Kuphunzira za ukalamba - gerontology - ndi sayansi yatsopano yomwe yapanga patsogolo kwambiri pazaka 30 zapitazo. M'mbuyomu, asayansi anayang'ana chiphunzitso chimodzi chomwe chinkafotokoza kuti kukalamba. Pali magulu akulu awiri a zikhulupiriro zakale. Gulu loyamba likunena kuti ukalamba ndi wachibadwa ndipo umakonzedweratu thupi, pamene gulu lachiwiri lakalamba likunena kuti ukalamba ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kwapezeka panthawi.
Pomalizira pake, kukalamba ndi kugwirizana kovuta kwa ma genetic, chemistry, physiology, ndi khalidwe.
Malingaliro Okalamba
Mwa kumvetsa ndi kufotokoza momwe ife timakalamba, ofufuza apanga malingaliro angapo osiyana okalamba. Magulu awiriwa ndi malemba ndi zolakwika.
- Zolemba Zopangidwira zimanena kuti thupi laumunthu lapangidwa kuti lifike zaka ndipo pali nthawi yowonjezera yomwe matupi athu amatsatira.
- Zolengedwa Zakale: Kukalamba kumayambitsidwa ndi majini ena amasintha ndi kutuluka pakapita nthawi.
- Chiphunzitso cha Endocrine : Kusintha kwa mahomoni kumayendetsa ukalamba.
- Maganizo a Immunological : Mmene chitetezo cha mthupi chimapangidwira kuti chichepetse pa nthawi, ndikusiya anthu kukhala ndi matenda ambiri.
- Zolakwika Zonena kuti kukalamba kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ku machitidwe a thupi lathu, omwe amapitirira nthawi.
- Valani ndi Kuwotha : Maselo ndi matenda amatha.
- Miyoyo ya Zamoyo : Mofulumira chamoyo chimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, umfupi amakhala moyo.
- Kuyanjanitsa Pakati: Mapuloteni ophatikizana amaphatikizapo ndi kuchepetsa njira za thupi.
- Omasula Omasula: Amamasewera omasuka amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe pamapeto pake amalepheretsa kugwira ntchito.
- Datic DNA Kuwonongeka : Kusinthika kwa majini kumayambitsa maselo kusokonekera.
Genetics ndi ukalamba
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti majini angathandize kwambiri kukalamba. Akatswiri akamasintha ma jini m'magulu ena, maselo a yisiti, ndi zamoyo zina, amatha kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wawo. Tanthauzo la kuyesera kwa anthu sikudziwika, koma ochita kafukufuku amaganiza kuti chiwerengero cha majeremusi chimafika pa 35 peresenti ya kusiyana kwa ukalamba pakati pa anthu.
Zina mwa mfundo zazikulu zokhudzana ndi majini ndi ukalamba ndizo:
- Zakale Zachilengedwe: Pali majeremusi enieni omwe amathandiza munthu kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
- Senescence ya Cell : Njira yomwe maselo amawonongeka pa nthawi.
- Telomeres: Zomwe zimayambira kumapeto kwa DNA zomwe potsirizira pake zatha, zomwe zimapangitsa maselo kuti asasinthe.
- Maselo Atsulo: Maselo amenewa akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo m'thupi ndikugwira lonjezo lokonzanso kuwonongeka kwa ukalamba.
Biochemistry
Kaya muli ndi majeremusi otani, thupi lanu limakhalabe ndi zovuta zamoyo. Zina mwa zotsatirazi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndipo, pomalizira pake, kukalamba m'thupi. Kuphunzira zotsatirazi zovuta kumathandiza ochita kafukufuku kumvetsa momwe thupi limasinthira pamene ilo liri zaka. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa sayansi ya zakuthambo za ukalamba ndizo:
- Anthu Opanda Ufulu: Mamolekyu osakhazikika omwe amatha kuwononga maselo.
- Kugwirizanitsa mapuloteni: Zakudya zowonjezereka m'magazi amatha kupangitsa kuti maselo a mapuloteni akhale pamodzi.
- Kukonzekera kwa DNA: Zifukwa zosadziwika, machitidwe m'thupi kukonzanso DNA amaoneka kuti sagwira ntchito bwino kwa okalamba.
- Kutentha kwa mapuloteni otere: Mapuloteniwa amathandiza maselo kupulumuka kupsinjika ndipo amakhalapo mu chiwerengero chochepa mwa anthu okalamba.
- Mahomoni: Mahomoni a thupi amasintha pamene tikukalamba, kuchititsa kusintha kwakukulu m'zinthu zamagulu ndi ntchito zina.
Thupi la Thupi
Pamene tikukula, ziwalo zathupi ndi machitidwe ena zimasintha. Kusintha uku kumasintha matenda athu osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza akungoyamba kumvetsa zomwe zimachititsa kusintha kwa nthawi m'thupi lathu. Kumvetsetsa njirazi n'kofunika chifukwa zotsatira zambiri za ukalamba ndizoyamba kuzizindikira mu thupi lathu. Pano pali kufotokozera mwachidule momwe machitidwe ena a thupi akulira:
- Kukalamba kwa Mtima: Minofu ya mtima imakula ndi msinkhu monga momwe zimayankhira pa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Mtima wochuluka umenewu uli ndi mlingo wotsika kwambiri.
- Kutetezedwa kwautetezo kwautetezo: Matenda a T amatenga nthawi yaitali kuti abwererenso kwa achikulire komanso kuthekera kwawo kugwira ntchito.
- Mitsempha ndi Kukalamba: Mitsempha nthawi zambiri zimapweteka ndi msinkhu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mtima ukupopera magazi mwa iwo.
- Kukalamba Kwambiri: Mphamvu yamapapu imatha kuchepa pafupifupi 40 peresenti pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 70.
- Kukalamba kwa ubongo: Monga zaka za ubongo, zina zogwirizana pakati pa neuroni zikuwoneka kuti zachepetsedwa kapena zochepa. Izi sizikumveka bwino.
- Kukalamba kwa Impso: Impso zimakhala zochepa poyeretsa zinyalala kuchokera ku thupi.
- Kukalamba kwa Chikhodzodzo : Chiwerengero cha mphamvu ya chikhodzodzo ndi kuchepa kwa chikhodzodzo chimatha kuwononga, kuchititsa kusadziletsa.
- Mafuta Okalamba ndi Okalamba: Mafuta amthupi amakula mpaka zaka zapakati ndiyeno kulemera kumayamba kuchepa. Mafuta a thupi amachititsanso kuti thupi lathu lifike mwakuya pamene tikukula.
- Kutupa kwa minofu: Kutayirira kwa minofu kumachepera 22 peresenti ndi zaka 70, ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungachepetse kuchepa.
- Kukalamba Kwambiri: Kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 35, mafupa athu amayamba kuchepa. Kuyenda, kuthamanga ndi kukana maphunziro kungachepetse njirayi.
- Kuwona ndi Kukalamba: Kuyambira m'ma 40s, zovuta kuona zozama zambiri zingayambe.
- Kumva ndi Kulamba : Pamene anthu akula, kuthekera kwakumva maulendo apamwamba kumachepa.
Zinthu Zochita
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zambiri mwazimene zimayambitsa ukalamba zingasinthidwe kudzera m'makhalidwe anu:
- Mwa kudya zakudya zodzaza ndi antioxidants , mukhoza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kumeneku chifukwa cha zida zowonjezera.
- Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mukhoza kuchepetsa kuperewera kwa mafupa ndi minofu.
- Mwa kusunga cholesterol wanu pansi, mukhoza kuchepetsa kuumitsa kwa mitsempha yanu ndi kuteteza mtima wanu.
- Mukamachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, mukhoza kusunga ubongo wanu.
Zochitika za moyo zakhala zikuwonetsedwanso kuti zowonjezera moyo. Makoswe ndi mbewa pa zakudya zowonjezera kalori (30 peresenti yocheperapo makilogalamu tsiku lililonse) amakhala ndi moyo kwa 40 peresenti yaitali. Maganizo oyenerera awonetsedwanso kuti athandize anthu kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 7.5.
Chitsime:
> Kukalamba Pansi pa Microscope; National Institutes of Health, National Institute > ya > Aging.