Mtundu wa shuga 2

Chidule cha mtundu wa shuga 2

Mtundu wa shuga wa 2 ndi matenda opitirira, omwe amakhala okhudzana ndi mavuto a thupi lanu ndi shuga ya magazi. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutupa kwachibadwa. Mapangidwe anu amapanga hormone insulin kuti isinthe shuga (shuga) ku mphamvu zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo kapena kusunga. Ndi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito insulini moyenera. Ngakhale thupi lanu limatulutsa mahomoni, mwina sichikwanira kuti mupitirize kuchuluka kwa shuga m'dongosolo lanu, kapena kuti insulini yopangidwa siidagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso imayenera kukhala, yomwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri ma shuga a magazi .

Ngakhale kuti izi zingathe kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavuto, kuyesetsa kwabwino koyambitsa shuga kungathandize kuwateteza. Izi zimadalira kwambiri kusintha kwa moyo monga kuchepa kwa thupi, kusintha kwa zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso nthawi zina mankhwala. Koma, malingana ndi msinkhu wanu, kulemera kwake, msinkhu wa shuga wa magazi, ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji mukudwala matenda a shuga, simungafunike mankhwala pomwepo. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala choyenera kwa inu ndipo, ngakhale kupeza phindu langwiro kungatenge kanthawi pang'ono, kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, labwino ndi matenda a shuga.

• Zinthu 5 Zomwe Muyenera Kuziganizira Posankha Wotopolinologist Wanu

• Kufufuza mitundu 4 ya shuga

Nchiyani Chimachititsa Mtundu Wachiwiri wa Shuga?

Mtundu wa shuga wamtundu wa 2 ndi wofala kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi matenda olemera kwambiri, omwe ali olemera kwambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wambiri, amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi / kapena amakhala ndi insulin chifukwa cholemera kwambiri. Anthu amtundu wina amakhala ndi matenda a shuga, nawonso. Izi zikuphatikizapo: African American, Mexican America, Amwenye Achimereka, Achimwenye a Hawaii, Achilumba cha Pacific, ndi Asiya Achimerika. Anthuwa amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Pamene mukulamba, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a shuga.

Zakudya zosavuta komanso kusuta zingasokonezenso chiopsezo chanu.

Kodi Matenda a Mtundu Wachiwiri Ndi Chiyani?

Pali mavuto ambiri a shuga. Kudziwa ndi kumvetsa zizindikiro za mavutowa ndizofunikira. Ngati atagwidwa mofulumira, ena mwa mavutowa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndikupewa kuti asaipire. Njira yabwino yopezera mavuto a shuga ndi kusunga shuga wanu mwazi bwino. Mankhwala apamwamba a shuga amatulutsa kusintha kwa mitsempha ya magazi okha, komanso m'magazi (makamaka erythrocytes) omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asatulukire ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.

Zovuta za matenda a shuga zimasweka m'magulu awiri: microvascular (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi) ndi macrovascular (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yambiri yamagazi). Zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Matenda a impso (nephropathy)
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (neuropathy), yomwe imakhala yowonongeka pamapazi ndi manja, koma ikhozanso kuyambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo
• Matenda a m'maso (retinopathy)
• Matenda a m'mimba (matenda omwe amakhudza ziwiya m'munsi ndi kumtunda)

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a mtima
• Gastroparesis (kuwononga mitsempha m'mimba)
• Kusokonezeka maganizo

Kodi Zizindikiro za mtundu wa shuga 2 ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri anthu samakhala ndi zizindikiro za shuga mpaka shuga lawo lapamwamba kwambiri. Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga ndi monga: njala yowonjezereka, kuwonjezeka kwamadzi, kuwonjezeka kwa njala, kutopa kwakukulu, kusowa ndi kupweteka kumapeto (mikono ndi mapazi), kudula ndi zilonda zomwe zimachedwa kuchepetsa, komanso masomphenya olakwika. Anthu ena amakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhala zochepa, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi, khungu lowopsa, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a yisiti, kuchepa kwa erectile, ndi acanthosis nigricans (zowonongeka, "zovunda" zomwe zimapezeka m'mapanga kapena pakhungu, zomwe zimasonyeza wa insulini kukana).

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi, musanyalanyaze. Pangani nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wanu. Matenda a shuga amayamba kugwidwa, mwinamwake mungapewe mavuto.

Kodi mtundu wa shuga 2 umapezeka bwanji?

Kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kungatheke pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magazi.

Ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga, mukhale ndi zizindikiro za shuga, kapena muli ndi matenda a shuga (chizindikiro chachikulu chenicheni cha shuga), dokotala wanu adzafufuza kuti awone ngati muli ndi shuga. Dokotala wanu angathenso kufufuza kuti muwone ngati muli ndi shuga ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 45, mukhale ndi mbiri ya banja, matenda olemera kwambiri, kapena ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka pa chifukwa china. Mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufufuza matenda a shuga ndi ofanana omwe amayesedwa pofuna kufufuza matenda a shuga.

Kuyeza kusakaniza shuga m'magazi: Mayesowa amayesa shuga lanu la magazi pamene simunadye kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu. Kusuta shuga kwa magazi pamwamba pa 126 kungakhale chizindikiro cha shuga. Dokotala wanu ayambiranso kufufuza izi kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi shuga.

Yeseso ​​ya kulekerera kukhwima: Ichi ndi mayesero omwe amayang'ana momwe mumayankhira shuga. Mudzapatsidwa chitsanzo cha shuga (75 magalamu pa maola awiri). Ngati shuga lanu la magazi liri pamwamba pawunikira pambuyo pa nthawiyo, mukhoza kupezeka kuti muli ndi shuga.

Hemoglobin A1c: Mayesowa amayesa shuga lanu la magazi pa miyezi itatu.

• Kodi Heck Is Sugar Diabetes?

• Kodi Kulimbana ndi Matenda a Shuga N'kutani?

Ngati shuga lanu la magazi liri pamwamba pa 6.5 peresenti, mukhoza kuonedwa kuti muli ndi shuga.

Mayendedwe a shuga amagazi: Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchita mayeso ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za shuga-kuwonjezereka ludzu, kutopa, kuwonjezeka kukodza. Ngati shuga lanu la magazi liri pamwamba pa 200mg / dL, mukhoza kuonedwa kuti muli ndi shuga.

Ngati mulibe zizindikilo ndipo mayesero ena ali abwino, American Diabetes Association akulangiza kuti pulogalamu yatsopano ya magazi ikhale yovomerezeka.

Kodi Ndingapewe Bwanji Mtundu wa Shuga Wachiwiri?

Ngakhale simungathe kusintha, mbiri ya banja lanu, kapena fuko lanu, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zochepetsera kulemera kwanu ndi m'chiuno, kuwonjezera ntchito yanu, ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimakhala ndi fiber, masamba osakanizika, mapuloteni oonda kwambiri, ndi mafuta wathanzi akhoza kukuthandizani kuti mukhale wolemera komanso kuchepetsa chiuno chanu ndi thupi lanu (BMI). Kuchepetsa kudya kwa zakumwa zotsekemera (juisi, sodas) ndi njira yosavuta yochepetsera thupi ndikuchepetsa shuga. Ngati muli munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu yambiri ya magazi ndipo muli ndi mchere wambiri, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwa sodium; musawonjezere mchere pa chakudya chanu, werengani malemba a phukusi pa sodium yowonjezera, ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwanu chakudya mwamsanga ndi kutuluka. Musadye zakudya. M'malo mwake, yesetsani kudya zakudya zabwino, zomwe mungasangalale nazo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, pafupi mphindi 30 pa tsiku kapena 150 mphindi pa sabata, kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kulemera kwanu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pomaliza, ngati mumasuta, mukufuna kusiya. Kusuta kungapangitse chiopsezo chanu cha kudwala , kuponderezedwa kwa magazi, ndi matenda a mtima, ndipo kusiya kungathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha shuga.

Kodi Ndingatani Kuti Ndizigwiritsa Ntchito Matenda a Shuga?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, muli ndi mphamvu zowononga matenda anu. Ngakhale zikhoza kukhala zovuta kuthetsa matenda tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimathandiza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi shuga ndi zosatha. Ndikofunika kuti mulandire maphunziro ochuluka momwe mungathere kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wabwino wonse umene uli kunja uko (ndipo udzu udali woipa).

Musalole ena kukulolani kuti mukumverera ngati matenda a shuga akusonyeza kuti mukuwonongeka.

• Pezani Ophunzira: American American Diabetes Association akulangiza kuti onse omwe ali ndi shuga akulandira maphunziro a shuga odziletsa okha (DSME) powapeza ndi pambuyo pake. Mphunzitsi wovomerezeka wa shuga kapena wothandizira wathanzi oyenerera akhoza kukupatsani zipangizo zomwe mukufunikira kuti mumvetse ndi kusamalira matenda anu a shuga. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu awa amaphunzitsidwa kuti apange dongosolo lokonzedweratu lomwe limakugwiritsani ntchito. Matenda a shuga odzikonda okha ndi omwe amachititsa odwala kuti azisamalira.
• Sonkhanitsani Gulu la Zamankhwala: Kaya mwakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mwapezeka kale, pali madokotala ena omwe ali ofunika kuwona. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi dokotala wabwino woyang'anira chisamaliro . Dokotala wamtundu uwu adzakuthandizira kukonza udindo kwa madokotala ena ngati akuganiza kuti mukufunikira. Madokotala ena apakati amadwala matenda a shuga, pamene ena angakulimbikitseni kuti mupite kuchipatala cha matenda a shuga. Katswiri wina wamaphunziro otchedwa endocrinologist ndi munthu yemwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda a matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga kukhala amodzi mwa iwo.
  
  Anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuwonanso ndi ophthalmologist atatha kupeza matenda. Matenda a shuga angakhudze maso asanatululidwe. Pambuyo pa gawo loyamba, anthu aziwoneka zaka ziwiri zilizonse ngati palibe nkhani, kapena nthawi zambiri ngati alipo.
  
  Kuwonjezera apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuyesedwa mwapadera ndi katswiri wamatenda kamodzi akapeza kuti ali ndi vuto, monga kupunduka kwa mapazi, kupweteka, zilonda, zala zaminyanga, khungu lakuda, kapena misomali ya fungal.
  
  Wolemba zakudya wodzitetezera komanso / kapena wovomerezeka waphunzitsi wa shuga amakuphunzitsani momwe angadye shuga ndi kukupatsani zida zomwe mukufunikira kuti muzisamalira matenda anu a shuga.
  
  Madokotala ena omwe mungawafunire kapena kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wanuwo ngati matendawa akupita ndikuphatikizapo katswiri wa mtima (kutsimikizira kuti mtima wanu ukugwira ntchito bwino ndipo mulibe vuto linalake mumatenda anu), dokotala wamisala ( dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino mitsempha ndi nkhani zozungulira), ndi katswiri wothandizira kuti muthane ndi matenda anu.
• Kutaya Kunenepa: Ngati mukulemera kwambiri, kutaya thupi kungathandize thupi lanu kugwiritsira ntchito insulini. Ndipotu, American Diabetes Association imalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi shuga amawonongeka pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya thupi lawo, zomwe ziyenera kusintha mmene thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito insulini komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa insulini. Kuwonjezera apo, kulemera kwa thupi kungathandize kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pamodzi, kuwonjezera mphamvu, ndi kuchepetsa kugona kwa mpweya ndi cholesterol. Ikhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima.
  
  Zimene mumadya zimakhudza kwambiri matenda anu a shuga-ndi kulemera kwanu. Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zokhala ndi zamasamba , zowonda kwambiri mapuloteni, ndi mafuta wathanzi zingakuthandizeni kukonza zakudya zanu, kuchepa thupi, ndi kuchepetsa shuga.
• Kuchepetsa Katemera Wanu Wopangira Zakudya Zakudya Zam'madzi: Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kudziwa momwe mungadye zakudya zosakanikirana m'magazi. Mavitamini ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri shuga . Zakudya za m'thupi zimapezeka m'magazi, zipatso, masamba ena monga mbatata, maswiti, ndi mbewu. Kudya mitundu yabwino ya mavitamini m'thupi mwambiri kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kulemera kwanu ndi shuga lanu. Kudziwa momwe mungadziwire ndikuwerengera chakudya ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuyang'anira matenda a shuga. Kudya chakudya chokhazikika cha makapu ndi chabwino chifukwa chingakuthandizeni kuti thupi liziyenda shuga.
  
  Gawo ili lopatulira lingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa matenda anu a shuga:
  Thirani 2 Zakudya Zakudya za Shuga
  Malangizo a Dietitian ndi Maphikidwe
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Tonse timadziwa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, koma kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi n'kofunikanso pakuyendetsa shuga komanso kupewa matenda a shuga. Ndipo, ndithudi, ndi mbali yofunikira ya kuyesayesa kwanu kulemera.
  
  Sikovuta nthawi zonse kuyamba ntchito yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi , koma mukangoyamba kumene, mukhoza kudabwa ndi momwe mumasangalalira. Pezani njira yogwirizanitsa zochita zanu tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale mphindi zingapo patsiku kumapita kutali. Bungwe la American Diabetes Association limalimbikitsa kuti anthu odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi oposa 150 pa sabata iliyonse (kufalitsa masiku osachepera masiku awiri osapitirira zochitika). Simusowa kuyamba ndi izi pomwepo, komabe. Yambani ndi mphindi zisanu kapena 10 patsiku ndikuchoka kumeneko. Kuti mukhale olimbikitsidwa, mupeze bwenzi lanu, mutenge thupi lanu , kapena mugwiritse ntchito chida china choyesa chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuona patsogolo kwanu.
• Yesani Magazi Anu Shuga: Kuyezetsa shuga ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pothandiza kuthetsa matenda a shuga. Kaya mumasankha kuchita masewera olimbitsa shuga kapena kuyesa shuga wanu m'magazi ofanana tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyezetsa shuga kumakupatsani chidziwitso china ndipo kungakuthandizeni kusintha zakudya zanu ndikusintha thupi lanu kapena mankhwala anu. Kusunga shuga lanu pamagazi kudzakuthandizani kuchepetsa mavuto a shuga.
  
  Bungwe la American Diabetes Association limalimbikitsa kuti shuga ya magazi ikhale 80mg / dL-130mg / dL musanadye chakudya chochepa kapena chofanana ndi 180mg / dL maola awiri mutatha kudya. Zolinga za shuga za magazi zimadziwika payekha malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zaka, kutalika kwa matenda, matenda ena, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndinu munthu wachikulire, zolinga zanu mwina zingapo kuposa wina. Funsani dokotala wanu zolinga zomwe ziri zoyenera kwa inu.
• Dziwani Manambala Anu: Kudziwa anu ABCs-A1c, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi cholesterol-ndikofunika kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha shuga ndi kusunga matenda anu a shuga. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga amene amachititsa kuti magazi kapena cholesterol ayambe kukulirakulira, mukuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mtima ndi kupwetekedwa mtima. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani A1c anu , kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zofuna za kolesterol. Onetsetsani kuti muwasamalire ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe akutanthauza komanso chifukwa chake ali ofunikira.
• Dziwani Mankhwala Anu: Ngati muli ndi shuga, ndikofunika kudziwa ndi kumvetsa zomwe mankhwala anu amachita . Izi zingathandize kusunga shuga ndi magazi komanso kuchepetsa kutsika kwa shuga. Mankhwala ena amafunika kutengedwa ndi chakudya, kapena amachititsa kuti shuga lanu la magazi ligwe. Pali mankhwala ambiri a shuga kumeneko. Kukhala wokonda wanu yemwe angakuthandizeni. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mankhwala anu ndi okwera mtengo kapena ngati akuwopsa. Ngati mankhwala anu sakugwirani ntchito, ndiye kuti dokotala wanu angapeze mankhwala atsopano omwe angagwire ntchito bwino.
• Zindikirani Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Zakudya Zochepa za Magazi Ochepa Ndiponso Oposa: Zakudya zapamwamba kapena zazing'ono za magazi ndi zabwino kwa shuga. Nthawi zina, mchere wotsika kwambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri umatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi . Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mumvetse zizindikiro, zizindikiro, komanso chithandizo cha shuga zapamwamba komanso zazing'ono.
  
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Kwa Anthu Omwe Amadziwika Kwambiri Ndi Matenda a Shuga

Malangizo omwe ali pamwambawa ndi ofunika kwa inu. Koma ndifunikanso kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yothetsera vutoli ndikudzipereka kuti musinthe moyo wanu. Uthenga wabwino ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda otheka; gawo lovuta ndiloti muyenera kuganizira tsiku ndi tsiku. Ganizirani kupeza chithandizo-munthu yemwe mungathe kumuuza za mavuto anu-kukhala mnzanu, munthu wina wa shuga, kapena wokondedwa. Izi zingawoneke ngati zazing'ono, koma zitha kukuthandizani kuthetsa matenda a shuga kuti zisakulamulireni. Zotsatira zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi njira yoyenera pa ulendo wanu woyambirira:

• Pangani Zomwe Mungasinthe pa Moyo Wanu ndi Banja Lonse
  Zidzakhala zovuta kudya saladi ndi ndiwo zamasamba pamene aliyense pa phwando lanu amadya pizza. Sankhani kuti izi zitha kupindulitsa thanzi la banja lonse . Phunzitsani banja lanu za ubwino wodya zakudya zabwino. Tengani ana anu kugula zakudya ndi inu. Gwiritsani ntchito njirayi: Muzifuna kupanga theka la masamba anu osakaniza masamba; mapuloteni asanu ndi atatu; ndi tirigu wamtundu uliwonse kapena masamba osakaniza, monga mbatata. Gwiritsani ntchito zochitika zanu tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuphatikizapo banja lanu. Pitani mukayenda musanadye chakudya. Yendani padziwe kumapeto kwa sabata, kapena mulembetse m'kalasi lochita masewero olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mulibe ana, yesetsani kupeza ena omwe ali ndi shuga kapena abwenzi omwe angakhale ngati othandizana nawo.
• Ngati Simunayambe, Khalani ndi Ophunzira Wophunzira Shuga
  Chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. Mphunzitsi wodalirika wa shuga angakupatseni maphunziro a shuga odziletsa okha. Amadziŵa kwambiri matenda a shuga ndipo angakuthandizeni kuphunzira zinthu zovuta kapena zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukuthandizani kukhazikitsa mita yanu, ndikuphunzitseni momwe mankhwala anu amagwirira ntchito, kapena kukuthandizani kukhazikitsa dongosolo la chakudya. Mungathe kukumana nawo limodzi pa gulu limodzi kapena gulu .
• Pangani Moyo Wosavuta
  Matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala ovuta monga momwemo, chitani zomwe mungathe kuti moyo wanu ukhale wovuta. Mwachitsanzo, simukuyenera kukhala mkulu wapamwamba wophika chakudya chabwino. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zomwe zili bwino kunyumba kwanu . Ngati mutapeza mankhwala anu ovuta kukhala ovuta kapena odula, pemphani dokotala wanu asinthe. Ngati mupitirizabe kuiwala kutenga mankhwala anu , pangani njira zosavuta zokuthandizani kuti muzitenge, monga kukhazikitsa chikumbutso pa foni yanu.

Mawu Ochokera

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda aakulu omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, koma ndi otheka. Mukhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi ndi matenda a shuga ngati mutasintha moyo wathanzi. Posankha kudya zakudya zabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ndi kusiya kusuta fodya , ndikuwona madokotala anu nthawi zonse, mudzawonjezera mphamvu zanu, mukumva bwino, ndipo mwinamwake mukumva bwino.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga amakhalanso ndi zinthu zina monga kugona kwa mpweya , cholesterol wam'mwamba, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Akasintha miyoyo yawo, zizindikiro zina zimapindula kapena zimachoka. Inu muli mu mpando wa dalaivala. Mutha kuthetsa matenda a shuga.

Ndipo pitani mosavuta nokha: Nthawi zina mumatha kuchita zonse mwangwiro ndipo shuga lanu la magazi limayamba kuphulika. Chifukwa chakuti shuga ndi matenda opitirira, thupi lanu limasiya pang'onopang'ono kupanga insulini. Ngati mwakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, yesetsani kukhumudwa ngati dokotala wanu akuwonjezera mankhwala anu kapena akukambirana za insulini. Pitirizani kuchita zomwe mungathe kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

> Zotsatira:

> American Association of Diabetes Association, American Association of Diabetes Educators, ndi American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Matenda a shuga Kudzikonda okha Maphunziro ndi Thandizo mu mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri 2015. https://www.diabeteseducator.org/docs/default-source/practice/practice-resources/position-statements/dsme_joint_position_statement_2015.pdf?svvrsn=0

> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Malamulo a Zamankhwala 2016. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/Supplement_1