Kuvala ndi kudula mutu wa ukalamba - umodzi mwa ziphunzitso zambiri - umanena kuti zotsatira za ukalamba zimayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi mawonekedwe a thupi panthawi yake. Zofunikira, matupi athu "amatha" chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Akachoka, sangathe kugwira ntchito molondola.
Kuvala ndi kugwedeza chiphunzitsochi ndizozikika mwakuya kwathu, ndipo ndilo lingaliro limene mumamva nthawi zambiri mukalankhulana ndi chikhalidwe chathu.
Poyamba, analimbikitsa sayansi ndi sayansi ya sayansi ya chi German Dr. August Weismann mu 1882. Tikuyembekezera kuti thupi, monga mawonekedwe, lidzawonongeka ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Kuvala ndi kuthyola chiphunzitso cha ukalamba kungathenso kutchulidwa ngati chiphunzitso chophweka chokha kapena chiphunzitso chochepa chokha.
Poganizira malingaliro osiyana akale a ukalamba, kuvala ndi kugwedeza chiphunzitsocho poyamba kungawoneke kukhala koyenera kwambiri. Zimagwirizana ndi zomwe takumana nazo ndipo zimanyamula miyambo yodziwika bwino. Komabe pali ziphunzitso zina zomwe, mmalo mopenya ukalamba ngati kusasintha ndi kusweka kwachisawawa, kuwona kukalamba monga mwakufuna mwakufuna, chochitika chokonzekera. Kukalamba sikungangokhala kuwonongeka komwe kumapezeka mu magalimoto ndi munda watsopano wophunzira.
Musanafotokoze umboni wothandizira kuvulaza ndi zomwe zimatitsogolera kutali ndi chiphunzitsochi, ndizothandiza kuti tiwone mwachidule mfundo zosiyana siyana za ukalamba.
Zowona za Zopeka za Kukalamba
Monga taonera, nkofunika kuyambitsa kukambirana za kuvala ndi kugwedeza chiphunzitso cha ukalamba pozindikira kuti pali malingaliro angapo osiyana okalamba omwe amavala ndi kudula chiphunzitsochi ndi chimodzi chokha. Ngakhale zilipo umboni wotsutsana ndi izi, zowonjezereka ndizokuti pamapeto pake, tidzapeza kuti ndizophatikizapo ziwiri kapena zambiri zomwe zikuchitika kumbuyo kwa zomwe timatcha kukalamba
Pali mitundu iwiri yokalamba ya ukalamba, Izi ndi izi:
- Kukonzekera ziphunzitso - Kukonzekera ziphunzitso za ukalamba kuti ukalamba ndi njira yowonongeka, njira yachibadwa monga kutha msinkhu ndi njira yowonjezera yakukula.
- Zolakwitsa zotsutsana - Zolakwitsa zonena kuti kukalamba si chinachake chimene chinakonzedweratu kuti chichitike, koma ukalamba umachitika chifukwa cha "ngozi."
Magulu a magulu a anthu, kuphatikizapo mauthenga okhudzana ndi nkhani zomwe zimakambilana mfundo zonsezi mozama ndizomwe zili pansipa:
Zopangira ndondomeko za ukalamba ndizo:
- Anasintha ukalamba (phenoptosis)
- Matenda otchedwa Endocrine (hormone) - Mahomoni a ukalamba
- Maganizo a umoyo wa ukalamba (ndi "kutupa")
Cholakwika pazinthu za ukalamba ndizo:
- Valani ndi kudula chiphunzitsocho
- Mlingo wokhala ndi chiphunzitso cha ukalamba
- Zosamveka zowona za ukalamba
- Mapuloteni ophatikizapo chiphunzitso cha ukalamba
- DNA yochititsa mantha imawononga chiphunzitso cha ukalamba
Mitundu iwiriyi ya ziphunzitso ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mzake, monga momwe munthu amaonera kukalamba monga chilengedwe chotsatira m "thupi" wathanzi ", pamene zolakwikazo zimayang'ana kukalamba monga ngozi ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kuthandizidwa. Kusiyanasiyana kwa malingaliro amenewa, motero, kumapita kutali kuposa biology ndipo kumakhala kukambirana kwafilosofi.
Zofunikira Zambiri za Kuvala ndi Kuwongolera Malingaliro Okalamba
Kuvala ndi kudula mutuwu kumatanthauza kuti matupi athu amataya nthawi.
Lingaliro limeneli lingakhale lopanda nzeru kwa ife pamene tikuyang'ana zinthu zopanda moyo pakati pathu - kuchokera ku magalimoto athu kupita ku zovala zathu - kutaya komanso kukhala osagwira ntchito ndi nthawi.
Kodi Chimachititsa Chiyani Kuwonongeka Kwambiri ndi Kulira Kumene Kungatsogolere Kukalamba?
Matemberero osiyanasiyana akhoza kuwononga machitidwe a thupi. Kuwonetsa kuwala kwa poizoni, poizoni, ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kungawononge majini athu. Zotsatira za thupi lathulo zimagwiranso ntchito. Pamene thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri, zimawombera zaulere zomwe zingayambitse maselo ndi minofu.
Pali machitidwe ena omwe sangasinthe okha moyo wawo wonse, monga maselo a ubongo a ubongo.
Pamene maselo awa atayika, ntchitoyo idzatha. Mofanana ndi masokosi awiri, amatha kukhala motalika kwambiri asanayambe kugwira ntchito kapena kupeza dzenje. Ngakhale kuti amatha kudzimanga okha, monga masokosi amatha kudulidwa kambirimbiri asanayambe kugwira ntchito.
Maselo omwe akupitiriza kugawidwa, DNA ikhoza kuwononga kuwonongeka ndi zolakwika zomwe zingathe kuwonjezeka. Kungokhala kupatukana, mobwerezabwereza, kumachepetsa ma telomeres a chromosomes , potsirizira pake kumabweretsa selo losaoneka lomwe silingathe kugawa.
Kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni m'maselo kumabweretsa kuphatikiza kwa mapuloteni, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuchita ntchito zomwe akufuna kuchita m'ma maselo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo mkati mwa mitochondria, malo ogwiritsira ntchito maselo athu, amavulaza maselo awo kuti asagwire ntchito.
Umboni Ndi Kulimbana ndi Kuvala ndi Kumeta Monga Chifukwa Chokalamba
Ngakhale kuti tingayambe kunena kuti kuvala ndi kudula mutuwo "kumveka" kwa ife kuchokera pazowona, ndikofunikira kufanizitsa malingaliro a m'matumbo awa ndi zomwe zimadziwika ndi sayansi za thupi ndi ukalamba. Pansi pa microscope, palinso njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kuvulaza ndi kuchepa monga chinthu chokalamba, koma zina zowonjezera zomwe zimafunsanso mafunsowa. Tiyeni tiwone umboni umene tili nawo komanso motsutsana ndi chiphunzitsochi.
Umboni Womwe Umathandiza Kuvala ndi Kumeta
Kuvala ndi kudula mutu wa ukalamba kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe timadziwira. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ukalamba mosasamala nthawi ya nthawi yomwe ikuyimira kuti munthu ayambe kuwonongeka.
Powonongeka kwambiri, kufalikira ndi kugwedeza chiphunzitsochi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi limodzi mwa malamulo ofunika a chemistry ndi physics, a entropy. Lamuloli likunena kuti machitidwe onse amatha kulowera kuwonjezeka kwa entropy kapena kusasintha kwapang'onopang'ono.
Poyang'ana, tikhoza kusintha kusintha kwa msinkhu wathu ndi mafupa athu. Pa mlingo wamagulu, pali ntchito zingapo zomwe zimachepa ndi zaka. Ngakhalenso ndi zakudya zabwino, maselo athu ali ndi kuchepa kukhoza kutenga zakudya zokhala ndi msinkhu.
Umboni Womwe Ulimbana Ndi Kuvala ndi Kumeta
Umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wotsutsa mfundo ndikuti matupi athu ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokonzanso kuwonongeka. DNA yathu imakhala ndi majeremusi okonza DNA (monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ) omwe amachititsa kuti zamoyo ziwonongeke. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku wina apeza kuti ukalamba ukhoza kusinthidwa pang'ono kapena kusintha mwa kusintha kokha microenvironment ya maselo kapena zina za mahomoni. Zoonadi, sikuti zonse zowonongeka zingakonzedwe kwathunthu, ndipo zolakwitsa zikhoza kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi.
Chinanso chotsutsana ndi mfundo zowonongeka ndi zowononga kuti zamoyo zomwe zimakula zikukula kwambiri. M'malo moyambira pampando waukulu, monga galimoto imene imachokera pamsonkhanowo kapena kompyuta yatsopano mu bokosi, zamoyo zimayambitsa moyo wathanzi. Amamanga mphamvu ndi kupirira ndi msinkhu. Iwo amatha kukonzanso ndi kusinthitsa magawo ambiri osweka. Pomalizira, pali zochitika zina zomwe kudula ndi kuzikhalitsa kumawonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo.
Komatu kutsutsana kwina kumabwera poyang'ana pa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe cha thupi. Nchifukwa chiani zamoyo zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama? Nchifukwa chiyani ziwombankhanga zina zimakhala pafupifupi kawiri malinga ndi momwe ife timachitira? Kulimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuvala, chifukwa chiyani nsomba, pambuyo pautali wautali wosambira, kusamba ndi kufa; zikuwonekera pachimake cha chikhalidwe cha thupi?
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri pa Chimene Chimachititsa Ukalamba
Funso la chifukwa chake kukalamba kumabwerera mmbuyo kwambiri kuposa lingaliro la Weisman lomwe linaperekedwa mu 1800. Shakespeare adalankhula za ukalamba mu "zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zamwamuna" ndipo zaka zambiri izi zisanachitike, tikuuzidwa m'buku la Genesis kuti zaka za moyo wathu zidzangokhala 120.
Ngakhale kuti kuvala ndi kugwedeza chiphunzitsocho poyamba kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri ndipo kumapangitsa kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kochokera pa zochitika zathu, zimawonekeratu kuti palinso zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mthupi lathu zomwe sitingathe kufotokoza ndi chiphunzitso ichi. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti kuchepa kwa ntchito zomwe zimawoneka ngati "kudula" mu "kugwedeza" mfundo ndizo zotsatira, osati chifukwa cha ukalamba.
Mwina tikamamvetsa bwino za chibadwa, tidzakupeza mfundo zabwino zomwe zimayambitsa matupi athu.
Kodi Mungatani Kuti Muzitsatira Zimene Tikudziwa Zokhudza Kukalamba?
Ziribe kanthu kaya chiphunzitso cha ukalamba ndi cholondola, kapena ngati mmalo mwake kukalamba ndi chiwerengero cha zifukwa zambirizi, chowonadi chenicheni ndi chakuti tonsefe timakalamba. Ngakhale ngati sitikuoneka kuti tikuposa "zaka 120" zotchulidwa mu Genesis, zifukwa zina zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo zingathe kulepheretsa kuti tipezeke, ndipo osachepera, tipatseni khalidwe labwino pa kuchuluka kwa miyoyo yathu.
Mawu ochokera
M'malo mokhalanso ndi malangizo ena (kuwerenga: yawn) kudya bwino ndi kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, timapereka chinthu chimodzi chapadera kuchokera. Pezani njira zopangira moyo wathanzi wosangalatsa . Inde, zosangalatsa. Ndi mitundu yanji ya masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amakusangalatsani? Palibe lamulo lomwe limanena kuti muyenera kusokonezeka ndi ntchito kapena kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti mukhalebe wathanzi. Ngati muli ndi munda womwe mumakonda, munda uli kutali. Mafuta samangowonjezera chidwi ndi chakudya (ndi moyo) koma amadzaza ndi antioxidants.
Tengani kamphindi pakalipano, ndipo lembani machitidwe omwe mumawakonda kwambiri ndi zakudya zomwe mumazikonda zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu. Ndiye pitani mukakhale ndi zosangalatsa!
> Zotsatira:
> Ioannidou, Q., Goulielmaki, E., ndi G. Garinis. Kuwonongeka kwa DNA: Kuchokera Kukumitsa Kwambiri Kwambiri Kuwonongeka kwa Zakale. Malire mu Genetics . 7: 187.
> Jin, K. Modern Biological Theories of Aging. Kukalamba ndi Matenda . 2010. 1 (2): 72-74.
> Katcher, H. Kuchitira Umboni Wokulamba. Sayansi Yakale Yakale . 2015. 8 (1): 46-55.
> Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, ndi James A. Perkins. Mabala a Robbins ndi Cotran Pathologic Mavuto a Matenda. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.
> Mitteldorf, J. Aging Si Njira Yomwe Amavala ndi Kukhalira. Kafukufuku Wokonzanso . 2010. 13 (2-3): 322-6.