Kudziwa mtundu wa myelogenous leukemia (AML) munthu wina ali ngati kufalitsa khansa zina, monga khansa ya m'mapapo kapena khansa. Mu khansa yolimba ngati izi, kuyendetsa ntchito ndikofunika kudziwa momwe matendawa aliri, komanso kuthandiza kukonza chithandizo. Koma pankhani ya khansa ya m'magazi , madokotala amatha kuyang'ana zitsulo kuchokera ku fupa la fupa ndi phokoso kuti azindikire myelogenous (kapena myeloblastic) leukemia subtype, ndiyeno nkutsatira njira zotsatirazi.
Kodi Kumatsimikizira Mtundu wa AML?
Maselo onse a magazi, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a m'magazi, mapuloletsiti, ndi maselo oyera a magazi, amayambira monga selo limodzi lopangira mafupa . Maselo a tsinde sangathe kupanga mapuloteni, kunyamula oksijeni, kapena kumenyana ndi matenda, koma amakula kapena okhwima kukhala maselo a magazi omwe amagwira ntchito.
Maselo a tsinde amakula kukhala maselo osasamba a magazi, omwe amawoneka ndikuchita pang'ono monga selo "wamkulu" omwe amatha kukhala ndi gawo lililonse la chitukuko omwe amatha. Pamene selo la magazi liri okhwima mokwanira kuti lichite ntchito yake mu thupi, ilo limamasulidwa ku fupa la fupa ndi kulowa m'magazi, komwe ilo lidzakhalapo kwa moyo wake wonse.
Pankhani ya matenda a khansa ya m'magazi , pali kuwonjezereka kwakukulu ndi kumasulidwa kwa maselo ambiri a m'magazi. Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amakhala "otanganidwa" pa siteji imodzi ya chitukuko, ndipo amakhalabe olephera kugwira ntchito yomwe apangidwe.
Mitundu imatsimikiziridwa ndi siteji ya chitukuko maselo amayima.
Pali machitidwe awiri omwe amadziwika kuti AML subtypes - dongosolo la French-American-British (FAB) ndi dongosolo la World Health Organisation (WHO).
FAB ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuti awononge AML pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lino, madokotala adzayang'ana maselo a khansa ya m'magazi omwe amapeza panthawi ya mafupa .
Pambuyo podziwa kuti ndi seti liti yomwe maselo alili, amadziwitsanso mtundu wa selo omwe ayenera kukhala nawo pamene akukula.
Tsambali pansipa likufotokoza dongosolo lino mwatsatanetsatane.
Nchifukwa chiyani Malembo Anga A AML?
Mutu wanu wa AML umathandiza madokotala kuti adziwitse mankhwala, zotsatira, zizindikiro, ndi khalidwe la matenda anu.
Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza aphunzira kuti M0, M4, ndi M5 subtypes zimagwiridwa ndi mlingo wochepa wa kukhululukira ndipo sagwirizana ndi mankhwala. M4 ndi M5 subtype khansa ya m'magazi imakhalanso ndi mitundu yambiri yotchedwa granulocytic sarcomas (zilonda zomwe zimapangidwa mu minofu yofewa kapena fupa) ndi kufalitsa ku cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Chithandizo ndi chomwecho kwa ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri kupatulapo APL (M3). Mankhwala osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza APL, ndipo zizindikiro zimakhala zabwino kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi.
Mchitidwe wa Maofesi a FAB
| Zosintha | Dzina lachidule | Kusinthasintha | Zizindikiro za Cell |
|---|---|---|---|
| M0 | Myeloblastic | 9- 12% | Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo sangakhale ndi khalidwe la selo limene ayenera kukhala. |
| M1 | AML ndi kuchepa kochepa | 16- 26% | Mitsempha yambiri ya myeloid (kapena myeloblasts / "kuphulika") ndiyo mtundu waukulu wa selo mumsampha wa mafuta. |
| M2 | AML ndi kusasitsa | 20-29% | Zitsanzo zili ndi myeloblasts zambiri, koma zikuwonetseratu kukula kuposa M1 subtype. Myeloblast ndi sitepe yotsiriza ya chitukuko musanatuluke maselo aang'ono kuti akhale selo loyera kapena lofiira la magazi, kapena platelet |
| M3 | Promyelocytic (APL) | 1-6% | Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi akadali aang'ono, pakati pa myeloblast ndi myelocyte siteji. Wopanda kale, koma kuyamba kuyang'ana ndikuchita zambiri ngati selo loyera. |
| M4 | Mwamtheradi Myelomonocytic khansa ya m'magazi | 16- 33% | Maselo a m'magazi amaphatikizana ndi mitundu ya granulocytic ndi monocytic cell. Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amayang'ana kwambiri ngati maselo oyera a m'magazi kuposa kale lomwe, koma adakali wamng'ono. |
| M5 | Mwamtheradi Monocytic Leukemia | 9- 26% | Maselo oposa 80% ndi monocytes. Mukhale pazigawo zosiyana za kukula. |
| M6 | Odwala Erythroid Leukemia | 1-4% | Maselo a m'magazi ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi makhalidwe a maselo ofiira a magazi. |
| M7 | Makamaka Megakaryocytic Leukemia | 0-2% | Maselo a m'magazi ali ochepa ndi mabala a platelets. |
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Chifukwa maselo a leukemia amayenda mofulumira m'thupi lonse, njira zachikhalidwe za khansa ya stage sizikugwira ntchito. M'malomwake, madokotala amayang'ana maonekedwe ndi matupi a mafupa anu a mafupa kuti apereke gawolo. Mankhwalawa amathandiza madokotala kudziwa kuti chithandizo chamtundu wanji chidzagwira ntchito bwino kwa inu komanso kuthandizira kufotokoza zotsatira za mankhwala anu.
Zotsatira
Aquino, V. "Mthempha Yambiri ya Mitsempha Yambiri" Mavuto Amakono Omwe Akudwala M'chaka cha 2002 32: 50-58.
Hillman, R. ndi Ault, K. (2002) The Acute Myeloid Leukemias. Hematology mu Kuchita Zipatala 3rd ed. Chipata cha New York McGraw.
Vardiman, J., Harris, N., ndi Brunning, R. "Dongosolo la World Health Organization (WHO) la Myeloid Neoplasms." Magazini ya October 2002 100: 2292- 2302.