Kusiyana pakati pa kutanthauzira kwachipatala kwa "kupitirira muyeso" ndi "kunenepa kwambiri" kumadalira kokha mthupi la mthupi (BMI), koma kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunenepa kwambiri? Akatswiri ayamba kuganiza choncho, ndipo, ngati zowona, izi zingathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake njira zina zowonongeka zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu ena osati kwa ena.
Kusiyana pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri
Monga tanena kale, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito tanthawuzo lachipatala lochokera ku BMI okha.
Kuchulukitsa kwambiri kumatchedwa BMI ya 25.0 mpaka 29.9 kg / m 2 . Kuti adziwe kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi BMI ya 30.0 kapena kuposa. (Kawirikawiri BMI ili pakati pa 18.5 ndi 24.9.)
A BMI oposa 40.0 kapena ochuluka amatchulidwa kuti "kunenepa kwambiri," ndipo akulimbikitsidwa ndi ndondomeko za dziko ngati njira yochezera odwala omwe angathe kulandira opaleshoni.
Mudzazindikira kuti kusiyana kumeneku, ngakhale kofunikira pazinthu zachipatala, musaganizire china chilichonse kuposa BMI. Koma akatswiri ambiri tsopano akuyang'ana kupyolera mu BMI kuti athandizidwe kutanthauzira kunenepa kwambiri-ndi momwe angachitire.
Kodi Pali Mitundu Yokwanira Kwambiri?
Akatswiri olemera kwambiri amaoneka kuti amasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe amachitira kunenepa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma chinthu chimodzi chimene amavomereza ndi chakuti palibe mtundu umodzi wokhwima kunenepa.
Wofufuza wina, Dr Lee Kaplan, Mkulu wa Zofooka, Metabolism ndi Nutrition Institute ku Massachusetts General Hospital, adauza nyuzipepala ya New York Times mu 2016 kuti adawerenga mitundu 59 ya kunenepa kwambiri mpaka pano.
Popeza kuti ma jini oposa 25 ali ndi zizindikiro zokhutira kwambiri pakalipano atsegulidwa, mwina sizodabwitsa kuti padzakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunenepa kwambiri komwe ingayesetse. Mwachidwi, FTO gene yadziwika m'zaka zaposachedwa monga kukhala ndi mgwirizano wodalirika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma ena akuwoneka kuti akusewera nawo.
Pakhala pakhala pali chibadwa chogwirizana ndi kudya mowa kwambiri komwe kwapezeka.
Kafukufuku wina, wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Public Health mu 2015, adanena kuti pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya kunenepa kwambiri. Mu phunziroli, openda ayang'ana ma data omwe adasonkhanitsidwa ku Yorkshire Health Study pakati pa zaka za 2010 ndi 2012.
Ophunzirawo anatumizidwa mafunso oyendetsa kafukufuku ndi akuluakulu awo, ndipo, ponseponse, chiwerengero cha anthu 27,806 chinasonkhanitsidwa, omwe 4,144 anakumana ndi tanthauzo lachipatala la kunenepa kwambiri ndi BMI ya 30 kapena kuposa.
Kafukufukuyu anafunsa mafunso okhudza zaka, kugonana, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi thanzi. Umoyo wokhudzana ndi thanzi unayanjananso. Ophunzirawo adafunsidwa pazinthu monga kusuta fodya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kumwa mowa.
Ofufuzawa anagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kuti afotokoze magulu a anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri omwe anali ndi makhalidwe osiyana ndi a BMI okha. Potero, iwo anatsimikiza kuti panali umboni wokwanira kuti adziwe zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatirazi, onse omwe ali ndi BMI ya 30 kapena kuposa:
- "Amuna oledzera" amuna
- Achinyamata, athanzi achikazi
- Olemera, okalamba wathanzi
- Amadwala koma amasangalala achikulire
- Osasangalala, oda nkhawa pakati pa zaka zapakati
- Amene ali ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri
Ndiye kodi ochita kafukufukuwa anachita zotani? Kuti pali magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu okhwima kwambiri, komanso kuti "ndikofunika kuyankha" chifukwa cha kusiyana kumeneku "mwa anthu omwe ali ochepa kwambiri." Anapitiriza kunena kuti kuzindikira kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale ndi zofunikira pazochita zothandizira ndi zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko cholinga chofuna kuwunikira ndi kuchiza kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa njira yofanana "yofanana-zonse" sizingagwire ntchito.
Mwina, mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwakumwa mowa kwambiri (chifukwa cha mowa) ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri m'gulu loyamba la amuna omwe tawatchula pamwambapa; ngati ndi choncho, kumwa moyenera kumayenera kuchitidwa ndikutsatiridwa ngati gawo limodzi la khama kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri.
Njira yomweyi siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku gulu lachiwiri la achinyamata, athanzi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, omwe mwina ali ndi zifukwa zosiyana kwambiri (kapena zifukwa) zowonjezera kunenepa, kotero iwo amafunika njira zosiyana, ndi zina zotero pansi .
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti njirayi, yomwe yayitali kwambiri ya magulu asanu ndi limodzi, inali yachiwiri, ya achinyamata, athanzi. Awa ndi amayi omwe ankamwa mowa mopitirira pang'ono kusiyana ndi anthu a magulu ena ndipo anali ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri.
Amafunika Njira Zosiyana Zolimbitsa Kuwonongeka
Ngati palibe kanthu, kudziwa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa chitukuko cha njira zosiyana zowononga.
Ngati muli ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mwina mwapeza nokha izi: Mwinamwake mwayesapo njira zingapo kapena zosiyana zowononga kale. Ngati muli ngati anthu ambiri, njira imodzi kapena imodzi mwa njirayi idalimbikitsidwa ndi mnzanu kapena dokotala, chifukwa iwo anawathandiza kapena odwala ena. Koma mwinamwake inu munapeza kuti sizinagwire ntchito kwa inu, ngakhale mutapereka bwino kwambiri.
Chabwino, mmalo mochita manyazi kuti "simungathe" kulemera, tsopano mutha kupeza chitonthozo podziwa kuti, ndi mitundu yonse ya kunenepa kwambiri komwe kungakhale kunja uko, zomwe zimagwirira ntchito wina sizingagwire ntchito kwa inu, ndipo Si chifukwa chanu chimene sichigwira ntchito.
Mfundo ndiyomwe mukuyesera mpaka mutapeza zomwe zikukugwiritsani ntchito, chifukwa ambiri a anthu, kaya akhale olemera kwambiri, angathe kulemera-kachiwiri, atapatsidwa kuti apeze kulemera kwabwino koyandikira amawachitira ntchito.
Njira zowonongekazi zimabwera m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana, ndi zonse kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana zowonjezereka za mankhwala kwa opaleshoni ya bariatric.
Onsewo ayambe ndi kutha ndi zakudya zabwino, komabe onetsetsani kuti musachoke. Potsatira ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri za kudya zakudya zathanzi , sizingowonjezerani kuti mukupita kunyanjemera, koma mosasamala kanthu kuti mutaya kulemera kotani, mungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ena odwala monga matenda a mtima, shuga, ndi khansa . Choncho kudya koyenera ndikofunika kwambiri.
Mofananamo, kuchitapo kanthu nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti kulemera kwake kumatayika bwanji, kumatengera thupi lanu lonse-ndi malingaliro anu-mubwino kwambiri, ndipo mudzatuta phindu panthawiyi, ngati kuti mwachepetseka kuipa kofanana osewera: matenda a mtima, shuga, khansara, ndi matenda ena aakulu.
Komanso musaiwale kufunika kokhala ndi tulo tosangalatsa usiku , zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zonse zosungira thanzi. Sikuti kungogona kugona mokwanira pokhapokha kuthandizira kuchepa kwa thupi ndikupewanso kulemera, komabe kumakuthandizani kulimbana bwino ndi nkhawa. Kugona mokwanira n'kofunikanso, tsopano tikudziwa, pofuna kupewa matenda a mtima.
Kotero zonsezi zimaphika kuti uzidziyang'anira bwino. Chitani zimenezo, ndipo ena onse adzabwera.
> Zotsatira:
> Green MA, Strong M, Razak F, Subramanian SV, et al. Kodi obisala ndi ati? Kusanthula kwa masango kuyang'ana magulu a olemera kwambiri. Journal of Public Health 2015.
> Lordan G, Pakrashi D. Chitani zochitika zonse "kuyeza" mofanana? Zosiyana ndi zochitika za thupi zimakhala zosiyana ndi zowonongeka za kulemera. Kuopsa Kwambiri . 2015 May 20.
> Smemo S, Tena JJ, Kim KH, Gamazon ER, et al. Zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri m'kati mwa FTO mawonekedwe othawirana ndi IRX3. Chilengedwe 2014; 507: 371-5.
> St-Onge M, O'Keeffe M, Roberts AL, RoyChoudhury A, et al. Kugona kwa nthawi yayitali, kupatsirana kwa shuga ndi mahomoni okhudzana ndi njala pakati pa abambo ndi amai. Kugona. 2012; 35: 1503-10.