Mthemphayiyumu ya m'magazi (ALL) ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi imene imakhudza ana, ngakhale ikhonza kuthandizanso akuluakulu. Amatchedwanso kuti acysiblastic kapena acute lymphoid ya m'magazi. ZINTHU zonse zimakhudza maselo akuluakulu amtundu wa magazi omwe amadziwika ngati kuphulika.
Mwachidule
ZONSE ndizo khansa yowopsa kwambiri kwa ana, yomwe imayang'anira pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya khansa yaunyamata.
Anthu pafupifupi 7,000 amayamba chaka chilichonse ndi anthu pafupifupi 1,500, komabe pafupifupi magawo atatu pa atatu aliwonse a iwo amene amafa ali akuluakulu.
Matendawa ndi omwe amapita mofulumira ndipo amadziwika ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha maselo oyera amagazi oyera m'magazi ndi mafupa. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu izi zinali matenda oopsa kwambiri, tsopano akutha kupulumuka ndi chemotherapy .
Kulongosola kotere kwa kukhala wansanje komanso wopulumutsidwa pa nthawi imodzi kungakhale kusokoneza kwa anthu ena, makamaka ngati mutapezeka kuti muwerenge buku lakale lachipatala lomwe limafotokoza ONSE ngati khansa yamphamvu kwambiri. Choncho, zingathandize kuganizira mmene chemotherapy imagwirira ntchito, poyambitsa maselo ogawanitsa kwambiri.
M'nthaŵi yomwe tili ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a mankhwala a chemotherapy, kukhala ndi khansa yowopsya kungatengedwe kuti "ndibwino," pozindikira kuti tili ndi njira yochizira matendawa mwamphamvu.
Matenda omwe akukula mofulumira, mosiyana, sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi chemotherapy. Ndipo ngakhale khansara iyi, mwatsoka, imapezeka mwa ana, nthawi zambiri ana amachita bwino kwambiri kuposa achikulire omwe ali ndi matendawa.
Kodi Lymphoblasts Ndi Chiyani?
Mafuta a mitsempha yotchedwa Lymphoblasts ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi lotchedwa lymphocytes.
Mu fupa la fupa, ntchito yotchedwa hematopoiesis imachitika, zomwe kwenikweni zimatanthauza kupanga maselo athu a chitetezo cha m'magazi ndi magazi.
Njirayi imayambira ndi selo yamadzimadzi omwe amatha kusinthika potsatira mzere wa myeloid (womwe umakhala mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi lodziwika ngati granulocyte, maselo ofiira a magazi, kapena platelet) kapena mzere wa lymphoid. Lymphoblast ndi "mwana" mu njira iyi. Mafinya amatha kukhala ma lymphocyte T (maselo T), ma Bymphocytes B (maselo B), kapena maselo a Natural Killer (NK maselo.)
Zimayambitsa
Sichikudziwika bwino chomwe chimayambitsa ZONSE, koma zifukwa zowopsya zingaphatikizepo:
- Zina zamoyo, monga Down syndrome
- Ena amasintha chromosomal kapena kusintha kwa majini
- Kuwonetsa zinthu, monga benzene
- Mu utero (kubereka) kuwonetsedwa kwa x-rays
- Kuwonetsera kwa mankhwala opatsirana khansa, kuphatikizapo radiation therapy ndi chemotherapy
Zizindikiro
Popeza ma lymphoblasts "amakhala" m'mafupa , maselo onse a magazi kuphatikizapo maselo oyera a m'magazi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi mapaleletti angakhudzidwe. Maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amapangidwa-ngakhale atakhala aakulu kuposa nambala-samagwira ntchito mofanana ndipo nthawi zambiri amachepetsa mitundu yambiri ya maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi mapulogalamu.
Zizindikiro zingakhalepo:
- Kutopa ndi kufooka
- Pallor
- Chiwindi (malungo osadziwika kuchokera kwa ana) kapena kutuluka usiku
- Matenda obwerezabwereza (izi zingakhale zovuta kudziwitsa ana omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana)
- Kudandaula
- Kupuma pang'ono
- Khalani ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya ndi kulemera
- Petechiae (madontho a khungu omwe amawoneka ofiira ndipo samataya pamene muyika kukanikiza khungu-musati blanch)
- Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi mgwirizano, makamaka m'matumbo aatali
- Zilonda zopanda kupweteka zopanda ululu m'khosi, pamimba, ndi kubuula
- Chifundo cha m'mimba kumanja kumanja kapena kumanzere, pansi pa nthiti
Kudziwa
ZONSE nthawi zambiri zimakayikira pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo am'nyamata.
Mayesero ena opangidwa mu ndondomeko yothandizira angaphatikizepo:
- Mayeso ambiri a magazi
- Mafupa a mafupa amatha
- Mayeso okuyesa kuti ayang'ane zotupa, makamaka mimba, chifuwa, kapena msana
- Kuwombera kwa mdima (kapu ya msana imachitika pofuna kuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa mu cerebrospinal fluid)
Chithandizo
Zingakhale zothandiza kumvetsa nthawi yomweyo kuti, mosiyana ndi ena khansa, chemotherapy kwa ALL nthawi zambiri imachitika kwa zaka zingapo, osati masabata angapo.
Chithandizo cha ALL chingasokonezedwe m'zinthu zotsatirazi, koma kawirikawiri chimaphatikizapo mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri (mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa ma ARV nthawi zina amachitiranso chithandizo)
- Kuchulukitsa mankhwala (kuchepetsa kudulidwa) -Zonse zikapezeka, choyamba ndi kuchepetsa kuwerengeka kwa mabomba ndi kubwezeretsanso kupanga maselo achilendo pamthambo. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina amachitidwa ngati odwala. Pamene sitepe iyi yatha, wina yemwe ali ndi ZONSE nthawi zambiri amakhala mukhululukiro.
- Kuphatikizana - Njira yotsatira (yoonedwa imodzi mwa njira zothandizira mankhwalawa) ndi "kuyeretsa" maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe "atsala" atatha mankhwala opatsirana.
- Thandizo la kusamalira - Ngakhale pambuyo pa khansara iyi ili kukhululukidwa, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chatha kuthetsa maselo ena a khansa , omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chobwezera popanda chithandizo china. Thandizo lokonzekera limapangidwa kuti lipewe kubwereka kwa khansa ya m'magazi ndipo zotsatira zake zikhale ndi moyo wautali.
- Kupewa / CNS chithandizo - NGATI zonse zilipo mu cerebrospinal fluid, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayamba kawirikawiri, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri a mankhwala osokoneza bongo samalowerera m'magazi a ubongo. Kwa ana ambiri komanso akuluakulu omwe alibe chithandizo cha CNS, mankhwala (kuphatikizapo mankhwalawa komanso mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti athane ndi ma radiation) amachitidwa pofuna kupewa khansara kuwonetsera kapena kubwereza ubongo.
Kuvomereza kwa ana ndikopambana kuposa akuluakulu onse. Pakalipano, pafupi 95 peresenti ya ana amapindula ndi kupitirira 80 peresenti ya ana adzapitirizabe kukhala ndi matendawa nthawi yaitali.
Thandizo ndi Kulimbana
Kawirikawiri mwana ali ndi ZONSE, choncho chithandizo chiyenera kuyendetsedwa kwa ana onse okhala ndi ALL ndi makolo awo. Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere pa matendawa. Yesetsani kupeza thandizo. Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi ndi mpikisano m'malo mozembera ndipo zingathandize ena omwe akuthandiza kudziwa kuti simukufunikira nthawi yomweyo, koma kuti muthandize nthawi yomwe ikupita.
Thandizo kwa ana omwe ali ndi khansa yakula bwino kwambiri zaka khumi zapitazi komanso ngakhale makamu a ana omwe akulimbana ndi matendawa alipo tsopano lonse. Makampu awa amathandiza ana kumverera ngati sakusowa zomwe anzawo omwe alibe khansa akusangalala nazo.