Pamene mawu akuti: Nthawi zovuta zimayitanitsa zowonongeka, ndipo chitsanzo chaposachedwapa ndi mliri wa kunenepa kwaunyamata . Kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali oyenerera kuti azitha kunenepa kwambiri , chithandizo cha njira yomaliza chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: Opaleshoni ya Bariatric.
Kuchita opaleshoni ya kulemera kwa thupi tsopano kukuonedwa kuti ndibwino kuchitapo kanthu kwa achinyamata ovuta kwambiri omwe akuvutika ndi zotsatira za umoyo wolemera ndipo ayesera njira zina kuti azichepera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi-koma osapambana.
Umboni umasonyeza kuti opaleshoniyi ingathandize ana ameneĊµa kupewa mavuto okhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri monga matenda a shuga, kutsekeka kwa kugona tulo, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kafukufuku wochokera ku Saudi Arabia anapeza kuti ana ovuta kwambiri, a zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, omwe anachitidwa opaleshoni ya bereatric anataya 62 peresenti ya kulemera kwao kwa zaka ziwiri-ndipo ambiri mwa iwo adathetsa vuto lawo la mafuta m'thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, zizindikiro za kugonana, ndi matenda a shuga.
Komabe, ngakhale phindu lopindulitsa, ntchito ya opaleshoni ya anaatric pakati pa achinyamata ilipo kuyambira 2003 ku US, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013. Ndalama komanso mwayi wopezera chisamaliro zikhoza kukhala zifukwa zazikulu mu "kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosayenera kwa mankhwala omwe angasinthe moyo wawo kwa anyamata ndi atsikana omwe ali achinyamata omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chochepa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu."
Njira Zosiyana Zosiyanasiyana za Ana
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochitidwa opaleshoni zomwe zimapangidwira ana kapena achinyamata.
Odwala opaleshoni a roux-en-Y, opaleshoni amapanga thumba laling'ono pamwamba pa mimba, pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangira opaleshoni, ndipo amaika chikwamacho pakati pa matumbo aang'ono. Thumbali lingagwire kagawo kakang'ono chabe ka chakudya chomwe chimakhala chotheka m'mimba, choncho zimamukakamiza kuti adye chakudya chochepa.
Komanso, chifukwa chakudya chimene chimadya chimadutsa mbali yaikulu ya m'mimba ndi m'mimba m'mimba, zochepa zamchere zimachokera ku chakudya.
Ndi opaleshoni yamagetsi yokhala ndi m'mimba, gulu la sililicone lamasinthidwe limayikidwa kuzungulira mmimba kuti apange thumba laling'ono; Izi zimalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chimene munthu angathe kudya ndikumangokhalira kumverera mwangwiro. Ndiyo njira yochepetsera yosavuta ya opaleshoni, ndipo siimasokoneza kuyamwa kwa zakudya m'thupi momwe njira yamimba imapangidwira opaleshoni. Bungwe likhoza kusintha, kulipangitsa kuti likhale lovuta kapena lomasula, kuti likhale ndi zofunikira zowonongeka kwa munthu, ndipo zingathetsedwe, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kupangika kwa manja kwa laparoscopic kumachepetsa kukula kwa mimba ndi 75 peresenti, kusiya "manja" kapena chubu chochepa. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chimene munthu angadye nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chakuti sichidutsa m'matumbo, njirayi imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa zakudya zokhazokha koma zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa ghrelin, hormone ya njala, yomwe imatulutsa m'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke. Mofanana ndi opaleshoni ya opaleshoni yowonongeka, njirayi siidasinthika.
Maphunziro oyambirira apeza njira zogwirira ntchitoyi kuti zikhale zotetezeka pakati pa achinyamata, ndi zotsatira zafupipafupi zofanana ndi za akuluakulu.
Mu kafukufuku wa 2014 wa njira 345 achinyamata ndi achinyamata, ofufuza a ku Germany adapeza kuti njira zamakono zochitiramo opaleshoni mwa anthuwa ndizozembera m'mimba, ndipo pamapeto pake pamakhala kutsogolo kwa manja. Patadutsa chaka, chifuwa cha m'mimba chinapangitsa kuti munthu asachepetse kuchepa, kenako amatha kuperekera m'mimba, koma njira zitatu zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa komanso zochepa.
Phunziro la 2013 ku Yunivesite ya Miami School of Medicine inapezanso kuti ana a zaka zapakati pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (19) omwe anachitidwa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni yowonongeka, anali ndi maulendo opitirira kawiri kulemera kwake kwa chaka chimodzi monga omwe anali opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ya m'mimba.
Panthawiyi, kafukufuku wa 2012 ku Children's National Medical Center ku Washington, DC, anapeza kuti anyamata ochepa kwambiri omwe anali ochepa kwambiri anafa chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa thupi lawo chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa manja.
Zithunzi Zambiri Zoganizira Zithunzi
Ngakhale kuti izi zikuyenda bwino, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yaitali pa opaleshoni ya anaatric ana ndi achinyamata akusowa. Pakalipano, palibe njira yodziwira zomwe zimachitika pa nthawi ya moyo kwa ana amene akhala akuchitidwa opaleshoni yachipatala chifukwa njirazi sizinapezeke kwa makolo awo pamene anali ana. Kudziwa zambiri pazomwe zidzathetsere nthawi yaitali, kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, komanso mitundu yovuta yomwe ingachitike patapita zaka (pambuyo pake, matupi a ana akukulabe) ndi ofunikira kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njirayi ali wamng'ono kwambiri kuti asankhe.
Ndifunikanso kukumbukira kuti opaleshoni ya bariatric sizowonjezereka kwa ubwana wambiri. Mofanana ndi akuluakulu, opaleshoni ya kulemera kwa ana oposa ndi mbali imodzi yothetsera vutoli. Amene akutsatira ndondomekoyo amafunika kudya zakudya zathanzi komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Apo ayi, iwo akhoza kubwezeretsa zina kapena zolemetsa zomwe adazitaya.
Zotsatira:
Alqahtani AR, Antonisamy B, Alamri H, ElaMedi M, Zimmerman VA. Zojambula Zapamwamba za Laparoscopic mu 108 Ana Osauka ndi Achichepere ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 21. Annals of Surgery, August 2012; 256 (2): 266-73.
Kelleher DC, Merrill CT, Cottrell LT, Nadler EP, Burd RS. Zochitika Zatsopano zaposachedwapa za Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito kwa Achinyamata Odwala Opaleshoni Yophatikiza Anthu: 2000 mpaka 2009. JAMA Pediatrics 2013; 167 (20: 126-132.
Kelly AS, Barlow SE, Rao G, Inge TH, Hayman LL, Steinberger J, Urbina EM, Ewing LJ, Daniels SR. Kulemera Kwambiri kwa Ana ndi Achinyamata: Kuzindikiritsa, Ngozi Zogwirizana ndi Zaumoyo, ndi Njira Zothandizira Zomwe Amanena Zokhudza Sayansi Kuchokera ku American Heart Association Circulation, September 2013 (yofalitsidwa pa Intaneti asanayambe kusindikiza).
Lennerz BS, Wabitsch M, Lippert H, Wolff S, Knoll C, Wowonjezera R, Manger T, Kiess W, Stroh C. Bariatric Surgery mu Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Aakulu-Kutetezeka ndi Mphamvu mu Cohort ya Odwala 345. International Journal of Obesity, March 2014; 38 (3): 334-40.
Mayi SE, Lopez-Mitnik G, Vinyo wa vinyo D, Sherif B, Mtsinje KL, Reichard KW, MPhalsky MP, Lipshultz SE, Miller TL, Livingstone AS, de la Cruz-Munoz N. Kusintha kwa kulemera ndi kusemphana pakati pa achinyamata Kuchita opaleshoni: zotsatira za zaka 1 kuchokera ku Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database. Opaleshoni Yokwanira Kwambiri Ndi Matenda Okhudzana, July-August 2013; 9 (4): 503-13.
Nadler EP, Barefoot LC, Qureshi FG. Zotsatira Zoyambirira Pambuyo Pa Mankhwala a Laparoscopic Gastrectomy mu Achinyamata Olemera Kwambiri. Opaleshoni, August 2012; 152 (2): 212-7.