Mawu akuti "kunenepa" amaponyedwa mozungulira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina sizingakhale zomveka bwino. Kodi likutanthawuza kwa aliyense yemwe ali woposa kunenepa kapena ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kutaya? Kapena kodi zoposa izo? Chabwino, pali tanthauzo lachipatala la kunenepa kwambiri , komanso mawu akuti "kunenepa kwambiri."
M'mawu a zamankhwala, mawu akuti "kunenepa kwambiri" agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina (monga, "kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri") mofanana ndi chiganizo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito koteroko kumakhala ndi zotsatira zowonetsera kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndi gawo la matenda owonjezera-ochulukirapo pansipa.
Malingaliro a zachipatala okhutiritsa kwambiri amachokera ku chiwerengero cha mthupi (BMI). BMI imayesedwa mu magawo a kg / m 2 , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhala kutalika ndi kulemera kwa kuwerengera. Ma calculator a BMI amapezeka mosavuta kuti agwiritse ntchito, monga omwe amaperekedwa pomwe pano. Ingolani zambiri kuti mudziwe BMI yanu.
Kulemera kwambiri kumatchedwa BMI ya 25.0 - 29.9 kg / m 2 . BMI yachibadwa imatanthawuza kuti ikugwa pakati pa 18.5 ndi 24.9. Kukhala ndi BMI pansi pa 18.5 kumatanthauzira wina kukhala wochepa thupi.
Kodi Kunenepa Kwambiri N'kutani?
Monga momwe kunenepa kwambiri, tanthawuzo la zamankhwala la kunenepa kwambiri limadalira kuwerengera kwa BMI. Kuti adziwe kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi BMI ya 30.0 kapena kuposa. A BMI oposa 40.0 kapena ochuluka amatchulidwa kuti "kunenepa kwambiri," ndipo akulimbikitsidwa ndi ndondomeko za dziko ngati njira yochezera odwala omwe angathe kulandira opaleshoni.
Kuyenera kudziŵika, ndithudi, kuti othamanga ena omwe ali ndi minofu kwambiri akhoza kukhala ndi BMI yapamwamba yomwe imakhala chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa minofu m'malo mwa mafuta a thupi. Momwemonso, BMI inakonzedwa kuti ikhale mbali yaikulu yowunika kuchipatala.
N'chifukwa Chiyani N'kofunika?
Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti mwayi wa thanzi labwino (mwa matenda monga matenda a khansa, matenda a mtima , matenda obwera chifukwa cha kugona, matenda a shuga , kuthamanga kwa magazi , ndi ena), kuphatikizapo kufa kwa msanga, kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumawonjezeka.
Ndipo chithandizo cha kachipatala cha kunenepa kwambiri (BMI ya 30.0 kapena kuposerapo) imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti mudziwe zoyenera kuchita.
Palinso zotsatira za inshuwalansi ndi momwe mankhwala angatengedwe kuti ndizofunika kuchipatala. Mu 2013, American Medical Association (AMA) inalengeza kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda, kuvomereza "kuchuluka kwaumphawi ndi zachuma zomwe zimakhudza kunenepa kwambiri monga kufuna thandizo lachipatala, kufufuza, ndi maphunziro a matenda ena akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi."
Komanso mu 2013, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, ndi The Obesity Society zinatulutsanso malangizo atsopano, omwe amayembekezeretsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, omwe anafalitsidwa monga "2013 ACCF / AHA / TOS Guide for Management of overweight and obesity in Adult. "
Cholinga cha kuvomereza kuti matenda odwala kwambiri ndi odwala matenda osatha akuyembekezeka kuti azidziwitsa anthu za vutoli komanso kuthandizira ndondomeko m'madera onse. Okonza malangizowo angaganize kuti akufunika kwambiri kusonkhanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso njira zothandizira anthu, pamene ochita nawo malonda angakhale otha kubwezera madokotala ndi ena othandizira zachipatala kuti azitha kuchiza ndi kuteteza kunenepa kwambiri ngati matenda.
Pofika ku Centers for Medicare ndi Medicaid Services (CMS), kunenepa kwakhala kugawidwa ngati matenda aakulu kuyambira 2004. Kuyambira pa November 29, 2011, Medicare yadzaza mtengo wa mankhwala ochizira odwala omwe akudziwika kuti ndi olemera kwambiri. Izi zikhonza kukhala ndi kuyang'ana ndi BMI ndi chiuno chozungulira, kufufuza zakudya, ndi njira zowonongeka zamakhalidwe. Kuphatikizidwa kwa opaleshoni ya bariatric kumapezekanso pazifukwa zina.
Kuwerenga pansi pazinthu zaumwini zaumoyo kungakhale kosiyana; Komabe, pansi pa 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA), ndondomeko zatsopano za umoyo zimayenera kubisa ntchito zothandizira zomwe zimayikidwa "A" (zowonjezedwa) kapena "B" (akulimbikitsidwa) ndi US Prestective Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Kuwonetsa kunenepa kwapatsidwa "uphungu" kwa akuluakulu ndi ana ndi USPSTF, ndipo motero mipangidwe yatsopano yaumoyo idzafunikanso kubisala kuyang'ana kunenepa, komwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kawirikawiri imayamba ndi kuyang'ana kwa BMI ndipo kungaphatikizepo chiuno chozungulira ndi zakudya kuyesa. Kuonjezera kwina ndi dongosolo la thanzi la zofuna zina zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwamtundu wautetezo, komanso zowonjezera, komabe, zidzasintha mosiyana. Ena a inshuwalansi, amapereka uphungu wothandizira foni, pamene ena amapereka chithandizo chopatsa thanzi kapena kutumiza ku maselo othandizira kulemera kwa thupi monga Weight Watchers.
Zotsatira
American Medical Association Nyumba ya Osonkhana: Kuthetsa 420 - Kuzindikiritsidwa Kwambiri Kwambiri Monga Matenda . Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, ndi al.
2013 AHA / ACC / TOS Malangizo Otsogolera Otsogolera Kuchuluka Kwambiri Ndi Kulemera kwa Okalamba: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines ndi The Obesity Society [yofalitsidwa pa Intaneti pa November 27, 2013]. Kudutsa.
Benson SS. Kunenepa kwambiri ku Tennessee: Cholinga cha Ndondomeko ya Kulemba Kunenepa Kwambiri Monga "Matenda." Tennessee Medicine. January 2014; 27-30.