Zowopsa za khansa ya kusuta fodya ndi zina zaumoyo

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Yofotokozedwa ndi Grant Hughes, MD

Hookah, kapena madzi otsekemera kusuta, ndi kachitidwe ka ku India komwe kalelo kamakhala kosavuta ku United States.

Ngakhale kuti okalamba 1 pa 6 alionse akusukulu akuyesa hooka, makumi asanu ndi anayi a ophunzira a ku koleji awona njira yatsopanoyi; Chizolowezi chomwe chayang'ana ma hookah lounges pop up pafupi ndi makoleji ndi mayunivesiti m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Kuphatikiza kwa kafukufuku wa kusuta fodya ndi mfundo yakuti hookah yadziwika kuti nthenda ya fodya yapadziko lonse ikupempha funso: "Kodi hooka imatha kusuta khansa?"

Kodi Hookah N'chiyani?

Hooka ndi kusakaniza fodya, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatulutsa zipatso, yomwe imayendetsedwa kudzera mu chitoliro cha madzi. Chikho chophatikizapo hooka chili ndi mutu pamwamba ndi mbale ya pansi pansi, yogwirizana ndi thupi lachitsulo. Makala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa fodya, yomwe imadutsamo madzi musanalowe m'kamwa kuti itsekedwe.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za hookah kapena waterpipe fodya kuphatikizapo:

Shisha
Goza
Ndikumva
Kuvulala kwa Hubble / kutayika

Chifukwa Chiyani Hooka Kusuta Kumakhudza?

Monga hookah yatchuka kwambiri ku United States (kuphatikizapo UK, France, ndi Middle East,) kumvetsetsa za ngozi zomwe zingatheke zatha. Pakati pa achinyamata, kafukufuku apeza kuti pafupifupi 60 peresenti saganiza kuti kusuta fodya kumawopsa chifukwa cha kusuta fodya, ndipo ena saganiza kuti "kusuta." Ndiye kodi kufufuza kumatiuza chiyani?

Zoizoni ndi ma Carcinogens

Malinga ndi CDC, hooka imasuta kwambiri ngati poizoni ngati utsi wa ndudu.

Madzi omwe ali mu chitoliro samachotsa poizoni mu fodya. Monga momwe zilili ndi mankhwala ambiri oopsa a khansa ndi utsi wa fodya, pali zinthu zambiri zoopsa mu utsi wa hooka.

Kafukufuku wokayang'ana kafukufuku wopangidwa pakati pa 1991 ndi 2014 adapeza kuti hooka imasuta ali ndi mayina 27 omwe amadziwika kapena akudziwika kuti ali ndi khansa.

Zina mwa izi ndi monga arsenic, cobalt, chromium, ndi kutsogolera.

Chimene sichidziwika bwino kwambiri ndi chakuti kuika kwa poizoni mu hookah kusuta ndi utsi wa ndudu kungakhale kosiyana; ma carcinogens amapezeka m'mwamba kwambiri ndipo ena amayamba kuchepa kwambiri. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo carbon monoxide (yomwe ilipo pamapiri apamwamba mu utsi wa hooka kuposa utsi wa ndudu ndipo ingayambitse matenda a mtima) ndi benzene ndi mkulu wa maselo olemera a polycyclic onunkhira a hydrocarboni (PAHs) omwe mazinga omwe ali pamwamba pa utsi wa hooka kuposa utsi wa ndudu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ndudu zamtundu wa nitrosamine komanso zochepa za maselo a PAH zingakhale zapamwamba kuposa utsi wa fodya.

Zifukwa Za Hookah Zingakhale Zoopsa Kwambiri Kuposa Nkhamba

Chifukwa chimodzi chimene hookah imasuta chingakhale chakupha kwambiri kuposa utsi wa ndudu ndi chabe utsi womwe umatulutsidwa. Mu "gawo" lachidziwitso cha madzi osuta fodya (pafupifupi ola limodzi), zikhomo 200 zimakanizidwa, motsutsana ndi zikhodzodzo 20 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuta ndudu imodzi. Izi zikutanthawuza mu gawo la hookah yomwe imayambitsa 90,000 ml utsi, poyerekeza ndi 500 mpaka 600 ml ya utsi wotsekemera ndi ndudu.

Hooka imakhalanso ndi magwero a poizoni omwe sapezeka mu kusuta fodya.

Makala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kutentha fodya mu chitoliro cha hookah amatulutsa monixide ya carbon ndi mankhwala ena, ndipo kwenikweni, mpweya wa carbon monoxide kwa anthu omwe amawotcha utsi wa hooka ndi wamtengo wapatali kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi utsi wa ndudu.

Anthu amakonda kupanga hooka kuti ayambe kutentha kwambiri m'mapapo kusiyana ndi utsi wa ndudu. Panthawiyi, sitikudziwa kuti zotsatirazi ndi zofunika, koma zingathandize kuyang'ana kusintha kwa kansa ya m'mapapo mutatha kuwonjezereka kwa fodya ku ndudu. Asanayambe fodya, fodya sunadetsedwe kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kansa ya m'mapapo yotchedwa squamous cell carcinoma .

Khansara yamapapu imeneyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri pamsewu waukulu womwe umalowa m'mapapu (bronchi) ndipo chifukwa cha malowa, nthawi zambiri imayamba kupezeka. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mafyuluta kwa ndudu, mapapu adenocarcinoma anakhala ofala kwambiri. Khansara yamapapu imeneyi imapezeka nthawi zonse m'mapapo, ndipo chifukwa cha malowa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzigawo zina za matendawa.

Izi ndizingoganizira, koma mfundo ndi yakuti timadziwa kuti khansa ya fodya ikupezeka mu fodya ya fodya, koma momwe timaonera kuwonongeka kwa mzere kapena khansa kungakhale yosiyana ndi zomwe tikuwona tsopano ndi kusuta fodya.

Kusiyana komaliza pakati pa kusuta fodya ndi hookah ndiko kulandira matenda opatsirana. Ngakhale kuti ndudu zimakonda kusuta ndekha ndi munthu, chitoliro cha hookah chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu angapo, chifukwa "amayendayenda" phala pakhomo la hookah kapena pakhomo. Mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi omwe amapezeka pakamwa kwa anthu ena omwe amamwa fodya, akhoza "kugawidwa," kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mankhwala a herpes.

Monga chitsimikizo chomaliza, musanyengedwe ndi malonda omwe amanena kuti hooka alibe phala. Ndi njira yotentha (ndi ndudu) kapena kutentha (ndi hookah) yomwe imapanga phula. Ndipotu, kusuta fodya kungapangitse kutsekemera kwapamwamba kwambiri ngati kusuta kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo kumafuna kukoka kwambiri.

Ngozi ya Khansa

Kusuta fodya kungakhale pangozi kwa khansa yomweyo yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kusuta fodya , chifukwa chowoneka ndi khansa zofanana, komanso khansa zina zokhudzana ndi kutentha kwa makala ndi maonekedwe a inhalation.

Pali umboni wabwino wakuti kusuta fodya kungapangitse kuti:

Khansara Yam'mimba - Zambiri za khansa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa zomwe zimapezeka mu utsi wa fodya zimapezekanso mu fodya.
Kansera ya Esophageal - Kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti hooka imasuta kuti ikhale yoopsa ya khansa yowopsya pamene khansa ya utsi yomwe imayambitsa khansa yapachiŵeni imakhalaponso mu fodya wa fodya.
Khansara yam'mimba - Fodya imakwiyitsa minofu m'kamwa ndi mmero, ndipo pakuwoneka ndi anthu omwe amasuta fodya, amachititsa kutupa komwe kungayambitse khansa.
Khansara ya m'mimba (kansa ya m'mimba) - Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa hookah kusuta ndi khansa ya m'mimba, komanso zofufuza zowopsa m'mimba mwa ogwiritsa ntchito hookah.
Khansara ya chikhodzodzo - Maphunziro a Epidemiological amagwirizana ndi hookah yosuta ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa ku United States zikuoneka kuti 50 peresenti ya khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo mwa amuna imayamba chifukwa cha kusuta fodya.
Khansara yotchedwa Pancreatic - Kafukufuku wanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito hookah ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya pancreatic. Tikudziwanso kuti hookah kusuta imayambitsa matenda a chingamu (matenda a periodontal) ndipo matendawa amadziwika kuti ndiwopseza kwambiri khansa ya pancreatic.
Mwina khansa ya m'magazi - Benzene, kansajeni yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa khansa yokhudza magazi makamaka mitsempha yambiri ya m'magazi (AML) , ilipo mu fodya wa hooka. Akatswiri ofufuza anapeza kuti fodya okwana 105 ndi ophwanya 103 omwe sakhala osuta fodya omwe ankawotcha utsi wa hooka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a benzene musanakhalepo. Omwe amafalitsa mowa wa hamba anali ndi msinkhu wa 4.2 kuposa pamene akusuta mu barolo ya hooka ndipo nthawi 1,9 zapitazo pambuyo pakhomo. Chododometsa, ziwerengero zowonjezera zowonjezera maulendo 2.6 mwa anthu osuta fodya.

Kuyambira kale kwambiri kuti adziŵe khansara yeniyeni yomwe ingayambitse kusuta fodya, koma zikuwoneka kuti ndi nzeru kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe timadziwa za fodya ndi khansa polankhula ndi achinyamata. Sitikudziwa nthawi ya latency yowonongeka ndi hookah ndi chitukuko cha khansara (nthawi ya latency ndi nthawi yomwe ikupezeka pakati pa mankhwala opatsirana khansa ndi chitukuko cha khansara) koma tikudziwa kuti nthawi ya latency pakati pa utsi wa fodya kuwonetsa ndi khansa kungakhale zaka zambiri. Zingakhalenso kuti hooka imasuta, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuposa utsi wa ndudu, imathandizira mitundu kapena magawo a khansa omwe sakhala akuwona kuti ali ndi kusuta fodya.

Secondhand Hookah Smoke Risk

Pakhala pali kafukufuku wochuluka wofikira lero kuyang'ana momwe zotsatira za hookah zowonjezeramo zimasuta pa anthu omwe samasuta omwe sakuwonekera. Utsi wa fodya wa m'mlengalenga (ETS) kapena utsi wothandizira utsi umatanthawuza kuphatikiza kwa utsi wambiri, utsi wambiri , ndi utsi umene umatulutsa fodya.

Popeza kuti poizoni ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mumtundu wa fodya mulipo utsi wa hooka, chinthu choyambirira ndi kuyang'ana zotsatira za utsi wa fodya wambiri kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi ana. Komabe, pangakhale kusiyana komwe. Utsi wochuluka womwe umatulutsa utsi wa hooka ungakhale wosiyana ndi utsi umene umatulutsa utsi wochuluka wa ndudu, ndipo uli ndi utsi wambiri womwe umatulutsa utsi. Kaya izi ndi zabwino kapena zoipa ndi funso lina.

Kafukufuku wa benzini ya urinary kwa osasuta omwe amapezeka kuti akuwotcha fodya ndi okhudza (onani pansi pa khansa ya m'magazi pamwambapa). Komanso ponena kuti fodya wa mapapu a mapapu a NFK (4- [methylnitrosamino] -1- [3-pyridyl] -1-butanone amapezeka m'magulu apamwamba m'zipinda za ana omwe amatha kusuta fodya pamwezi kapena mwezi uliwonse.

Zilonda Zina Zokhudzana ndi Kusuta Fodya

Mofanana ndi kusuta fodya, palinso zinthu zambiri zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi kusuta fodya komwe kumapitirira khansa. Zina mwa izi ndizo matenda a mtima, kubadwa msanga, emphysema, ndi kusabereka. Mpaka tidziwe zambiri, zingatithandize kuganizira zomwe tinkadziwa za kusuta fodya musanakhale wotchuka kwambiri, mogwirizana ndi zomwe tikudziwa lero.

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