Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza antihistamines
Mbiri yakale ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'thupi mwathu ndipo amasungidwa m'maselo osokonezeka, monga maselo akuluakulu ndi basophils . Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chonse, histamine imamasulidwa kuchokera ku maselowa ndikuyankhidwa. Histamine yanu imamangiriza kwa histamine receptor , yomwe ilipo pamaselo osiyanasiyana m'thupi lanu ndipo imabweretsa zizindikiro zosokoneza monga kutchera, maso , mphuno, ming'oma , kapena anaphylaxis .
Antihistamines ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kulandira kwa histamine, motero amasiya zizindikiro zomwe histamine zimayambitsa ngati kunjenjemera, mphuno, maso, ndi kutupa kwa mmimba.
Njira Zambiri Zogwiritsira Ntchito Antihistamines
Antihistamines amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kutengedwa pakamwa, pamphuno , m'madzi , ndi m'mayipi. Matenda a antihistamines amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:
- Chiwindi cha khansa (allergenic rhinitis): Chatsopano cha antihistamines, monga Xyzal (levocetirizine), Zyrtec (cetirizine), Allegra (fexofenadine), Clarinex (desloratadine), ndi Clarinex (desloratadine), ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa matenda a chideru . Antihistamines akale , monga diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), ndi hydroxyzine (Atarax), amagwiranso ntchito bwino koma amakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri. Mankhwala a antihistamines amathandiza bwino akamagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zanu zolimbitsa thupi zimafika mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri kumwa mankhwala . Antihistamines amapezekanso ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti asamalidwe matenda a rhinitis . Zilonda zam'madzi zotsutsa antihistamine zikuphatikizapo Astelin (azelastine) ndi Patanase (olopatadine). Corticosteroid minofu yamphongo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matendawa. Zitsanzo mwa izi ndi Rhinocort (budesonide), Flonase (fluticasone propionate), Nasonex (mometasone), ndi Nasacort Zowopsa 24 Ora (triamcinolone).
- Kuchepetsa maso: Mlomo wodwala antihistamines ungathandize kuthana ndi zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa maso . Zimapezeka ngati madontho a diso , monga Optivar (azelastine), Emadine (emedastine), Visine-A (pheniramine), ndi Alaway (ketotifen). Mankhwala a maso a Corticosteroid angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira kupweteka kwa maso pamene antihistamines sagwira ntchito. Zitsanzo ndi Flarex (fluorometholone), Alrex (loteprednol), ndi Omnipred (prednisolone).
- Hives (urticaria): Mankhwala a antihistamines ndiwo mankhwala akuluakulu a mng'oma. Antihistamines atsopano, otsika kwambiri, monga Zyrtec kapena Claritin , amakonda kupitilira kale, kukhala ndi antihistamines monga Benadryl kapena Atarax. Mankhwala a antihistamine amadzimadzi, omwe amapezeka m'magulu ambiri a anti-itch , sagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira ming'oma kapena matenda ena a khungu chifukwa pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a antihistamine pakhungu, monga Benadryl cream, amachititsa kuti dermatitis ikhale yogwirizana kwa antihistamine.
Zina Zogwiritsa Ntchito Antihistamines
Antihistamines amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pochiza matenda ena, ngakhale kuti sangakhale othandiza monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chimfine ndi ming'oma. Izi zikhoza kuphatikizapo:
- Chimfine
- Kuthwa khungu (pruritus)
- Tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo
- Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
- Anaphylaxis
Omwe Amamwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Mankhwala oletsa antihistamines ndi awa:
- Over-the-counter (OTC): Mwinamwake wotchuka kwambiri pakamwa antihistamine ndi Benadryl , yemwe ndi wachikulire, wokhala ndi antihistamine. Ngakhale Benadryl ndi mankhwala othandiza kuti azitha kulandira matenda osiyanasiyana, zotsatira zake zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, makamaka masana. Benadryl, ndi antihistamines ena ambiri achikulire, monga Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine), alipo OTC popanda mankhwala. Antihistamines atsopano, osagwira pansi, Claritin, Allegra, ndi Zyrtec, amapezanso OTC popanda mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti azikhala osakanikirana kwambiri ndipo amasankhidwa kwambiri kuposa kale.
- Kulembera kokha: Pamene ambiri achikulire, antihistamines okhala pansi tsopano alipo OTC, Atarax akadalipo ndi mankhwala. Atarax imayenda mozungulira kwambiri ndipo imadalidwa kuti athe kuchiza matenda a khungu monga ming'oma ndi kuyabwa. Matenda a metabolite a Atarax, Zyrtec, alipo OTC ndipo amachititsa kuchepa kwambiri. Xyzal ndi Clarinex, antihistamines ziwiri zochepa kwambiri, zikupezekabe ndi mankhwala, monga Periactin (cyproheptadine).
Zotsatira Zotsatira za Antihistamines
Antihistamines akale, monga Benadryl ndi Atarax, ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa za anticholinergic , kuphatikizapo mkamwa wouma, kugona, kudzimbidwa, kumutu, ndi kusungidwa kwa mkodzo.
Chifukwa cha zotsatira za mankhwalawa, nthawi zambiri amawoneka kuti akugwedezeka kwambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Popeza kuti antihistamines yakale ingasokoneze maganizo ndi magetsi, akhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu yanu yogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto kapena makina olemera. Ndipotu, m'mayiko ambiri, mukhoza kuimbidwa mlandu woyendetsa galimoto ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Benadryl.
Ma antihistamines atsopano, omwe amakhala otsika kwambiri, monga Claritin ndi Zyrtec, amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa zotsutsana ndi anticholinergic. Ngakhale kuti antihistamines yatsopanoyi ikhoza kuyambitsa kugona kapena pakamwa, sinawonetsedwe kuti imakulepheretsani kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto. Allegra ndiyo yokha antihistamine yomwe imayesedwa kukhala yosakhala pansi.
Antihistamines ndi Kulemera Kwambiri
Kuphatikiza pa dothi ndi pakamwa youma, antihistamines ikhoza kukhala ndi mbali yosafunika yomwe imakhudza chilakolako chowonjezeka ndi kulemera . Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mankhwala omwewa ofanana ndi antihistamines ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana, monga anti-depressants, omwe amadziwika kuti aziwonjezera njala ndi kuwatsogolera kulemera.
Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe adagwiritsa ntchito Xyzal adanena kuwonjezeka kwa njala ndi kupindula . Chombo cha Xyzal chimatsimikizira kuti kulemera kumakhala ngati zotsatira zodziwika koma zimanena kuti izi zikuchitika mu 0,5 peresenti ya anthu omwe amaphunzira mankhwala omwe akumwa mankhwalawa. Antihistamines achikulire, monga Periactin (cyproheptadine), akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuwonjezera njala ndi kupindula kwa ana ochepa kwambiri ndi odwala khansa omwe akudwala mankhwala a chemotherapy.
> Chitsime:
> Chipatala cha Mayo Clinic. Mankhwala Opatsirana: Dziwani Zosankha Zanu. Chipatala cha Mayo. Idasinthidwa pa June 6, 2017.