Malinga ndi American Heart Association (AHA), mwana mmodzi mwa ana atatu ndi achinyamata ali olemera kapena olemera kwambiri.
Monga momwe AHA amanenera, izi zimakhala pafupifupi katatu chomwe chinali mu 1963. Ndipotu, kunenepa kwambiri kwaunyamata kwakhala koopsa kwambiri ndipo kuopsa kwa thanzi la ana kuti American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ili ndi webusaiti yathu yonse yoperekedwa kuchitetezo chake ndi chithandizo.
Koma chiyembekezo sichidawonongeke. Makolo kulikonse adzakhala okondwa kudziwa kuti mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo AHA ndi AAP, kuphatikizapo World Health Organization (WHO), athandiza kuthetsa kunenepa kwaunyamata.
Kulimbana polimbana ndi kunenepa kwaunyamata kumafuna kumvetsa tanthauzo lake, zifukwa, mankhwala, ndi mwayi wopewa.
Kodi Kunenepa Kwambiri kwa Ana Kumatanthauza Chiyani?
Kwa ana omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri mpaka 19, kunenepa kwambiri kumatanthawuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa thupi (BMI). A BMI kapena kuposa 95 th percentile kwa ana a msinkhu womwewo ndi kugonana amadziwika ngati ochepa. A BMI kapena pamwamba pa 85 th percentile koma oposa 95 th percentile akuganiza kuti akulowa m'gulu lolemera kwambiri.
Kwa ana omwe ali osakwana zaka ziwiri, pakalipano palibe kulimbikitsidwa kwa dziko lonse ndikuvomerezedwa pakutanthauza kunenepa kwambiri.
Kodi Vuto la Umoyo Wopanda Ubwana N'chiyani?
Pali zoopsa zambiri komanso zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana, panthaŵi yochepa komanso yayitali.
Ana omwe ali ochepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto la magazi (hypertension) ndi mkulu wa cholesterol, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima m'tsogolo (matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, kuphatikizapo mitsempha ya magazi yomwe imapereka ubongo).
Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wina, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya ana ovuta kwambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chimodzi cha matenda a mtima.
Ana omwe ali ochepa kwambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chochuluka chokhala ndi shuga ya mtundu wa 2 . Ndipotu, kuwonjezeka kwa mtundu wa shuga 2 mwa ana kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri pakati pa achipatala, monga "matenda a shuga aunyamata" ankawoneka kuti ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa shuga.
Tsopano, pakuwonjezeka kwa ubwana waunyamata, pakhala pali kuphulika kwamtheradi mu mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2 mwa ana. Popeza matenda a shuga ndi owopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, izi ndizo matenda ena omwe amakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo, ana omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto lopuma, monga mphumu ndi kuperewera kwa kugona tulo . Ana awa amakhalanso ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda a chiwindi omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiwindi pakapita nthawi.
Pomalizira pake, akatswiri ambiri adanena kuti kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri muunyamata nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kunenepa pokhala wamkulu.
Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Ana Kukhala Ochepa Kwambiri?
N'zosatheka kufotokozera chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha mliri wa kunenepa kwaunyamata. M'malo mwake, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zowonjezera ndizosewera.
Kafukufuku angapo apenda zifukwa zowonjezera mitengo ya kunenepa kwaunyamata-ndi maphunziro ochuluka omwe akupitirira. Kukhala ndi moyo wochuluka kwambiri kwapezeka kuti wapezeka m'maphunziro ambiri.
Ndipo kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ana omwe amawonera kanema kwa nthawi yayitali pa ola limodzi amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha thupi lapamwamba (BMI) komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ofufuza asonyeza kuti nthawi yochuluka yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito patsogolo pa televizioni imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosayenera zosankha za zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kenaka kuwonjezeka kwa mtima.
Kuperewera kwa mapulogalamu azaumoyo komanso nthawi yomwe amapatsidwa kuti azitha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa nthawi ya sukuluyi yakhala ikuphatikizapo kukula kwa ubwana ndi unyamata wochulukirapo. Kuwonjezera pa kunenepa kwambiri, palinso zifukwa zambiri zowonongeka pazochitika zathupi ndizofunikira kwambiri; Mankhwala ochepa thupi amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Zakudya zoperewera za zakudya zamakono zokhudzana ndi kalori zakhala zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwaunyamata. Kafukufuku ambiri apeza mgwirizano pakati pa makhalidwe enaake monga kudya zakumwa za shuga-ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kudya kwa zakumwa zotsekemera kwasangalatsidwa kwambiri ndipo kafukufuku wanena mozama za mgwirizano pakati pa kudya ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mwa ana ndi akulu. Kuonjezera apo, madokotala ambiri amadziwa kuti ngati ana olemera kwambiri komanso olemera kwambiri amatsatira malangizo awo pofuna kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kumwa zakumwa zakumwa shuga, amatha kulemera.
Kumbukirani kuti gulu la zakumwa za shuga zimaphatikizapo zakumwa zofewa komanso zipatso zakumwa ndi madzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi shuga zambiri. Ndipotu, kudyedwa kwa zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa za shuga kwaonedwa kuti ndi koopsa kwambiri kwa thanzi la ana komanso chifukwa chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri, kuti mizinda ingapo yakhala ikupereka misonkho yowonjezera kapena machenjezo pa iwo.
Palinso ziwalo zomwe zimayambira pakukula kwaunyamata, zambiri zomwe zikufufuzidwa tsopano. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi atulukira kuti fini ya FTO ingakhale ndi chizoloŵezi chodyera kudya ndi kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa achinyamata.
Kusamalira Ubwana Wolemera Kwambiri
Kukhala ndi mwana akudziwidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndikovuta kwa kholo lirilonse. Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala wolemera kwambiri kapena wochuluka kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana zakukhosi kwanu ndi mwana wanu wachinyamata ndikupempha thandizo. Iwo akhoza kupereka njira zomwe zingayambitse kulemera kwa thupi ndi zomwe ziri zoyenerera kwa mwana wanu ndi mkhalidwe wanu.
Ngati mwana wanu akudziwitsani kuti ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mukhoza kumagwira naye ntchito yabwino kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku-makamaka ngati alibe maphunziro a kusukulu-komanso kulimbikitsa kudya wathanzi zizoloŵezi. (Izi zikuphatikizapo kutenga njira zothandizira miyambo yathanzi pa maholide omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi shuga, monga Halloween ndi Pasitala, ndipo zimachititsa kuti anthu azidya kunyumba nthawi zambiri.)
Musadere mphamvu yakudya chakudya chophika kunyumba pakhomo la banja. Sikuti izi zimalimbikitsa nthawi yabwino ndi ana anu, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza mobwerezabwereza kuti pali madalitso ochuluka omwe angapindule mwa kudya kunyumba.
Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku woperekedwa ku msonkhano wa AHA wa 2015 ku Orlando, ofufuza omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Geng Zong, PhD, anzawo a kafukufuku ku Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health ku Boston, adapeza kuti anthu omwe amadya chakudya chamadzulo 11 mpaka 14 Odyera okonzekera panyumba mlungu uliwonse anali ndi 13 peresenti yochepetsetsa kwambiri yowonjezera kunenepa ndi mtundu wa shuga 2 poyerekezera ndi iwo omwe adya zero mpaka madyerero asanu ndi limodzi omwe adakonzedwa kunyumba.
Maphunziro ena adagwirizanitsa kudya kunja kwa nyumba, makamaka chakudya chofulumira, kupitirira kunenepa ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Malinga ndi lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pogwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), ana oposa atatu pa ana atatu aliwonse akudya chakudya chofulumira tsiku lililonse.
Monga momwe CDC imanenera, "Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cholimbitsa thupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu." Kusankha zakudya zopanda thanzi ndi zakudya zokhudzana ndi calorie zakhudzana kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwaunyamata. Kuonjezera apo, chakudya chofulumira chimadziwika kukhala ndi mafuta olemera kwambiri a sodium ndi odzaza, omwe angapangitse kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a mtima pa nthawi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zakudya zophikidwa panyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zakudya zapamwamba komanso mafuta ochepa kwambiri. Pa kafukufuku wina wa anthu pafupifupi 10,000 ku NHANES kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2010, ofufuza anapeza kuti "kuphika chakudya mobwerezabwereza kunyumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kudya chakudya chamtundu uliwonse kaya akuyesera kuchepetsa thupi."
Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe alipo tsopano chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa moyo, izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala otsutsana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso opaleshoni ya bariatric (kulemera-kupweteka). Ngakhale kuti moyo umasintha, monga chakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndizoyambanso mankhwala onse, izi ndizofunikira kwa ana. Ana akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera kwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, nkofunika kukambirana zonse zomwe zingatheke komanso njira zabwino kwambiri kwa mwana wanu ndi ana awo.
Mawu Ochokera
Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi kochiritsidwa ndipo, popatsidwa chiwerengero cha ana kudutsa m'dziko lonse lapansi ndi padziko lonse lapansi amene amapezeka kuti ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, sikuti nokha mukulimbana nawo.
Ngakhale zitapereka kudzipatulira ndi kuleza mtima kuti zikhazikike ndikutsatira ndondomeko yothandizira mwana wanu kuti agonjetse ndikumaliza kugonjetsa kunenepa kwambiri, zidzathera kwambiri pamapeto pake, kukhazikitsa tsogolo labwino komanso labwino kwa mwana wanu.
Zotsatira :
American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2015 Nkhani Za Tsiku Lililonse . TriStar Publishing, Inc. November 9, 2015.
Micali N, Field AE, Chuma cha JL, Evans DM. Kodi majeremusi omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri amagwirizana ndi kudya mowa mwauchidakwa? Kulemera Kwambiri (Silver Spring) 2015; 23: 1729-36.
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Kukula kwa ubwana ndi kunenepa kwakukulu ku United States, 2011 - 2012. JAMA. 2014; 311 (8): 806-814.
Smemo S, Tena JJ, Kim KH, Gamazon ER, et al. Zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri m'kati mwa FTO mawonekedwe othawirana ndi IRX3. Chilengedwe 2014; 507: 371-5.
Vikraman S, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Kudya kwa caloric chifukwa cha chakudya chokoma pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata ku United States, 2011 - 2012. NCHS Data Brief No. 213, September 2015. Kupezeka pa intaneti pa http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db213.htm pa September 25, 2015.