Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa kungathandize kupewa kuvulaza kwambiri
N'chifukwa chiyani anthu okalamba amagwa? Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza, kusaganizira bwino kapena kusinthasintha sikungakhale kulakwa, malinga ndi kuchititsa kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya Simon Fraser yotulutsidwa mu 2012.
Phunzirolo, lofalitsidwa mu The Lancet , ndilo loyamba kugwiritsa ntchito deta yamakina a digito kuchokera makamera otsekedwa omwe amaikidwa muzipatala za nthawi yaitali . Makamerawa anaikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana monga zipinda zodyeramo ndi nyumba za anthu osungirako okalamba awiri ku British Columbia, okhala ndi chilolezo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso ogwira ntchito.
Cholinga cha kafukufuku, malinga ndi mlembi wamkulu Stefano Robinovitch, chinali choti adziwe chomwe chinapangitsa kuti kugwa kulikonse kuchitike, m'malo modalira pa mafunso kapena zozidziwitsa okha pambuyo powerenga, monga momwe maphunziro apitalo achitira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu 227 mwa anthu okwana 130 anagwidwa pavidiyo, ndipo anayesedwa ndi gulu la Robinovitch ku yunivesite ya Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory.
"Ichi ndi phunziro loyamba kuti tipeze umboni weniweni wa zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zochitika," akutero Robinovitch. "Deta yammbuyo idasonkhanitsidwa mwachidwi ndipo idalira kuti munthu adziŵe chomwe chinawachititsa kuti agwe-kapena zikumbutso za mboni ngati kulipo. Tinkafuna kuti tipeze kanema yomwe idzachita ngati bokosi lakuda pa ndege kuti tidziwe chomwe chinayambitsa kuwonongeka. "
Zoopsa za Kugwa
Kugwera kwa anthu achikulire kungakhale zoopsa, ziwerengero zimasonyeza. Ndipotu, kugwa ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chovulaza ndi kufala kwa anthu oposa 65.
Ku Canada, pafupifupi anthu 27,000 okalamba amadwala mchiuno (chaka chophwanyidwa ), ndipo amawononga ndalama zoposa $ 1B; ku US, pamakhala ma fractures 300,000 pachaka. Gawo limodzi la odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha mchiuno chidzafa chaka chimodzi, ndipo theka lidzasokonezeka kwambiri, monga kukakamizidwa kuchoka panyumba ya anthu kupita kumudzi kukakhala nawo nthawi yaitali.
Chomwe Chimachititsa Kuti Chigumula Chichitike
Ngakhale chizungulire, zotsatira za mankhwala, ndi zina zaumoyo monga arrhythmias zingapangitse kugwa, ambiri amagwa kale chifukwa anali ndi "mapepala ndi maulendo" osavuta, "anatero Robinovitch. Zomwe zimayambitsa zinayambika pofunsa mafunso akuluakulu, kapena kuchokera ku ma laboratory owonetsera, pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ang'onoang'ono. Koma izi zimayambitsa kunja, monga kudumphira pa malo osagwirizana kapena kugwira phazi pamtunda wophimba kapena woyendayenda, zimangoyambitsa mapiri 20% mu phunziro la Simon Fraser.
Zowonjezereka kwambiri zimagwa chifukwa cha zomwe ochita kafukufuku amazitcha "kusamutsidwa kosayenera kapena kusintha kwa thupi," zomwe zinapanga 41% za kugwa. Izi zinkakhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka thupi komwe kunachititsa kuti mphamvu yokoka ikhale yosasintha pamene ikuyenda kapena kuyima, ndipo chifukwa chowoneka ngati mwadzidzidzi-kapena mwadzidzidzi-kudzipangitsa-ochita kafukufuku akulongosola kuti ntchitoyi ndi "mkati". Zambiri mwazifukwazi kapena zozizwitsa zowonjezereka zinachitika panthawi yosamutsidwa kuchoka ku woyenda kupita ku mpando, kapena mosiyana.
Kuchepa kochepa chabe (3%) ya kugwa kunayambika ndi kutaya. Pamene kuyenda kutsogolo kunali chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zisanachitike kugwa, kotero anali kukhala pansi ndi kuyima mwakachetechete.
Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito Nthawi Yokometsera Kugwa
Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti munthu wachikulire sangathe kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti aswe kugwa-kapena sangadziwe kuti akugwa mpaka kuchedwa kwambiri kuti asateteze-ofufuza anapeza kuti sizinali choncho.
Robinovitch akuti, "Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya maphwandowa anaphatikizapo," koma sizinathandize. Mwanjira ina, iyi ndi uthenga wabwino: anthu amakhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka, komanso kuzindikira kuti akugwa, choncho manja amatha. Vuto ndilokuti kuchita sikuswa mathithi awo, omwe angagwirizane ndi kupanda mphamvu kwa minofu m'thupi lawo. "
Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kuteteza Falls
Kukhala ndi chidziwitso chotsimikizika cha zomwe zikhalidwe ndi zochita zimayambitsa kugwa kungathandize othandizira kudziwa momwe angawapezere, malinga ndi Robinovitch.
Mwachitsanzo, kanema ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza odwala, monga physiotherapists ndi opaleshoni, omwe amachititsa mavuto achikulire omwe ali ndi zovuta kapena zoyendetsa bwino, ndikuthandiza kuyankha funso, "chifukwa chiyani kugwa kwanga kukugwera?" Ndipo popeza kugwa kwakukulu kunachitika ngati munthu akuchoka pampando kuti akakhale pa mpando, kapena atayima pa mpando kuti agwiritse ntchito woyendayenda, akuganiza kuti zipangizo zoterezi zimasinthidwa kuti zisinthe mosavuta.
Kafukufuku wina wafunikanso kukhazikitsanso anthu oyendayenda, pamodzi ndi maphunziro abwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mosamala. Kuyambira mu 2009, anthu omwe amaloledwa kupita ku maofesiwa akuwonetsa kuti anthu oposa 47,000 amathandizidwa chaka chilichonse ku United States chifukwa cha kugwa kwagwera ndi miyendo. Wofufuza kafukufuku, ndi katswiri wa matenda odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Judy A. Stevens akulemba kuti 87 peresenti ya ngozizi zimayenda ndi oyenda-ndi amayi omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chokwanira m'zaka zonse. Phunzirolo, lofalitsidwa mu Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , linapezanso kuti 60% ya kuvulala kwachitika pakhomo ndipo ndi 16 peresenti yokha ya nyumba zaukhondo.
Stefan Robinovitch akuwonetseratu kuti deta yake ingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kukonzanso zida zomangamanga m'zaka zam'tsogolo zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo zinthu monga zipangizo zochepetsera. Gulu lake likufufuza ngati kugwiritsira ntchito khungu lakuda pansi pa vinylini lapalasi lachipatala limateteza kuti anthu asamavulale kwambiri pamene kugwa kukuchitika.
"Pang'ono ndi pang'ono timakhala ndi deta yozama, yomwe imakhala yovuta, komanso momwe ingapeweretsere."
Zotsatira:
Mapiko ndi Fractures. US National Institutes of Health National Institute pa Nkhani Zakalamba Zakukalamba.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/falls-and-fractures
Judy A. Stevens, Karen Thomas, Leesia Teh, Arlene I. Greenspan. Kuvulala kosachita Mwadzidzidzi Kosakanikirana ndi Oyendayenda ndi Mayesero Okalamba Achikulire Omwe Amachitikira M'zinthu Zoopsa za US. " Journal ya American Geriatrics Society Volume 57, Issue 8, tsamba 1464-1469, August 2009.
Stephen N Robinovitch, Fabio Feldman, Yang Yangji, Rebecca Schonnop, Pet Ming Lueng, Thiago Sarraf, Joanie Sims-Gould, ndi Marie Loughin. "Kujambula mavidiyo pa zochitika za kugwa kwa anthu okalamba omwe akukhalapo nthawi yaitali: phunziro lochita chidwi." Lancet , Early Publication, 17 October 2012. doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (12) 61263