Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse linanena kuti kunenepa kwambiri kwaunyamata "chimodzi mwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zaumoyo m'zaka za m'ma 2100" -ndipo sikuchoka nthawi yomweyo. Pakati pa 1990 ndi 2012, chiwerengero cha ana olemera kwambiri kapena ocheperachepera ndi ana (mpaka zaka zisanu) chinawonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 31 miliyoni mpaka 44 miliyoni-kuchuluka kwa 42 peresenti pazaka 20 zokha.
Ngati mchitidwe wamakono ukupitirira, chaka cha 2025, chiwerengero chimenecho chiyenera kuwonjezeka kwa ana 70 miliyoni omwe sanakondwerere masiku awo asanu akubadwa.
Kukula kwa Vutoli
Si nkhani yokha m'mayiko olemera padziko lonse lapansi. Kukhwima kwaunyamata kumafalikira m'mayiko ambiri otsika ndi apakati, makamaka m'midzi. Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe akutukuka kumeneku kwakhala kwakukulu kuposa 30 peresenti kuposa m'mayiko otukuka.
Pakati pa akuluakulu, chiwerengero cha kunenepa kwambiri chawonjezeka kuposa momwe ana amachitira m'mayiko ambiri, kupatula ku Australia, malinga ndi ofufuza a University of North Carolina ku Chapel Hill. Koma mlingo umene ana akukhala nawo kunenepa kwambiri wathamanga-mofulumira kuposa momwe iwo aliri akuluakulu-ku Brazil, China, UK, US, ndi Australia, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana kwa kunenepa pakati pa akuluakulu ndi ana ndi kochepa m'mayikowa.
Mwachitsanzo, zaka makumi atatu zapitazi, chiwerengero cha kunenepa kwa ubwana ku US kakhala katatu, ndipo lero mwana mmodzi mwa ana atatu akuonedwa kuti ndi olemera kwambiri ndipo mwana mmodzi mwa asanu ndi mmodzi ali oposa. Ku Ulaya, Spain ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu olemera kwambiri, ndipo Romania ndi yotsika kwambiri. Pafupifupi, 24 peresenti ya ana a sukulu, a zaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 9, ku Ulaya amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo Cyprus, Greece, Spain, ndi England ali ndi ana ambiri a zaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 18, Harvard School of Health Public.
Ngakhalenso ku Africa, njala, kuchepetsa thupi, ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakati pa ana, kukula kwa ubwana kumakula. Panthawiyi, m'mayiko ambiri a ku Asia (kupatula ku Japan), kuwonjezeka kwa 53 peresenti kuwonjezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri pakati pa sukulu zapakati pa 1990 ndi 2010.
Gwero la Vuto
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapadziko lonse: Kuwonjezeka kwa ubwana waunyamata kumachokera kumalo osinthika kupita kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya zowonjezera kalori "zomwe ziri ndi mafuta komanso shuga koma otsika ma vitamini, mchere ndi micronutrients zina zabwino, ndi chizoloŵezi cha kuchepetsa thupi, "malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization. M'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, malonda oopsa a zakudya zamakono ndi zakumwa kwa ana akuthandizira kuthetsa vutoli, ndipo chikhalidwe chathu chochulukitsa chikhalidwe chathu chimapangitsa kuti mwanayo asamachite zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso mawonekedwe abwino play.
Tsoka ilo, palibe njira yowonjezera yotsitsimutsa izi. Maiko osiyana akutsata njira zothetsera vuto la kunenepa kwaunyamata m'njira yachikhalidwe. Panthawiyi, bungwe la World Health Organization lakhazikitsidwa ndi mkulu wa Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity ndi cholinga chopeza uphungu kuchokera kwa akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga momwe angakwaniritsire vutoli.
Popeza kuti ndi vuto lalikulu, yankho liyenera kukhala lothandizidwa, komanso chifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo, asayansi, azachuma, ndi akatswiri ena amafunikira kulingalira ndi mfundo zothetsera vutoli.
Zambiri zili pangozi ngati akatswiri sakubwera ndi njira zothetsera vutoli. Ndipotu, kunenepa kwambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zosiyana za thupi komanso zotsatira zowononga maganizo, nayenso. Kuwonjezera apo, ana oposa onse amakhala opitirirabe ngati akuluakulu, kuwaika chifukwa cha mavuto ambiri azaumoyo komanso khalidwe labwino, pamene akukula.
Icho chikanakhala cholowa choyipa kwa m'badwo wotsatira, kulikonse mu dziko.
> Zotsatira:
Harvard School of Health Public. Kuteteza Kwambiri Kwambiri Kuchokera Mthupi: Kutaya Kwambiri kwa Ana.
Popkin BM, Conde W, Hou N, Monteiro C. Kodi Pali Lag Padziko Lonse Powonongeka Kwambiri kwa Ana Poyerekeza ndi Akuluakulu? Kunenepa kwambiri, mwezi wa October 2006; 14 (10): 1846-53.
Bungwe la World Health Organization. Mchitidwe Wadziko Lonse pa Zakudya, Zochita Zathupi, ndi Thanzi: Kulemera Kwambiri kwa Ana ndi Kutaya Kwambiri.
Bungwe la World Health Organization. Mchitidwe Wadziko Lonse pa Zakudya, Zochita Zathupi, ndi Zaumoyo: Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro pa Ubwana Wolemera.