Malingaliro omwe inu muli nawo omwe mumadya amatanthauza akulu ndi ana mofanana. Ndizoona zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya zakudya zomwe timadya komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe timadya. Kuphatikizana kungakhale ndi zotsatira zofunikira pa thanzi ndi kulemera kwa thupi, kwabwino kapena koipa.
Zitsanzo Zowonjezera Kuopsa kwa Ubwana Wolemera
Ana omwe ali ndi zakudya zolakwika, nthawi zambiri pamene alibe njala (chifukwa cha zifukwa), ndi kudya zakudya zambiri zopanda thanzi zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutaya.
Mipangidwe yeniyeni yomwe imapweteka:
- Kudya chakudya chosala kudya ndi chakudya chambiri. Chifukwa cha mafuta, mchere, ndi shuga komanso zakudya zamtundu wapatali-chakudya chokhazikika cha chakudya chofunikira kumapatsa mwana mphindi yofulumira kulemera. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali. Pa kafukufuku wokhudza ana 1,203, ofufuza a ku UK adapeza kuti omwe ali ndi mafuta olemera kwambiri a zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (2) mpaka 4 nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera kwambiri kuposa zaka khumi ndi zisanu (9) kuposa anzawo omwe ali ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri.
- Kutumikira mbali zazikulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, pamene ana amatumizidwa kwambiri, amadya zambiri. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wochokera ku Baylor College of Medicine anapeza kuti kuwirikiza kawiri mapangidwe a ana a sukulu ndi zakudya zopanda phindu pa ola limodzi la maola 24 kunachulukitsa zakudya zamakono ndi 23 peresenti. Zakudya zowonjezerazi zitha kuwonjezera pa mapaundi owonjezera.
- Kumwa madzi ambiri ndi sodas. Zakumwa-zotsekemera zotsekemera zimanyamula zakudya zambiri ndipo sizidzazaza ana momwe chakudya chimakhalira. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufuku wapeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa zakumwa za shuga ndi kulemera. Mu phunziro la 2013 lomwe likuphatikizapo ana 9,600 pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 5, ofufuza a University of Virginia School of Medicine adapeza kuti iwo omwe adya zakumwa zakumwa shuga nthawi zonse ali ndi zaka zisanu, 43 peresenti yochulukirapo kuposa obwenzi awo omwe anasiya zakumwa zakumwa za shuga.
Zitsanzo Zomwe Zimachepetsa Kuopsa kwa Ubwana Wolemera
Kuthandizira kwambiri zakudya zabwino-ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, mbewu zonse, nyemba ndi nyemba, mapuloteni owonda, zakudya za mkaka, mafuta a mtedza, ndi nthanga - potumikira kukula kwa msinkhu wa mwana ndi ntchito zake zidzakulitsa mwayi kapena iye adzasunga kulemera kwathanzi tsopano ndi mtsogolo.
Maonekedwe enieni omwe amathandiza:
- Kudya chakudya cham'mawa. Kudya chakudya cham'mawa ndi njira yabwino yothetsera tsiku: Zimathandizira thupi ndi maganizo, kuteteza kudya masana, ndi kukhazikitsa zakudya zabwino tsiku lonse. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufuku wapeza kuti achinyamata omwe amadya chakudya cham'mawa tsiku ndi tsiku sakhala olemera kwambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri.
- Kudya zakudya zambiri zochokera ku zomera. Izi zikutanthauza zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nyemba, mbewu zonse, mtedza, ndi mbewu-zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino, kudzaza, komanso zakudya zochepa zomwe zimadyetsedwa bwino. Pa kafukufuku waposachedwapa okhudza ana 3,911, ofufuza anafufuza momwe thupi lawo linakhalira ali ndi zaka 9 ndi 11 ndipo adayesa kudya kwawo pakati. Ana omwe amadya mkate wochuluka kwambiri, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba anali ndi mafuta ochepa thupi kuposa nthawi yomwe ana omwe amadya zakudya zambiri ndi zakumwa zofewa. Mofananamo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Italy anapeza kuti ana, a zaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 10, omwe ali ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu zonse ali ndi 31 peresenti yochepa yochepetsetsa kapena yowonjezera.
- Kulola ana kusankha momwe angadye. Pamene ana aloledwa kudya mpaka atakhala okwanira, m'malo molimbikitsidwa kutsuka mbale zawo, zimathandiza kuti azikhala ndi chilakolako cha njala ndi thupi lawo. Izi zingawathandize kupewa chizolowezi chodyera, chomwe chingabweretse kulemera kolemetsa.
- Kukhala ndi chakudya cham'banja nthawi zonse. Ana ndi achinyamata omwe amadya zakudya zambiri pamodzi ndi mabanja awo amadya chakudya chamtendere, chomwe chingachepetse chiopsezo chawo chokhala olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kapena kukonza zovuta za zakudya, kafukufuku akusonyeza. Chimake ndi: Zakudya zathanzi ziyenera kutumikiridwa ndipo malo oyenera kukhazikika ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kudya chakudya chofulumira monga banja kapena kuwonerera TV panthawi ya chakudya kungachepetse zotsatira zothandiza izi.
Zotsatira:
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DeBoer MD, Scharf RJ, Demmer RT. Zakumwa zonunkhira komanso kulemera kwa ana a zaka ziwiri mpaka 5. Matenda, September 2013; 132 (3): 413-20.
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Martin-Biggers J, Spaccarotella K, Berhaupt-Glickstein A, Hongu N, Worobey J, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Bwerani mutenge! Kukambitsirana za mabuku a nthawi ya chakudya cha pabanja ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo pa Nutrition, May 14, 2014; 5 (3): 235-47.
Pala V, Lissner L, A Hebestreit A, Lanfer A, Sieri S, Siani A, Huybrechts I, Kambek L, Molnar D, Tornaritis M, Moreno L, Ahrens W, Krogh V. Zakudya komanso kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali m'thupi la ana a ku Ulaya : phunziro lotsatira pa gulu la mulingo wa IDEFICS. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, October 2013; 67 (10): 1042-9.
Smith AD, Emmett PM, Newby PK, Northstone K. Zakudya komanso kusintha kwa thupi pakati pa zaka 9 ndi 11. Chakudya & Chakudya Research, July 8, 2014; 58.