Palibe utsi wochuluka womwe uli wotetezeka
Kusuta fodya, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kusuta fodya, kumachitika chifukwa cha kupuma kwa zonyansa mumlengalenga kuchokera ku fodya. Malinga ndi bungwe la American Lung Association, utsi umene umachokera ku fodya uli ndi mankhwala okwana 7,000, ndipo awa, 70 amadziwika kuti akugwirizana ndi khansa (carcinogenic).
Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi iliyonse pamene wina ayatsa ndudu, mankhwala oopsa monga benzene, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, arsenic ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, ndi carbon monoxide zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.
Monga osuta amachititsa zinthu zoopsazi mwachindunji, osasuta amachita zimenezo mwachindunji, chifukwa cha utsi watsopano.
Chimene chiri
Utsi wa fodya ndi mtundu umodzi wa utsi: utsi wambiri, umene umatulutsa kuchokera kwa munthu amene akusuta, ndi utsi wambiri, umene umachokera kumapeto kwa ndudu yoyaka moto. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi khansa yoopsa.
Imfa Yotchedwa Smoke Imfa
Nyuzipepala ya American Lung Association inati anthu osuta 40,000 amafa chaka chilichonse. Palibe njira yotetezeka ya utsi wothandizira. Ngakhale kufotokozera mwachidule kungayambitse matenda a mtima kapena kuwonjezereka kwa zotsatira zolakwika zambiri za thanzi. Komanso, kusuta fodya kumatulutsa matenda ndi kufa kwa msanga kwa ana ndi akulu omwe sasuta.
Magulu Oopsya
Ngakhale kuti aliyense ali ndi chiopsezo chotengera utsi wothandizira, magulu ena a anthu ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mavuto aakulu kuchokera kwa utsi watsopano.
Izi zikuphatikizapo ana osabereka, ana ndi ana, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena zina zotupa, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi COPD. Dokotala Wamkulu wa Opaleshoni ndi Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amalangiza kuti palibe munthu amene amasuta pamene achinyamata alipo.
Akuluakulu
Kusuta fodya ndizovuta kwambiri kupuma.
Zingathe kuchititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, kuphatikizapo COPD. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi COPD amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri atakhala ndi utsi wambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo kupuma kwapuma, kukhwima, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Komanso, kusuta fodya kumayambitsa matenda a mphumu. Kununkhira kwa utsi pa zovala kapena khungu ndikwanira kuti ziwonongeke.
Katswiri wa EPA monga khansa ya m'mapapo ya munthu, utsi wothandizidwa ndi anthu omwe amatha kusuta fodya amachititsa pafupifupi kufala khansa ya m'ma 3,400 chaka chilichonse ku America. Zimayambitsa imfa pakati pa 22,700 ndi 69,600 ku United States kuchokera ku matenda a mtima chaka chilichonse, ndipo ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena akufunika kuti atsimikizidwe izi, zakhala zikugwiridwa ndi kupweteka ndi kuuma kwa mitsempha.
Ana ndi Ana Obadwa
Mzimayi akamasuta panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, mwana wosabadwa amapeza mpweya wochepa ndipo amachititsa kuti pakhale monixide yowonjezera m'magazi ake. Izi zingachititse kuti pakhale kutaya kwa padera, kubereka msinkhu, kubadwa, ndi matenda omwe amamwalira mwadzidzidzi (SIDS). Ana omwe amatha kusuta fodya m'mimba ali pangozi ya kulemera kochepa kubadwa ndi mavuto ena. Kuonjezerapo, pali kugwirizana koyenera pakati pa kusuta fodya pa nthawi ya mimba ndi SIDS.
Ndipotu, makanda a amayi amene amasuta amakhala oposa awiri kuti afe ndi SIDS kuposa ana omwe osuta fodya.
Ana ndi Achinyamata
Malinga ndi bungwe la American Lung Association, ngakhale kuti pali uthenga wabwino wosonyeza kuti kusuta fodya kumawonongeka m'zaka 10 zapitazi, ana 37 pa ana 100 alionse a ku America (24 miliyoni) amatha kusuta fodya.
Chifukwa chakuti ana ali ndi maulendo ang'onoang'ono, amatha kusuta fodya kuposa anthu akuluakulu. Mwana akakhala ndi utsi wambiri, mphamvu yake yopuma imakhala yovuta, pamene mpweya umatha ndipo umadzaza ndi ntchentche. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma monga kukhwima ndi kupuma ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda opuma.
Utsi wa fodya umagwirizanitsa ndi ana 7,500 mpaka 15,000 opititsa ana aang'ono ndi ana aang'ono chaka ndi chaka ndipo amatsogolera kufa kwa 136 mpaka 212 ana ali ndi miyezi 18 kapena wamng'ono chaka chilichonse. Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa utsi wothandizira anthu amadetsa mpweya wa m'mapapo, ndiwopweteka kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi mphumu, zomwe zimapangitsa ana kukhala ndi zaka 8,000 mpaka 26,000 chaka chilichonse. Amadziwikanso kuti amachititsa kuti zizindikiro za mphumu zikhale ndi ana 400,000 mpaka 1,000,000 omwe ali ndi mphumu.
Ana ndi achinyamata omwe amasuta amangotenga matenda opatsirana komanso amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Kusuta fodya kumadziwidwanso kuti kumayenderana ndi matenda a makutu apakati, chibayo, ndi bronchitis ana.
Kusuta fodya ndilo vuto lalikulu la thanzi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti achinyamata achinyamata omwe amasuta amasuta. Achinyamata samangodziwa momwe kusuta kumayendera, koma amatha kumwa mowa mwachangu.
Mmene Mungapewere Kutuluka
Ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati muli ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kupuma, kuphatikizapo mphumu ndi COPD, kuti simunangosiya kusuta komanso kupewa utsi wothandizira. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zingatengedwe pofuna kuyesetsa kupewa:
- Musalole aliyense kusuta mkati mwa nyumba, ofesi, kapena galimoto yanu.
- Fotokozani ndondomeko yanu "yopanda utsi" kwa aliyense amene akuyendera. Anthu omwe amakuganizirani kwambiri amalemekeza komanso akuthandizira malamulo anu.
- Pewani khalidwe la kusuta m'nyumba mwanu pochotsa zitsamba zonse.
- Alangizeni alendo ndi achibale, ngati ayenera, kusuta kunja, kutali ndi mawindo kapena zitseko.
- Osapitiliza malo omwe anthu akusuta. Ngati mukuyenera kukhala pamalo omwe anthu akusuta fodya, khalani kapena muyimire gawo lopuma mpweya wabwino, osasuta.
- Ngati achibale amasuta, onetsani kuti asiye.
- Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa mukuvutika kusiya, lankhulani ndi gulu lanu la chisamaliro za kupeza thandizo. Mankhwala othandizira kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena alipo ndipo akhoza kuwonjezera mwayi wanu wosiya bwino.
- Lowani, kapena kuwuzani wokondedwa wanu kuti alowe gulu lothandizira kusuta.
Ngakhale miyambo yambiri yopanda utsi imapezeka m'mizinda yambiri ya m'dzikoli, zambiri zimayenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuteteza thanzi la anthu onse, makamaka ana. Kupitiliza maphunziro m'masukulu athu ndi kuntchito kungathandize kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi. Munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopuma mpweya wabwino, wopanda mpweya woopsa wa utsi watsopano.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Zizindikiro Zofunika: Kusiyanitsa kwa Anthu Osatulutsa Mtambo Kuwonekera kwa Utsi Wachiwiri - United States, 1999-2012. Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. February 6, 2015; 64 (4): 103-8.
> Zotsatira zaumoyo wa utsi wa Secondhand. Association of Lung America.