munker, R. (2007). Zovuta Myelogenous Leukemias. Munker, R., Hillier, E, Glass, J. et al (eds.) Masiku ano: Hematology: Biology ndi Clinical Management- Mpukutu wachiwiri. (pp. 155-173). Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press Inc.
Munker, R., Ndi Sakhalkar, V. (2007). Mafupa Ambiri Amapiritsibasi A Leukemias. Munker, R., Hillier, E, Glass, J. et al (eds.) Masiku ano: Hematology: Biology ndi Clinical Management- Mpukutu wachiwiri. (pp. 173- 195). Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press Inc.