Zachidule za Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni ndi njira yoperekera chithandizo kudzera kutsegula m'thupi. Mwachizoloŵezi, izi zatanthawuza kupanga mankhwala osakaniza ndi kuwongolera, kapena kufufuza gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa la thupi, kupyolera mu kutengeka kwake. Kuchita opaleshoni kwasintha kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kotero kuti opaleshoni ina siyenso ikufunikanso, ndipo kupita patsogolo mofulumira kungapangitse odwala kusokonezeka ndi zambiri zatsopano zomwe zimapezeka.
Ngati mwauzidwa kuti mukufunikira opaleshoni, kapena kuti muyenera kulingalira kuti mukuchita opaleshoni, mwinamwake muli ndi mafunso ambiri ndipo mwina mukuwopsedwa ndi ndondomekoyi. Ngakhale kuti kukonzekera opaleshoni kungakhale kovuta komanso kovuta nthawi zina, choonadi ndi chakuti anthu oposa milioni a ku Amerika ali ndi opaleshoni yopambana opaleshoni mlungu uliwonse, ndipo pamene akukonzekera kuti opaleshoni ikhale yopanikizika, nthawi zambiri ndi sitepe yopititsa patsogolo thanzi labwino ndi thanzi.
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Asymmetry ya Thupi: Chifukwa Chaani Mmanja Amodzi Kapena Amatumbo Ambiri?
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Mwachidule za Opaleshoni Yopatukana Yopatulidwa Mwapadera
Kawirikawiri Amachita Opaleshoni Opaleshoni
Musanayambe kukonzekera opaleshoni yanu, muyenera kudziŵa bwino mawu ena opaleshoni opaleshoni kuti mumvetse bwino ndondomeko yanu. Nazi mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene opaleshoni ikukonzedwa:
Opaleshoni Yachilombo: Ichi ndi ndondomeko yomwe imachitidwa kuchipatala ndi kuyembekezera kuti wodwalayo akhala usiku umodzi kwa tsiku limodzi.
Opaleshoni Yamakono Kapena Tsiku Limodzi: Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala ndi kuyembekezera kuti wodwalayo adzapita kwawo atadzuka kuchokera ku anesthesia.
Opaleshoni Yachidule (Laparoscopic): Njira imeneyi ndi njira yatsopano yopangira opaleshoni, m'malo mochita opaleshoni yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yaitali. Kuchita opaleshoni kotereku kumafuna nthawi yochepa yochira kuposa njira yomweyi pogwiritsira ntchito incision yaikulu.
Opaleshoni Yoyamba / Yachibadwidwe: Njira yodzigwiritsira ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokha, yomwe imakhala yotalika kwambiri.
Opaleshoni Yopangika Kwambiri: Robot imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni , ndipo dokotala amachititsa "manja" a robot. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngakhale ngakhale kuthamanga pang'ono kungasinthe zotsatira za njirayi, pamene "dzanja" la robot likuwongolera kuposa dzanja la munthu.
Kupanga Opaleshoni: Izi ndizochita opaleshoni zomwe sizikufunika kuchipatala. Kuchita opaleshoni kumasankhidwa mwasankha ndipo kungakhale kokongoletsera, kapena kusintha kwa moyo koma osati kofunikira ndithu.
Chisankho Chochita Opaleshoni
Ngati mukuganiza opaleshoni, inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda akhoza kukhala ndi chithandizo chachipatala, kapena simungakhutire ndi maonekedwe anu.
Mwinamwake mukukumana ndi ululu womwe ukhoza kumasulidwa ndi ndondomeko, kapena moyo wanu ukhoza kutalika ndi kuthandizira opaleshoni. Zifukwa izi, ndi zina zambiri, zimatsogolera anthu kukachita opaleshoni tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kwa odwala amene sakudziwa kuti akufuna opaleshoni, kachiwiri ndi chinthu chodabwitsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyankhulana ndi dokotala wina wachiwiri kuti aone zomwe akuvomereza ngati mankhwala. Zingamveke zopanda nzeru kuwona dokotala wa opaleshoni kuti asayambe opaleshoni, koma kwa munthu amene akufuna kupeŵa opaleshoni nthawi zonse, kuyankhula ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni angakhale wochuluka pofufuza njira kusiyana ndi kukonza njira. Uthenga wabwino kwa odwala opaleshoni, kaya akufuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena akufuna njira ina, ndi Medicare, Medicaid, ndi mapulani ambiri a inshuwalansi omwe adzalipira kachiwiri.
Kwa odwala omwe sakufuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni, kunena kuti ayi kuli koyenera. Pali nthawi yomwe ndondomeko ikhoza kukhala ndi phindu, koma wodwala sakufuna kuti achite izi pazifukwa zake.
Kudziwa kuti opaleshoni ndi ufulu wa wodwala aliyense, ndipo pamene zingayambitse kusagwirizana ndi abwenzi ndi abwenzi, chisankho ndi cha wodwala kumapeto.
Kwa ena, kutenga njira yochepetsetsa ikhoza kukondedwa. Odwala ambiri amaona opaleshoni ngati njira yomaliza, osati kusankha kwawo koyamba pa chithandizo. Kwa odwalawa, mankhwala opatsirana, mankhwala, kusintha kwa moyo, ndi njira zina zowonjezera zingakhale zabwino.
Opaleshoni Yambiri
Opaleshoni kawirikawiri imasanduka magawo omwe amathandizira gulu ntchito zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa pa nthawi yake. Pali magawo atatu oyambirira:
- Preoperative ndi gawo lomwe limayambira ndi kulingalira za opaleshoni ndipo limatha mpaka ndondomekoyi.
- Gawo la ntchitoyi ndi ndondomeko yokha, kulowa mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito mpaka mutachoka.
- Gawo la postoperative liyamba pamene opaleshoni yatha ndipo chiyambi chimayamba.
Liwu lakuti perioperative limatanthawuza kuchitika konse kwa opaleshoni ndipo limaphatikizapo magawo onse atatu.
Gawo la Preoperative: Asanachitike Opaleshoni
Njira yoyamba, kapena nthawi yanu musanayambe, ndi mwayi wanu wokonzekera ndi kukonzekera kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino kuchokera ku opaleshoni yanu.
Iyi ndiyo nthawi yomwe mumapatula nthawi yopenda dokotala wabwino kwambiri pa matenda anu, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha dokotala yemwe angathe kuchita opaleshoni yanu.
Mudzaonana ndi dokotala wanu opaleshoni ndi wothandizira anesthesia . Izi ndi pamene mudzapatsidwa mpata kufunsa mafunso omwe mukufunikira kuyankha kuti mupange chisankho chophunzitsidwa mutatha kuphunzira za ngozi za opaleshoni . Mungathe kukambirana za mtundu wa anesthesia omwe mudzalandira, zoopsa za anesthesia , amene akupereka, kumene opaleshoni idzachitidwa, ndi zomwe mungathe kuyembekezera mukalandira. Izi ndizonso pamene mudzafufuza njira zothandizira opaleshoni ndikudziwitsani ngati opaleshoni ndi yabwino kwa inu.
Muyeneranso kupeza nthaŵi yokonzekera ndalama kuti muyendetsere, kuonetsetsa kuti mumagwiritsa bwino ntchito inshuwalansi yanu, kukonzekera kuti mupite kuntchito, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mwakonzeka kutenga nthawi kuchokera kuntchito kapena popanda malipiro . Mungathe kugwira ntchito ndi chipatala kapena chipatala kuti mudziwe mtengo woyembekezerapo wa ndondomekoyo , onetsetsani kuti muphatikize ndalama zilizonse zosabisika zomwe sizingaphatikizidwe muyeso yoyamba-monga anesthesia-zimaganiziridwa. Inshuwalansi yanu ikhoza kulipira kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo pa malo amodzi ndi zochepa; musazengereze kuyitanira inshuwalansi wanu ndikufunsani za kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha kufalitsa. Ngati mulibe inshuwaransi , muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi chipatala ndi dokotala kuti mupange ndalama.
Kwa ena, opaleshoni imafuna kukonzekera m'maganizo. Odwala ena safunikira kukulitsa luso lolimbana ndi zofuna za opaleshoni, koma ena amafunika kugwira ntchito kuti akonzekere opaleshoni yokhayo, komanso kuti ayambe kuchipatala. Nthawi zambiri ana amafunika kuthandizidwa kukonzekera opaleshoni m'njira zomwe siziwatsogolera ku mantha ndi nkhawa, ndipo ndizoyenera zaka zawo komanso kuthekera kumvetsetsa zaumoyo.
Kupatula posankha dokotala woyenera, kukonzekera mwakuthupi kungakhale chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti odwala opaleshoni angakhoze kuchitapo kanthu kuti akhudze momwe opaleshoniyo ikuyendera bwino komanso kuti msanawo umatha msanga bwanji. Izi zikutanthauza kupititsa thanzi lanu mulimonse mmene zingathere. Kuchokera kusuta fodya ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuwongolera kuthetsa matenda a shuga , kupita opaleshoni ngati wathanzi kungathe kukhala ndi chipatala chafupipafupi, kupambana kwa nthawi yaitali, ndikufulumira kubwerera kuntchito.
Ino ndi nthawi yokonzekera kubwerera kwawo kuchokera ku opaleshoni. Izi sizingakhale zodetsa nkhaŵa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa chabe, koma kwa anthu omwe amachoka pamagulu kapena masiku angapo kuchipatala, akukonzekera kubwezeretsa kunyumba asanatuluke njirayi. Kukonzekera kwanu kudzakhala kosiyana ndi zosowa zanu. Kwa ena, zikutanthawuza kupeza sitter sitter; Kwa ena omwe ali ndi malire okweza, zikutanthauza kupeza munthu woti awathandize kunyamula zinthu; Munthu yemwe ali ndi chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto adzafuna thandizo lothandizira.
Gawo la Ntchito: Panthawi ya opaleshoni
Gawo ili la opaleshoni liri pafupi ndi anesthesia komanso njira yopaleshoni. Gawoli limayamba mukalowa mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ndikutha nthawi yomwe ndondomeko yatha ndipo anesthesia imayimitsidwa. Kukonzekera kwanu kudzalipira mu gawo la opaleshoni pamene dotolo yemwe ali katswiri wopezera chisamaliro chomwe mukusowa ndi wothandizira anesthesia amene akumvetsa zosowa zanu zapadera amachita ndondomeko yanu.
Gawo la Postoperative: Atatha Opaleshoni
Izi zikuyamba pamene ndondomeko yanu ikutha. Mudzasunthira kumalo a malo omwe mudzabwezeretsedwe kuchokera ku opaleshoni, kumene ambiri amadabwa pozindikira kuti ndondomeko yatha. Gawoli likupitirira mpaka mutachira mwambiri momwe mungathere opaleshoni. Kwa ena izo zikutanthauza kupita kunyumba ndikugona; kwa ena, kukonzanso ngati mawonekedwe a thupi komanso mankhwala othandizira ntchito.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu chomwe odwala ambiri amasonyeza asanayambe opaleshoni ndi pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ndi mantha akukumva ululu waukulu pambuyo pochitika. Mavuto oyendetsa ululu amachitidwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni, ndipo pamene ululu umakhalapo pakatha opaleshoni, pali njira zambiri zothana ndi, kuteteza, ndi kupweteka zomwe zingakuthandizeni kwambiri. Kupweteka kwa opaleshoni kumayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wochita opaleshoni, yemwe angapereke mankhwala (ngati kuli koyenera) ndi malingaliro opumula kupweteka pamene wodwala akumasulidwa.
Ululu ndi chinthu chonyenga, ndipo kupuma kokwanira n'kofunika kwambiri pofuna kuteteza chibayo, vuto lodziwika pambuyo pa opaleshoni kwa odwala omwe samapewa kukakamizika chifukwa cha ululu. Pali zina zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pakuchitidwa opaleshoni, monga kudzimbidwa, zambiri zomwe zingapewe.
Dziwani kumene mukufuna kukonzanso. Kwa ena, kumakhala kuchipatala chokonzekera kuchipatala ndi kukonza mankhwala; Kwa ena, kukhala kunyumba kwa wokondedwa kwa masiku angapo ndi thandizo lonse lomwe amafunikira. Kudziwa kuti mutenga nthawi yochuluka bwanji komanso kumene zingakwaniritsidwe kungakuthandizeni mukuyembekezera thandizo lomwe lidzafunike.
Cholinga pambuyo pa opaleshoni nthawi zambiri chimabwerera kuntchito yomweyi yomwe mudali nayo asanachite opaleshoni, kapena ntchito yabwino. Munthu amene amapewa kuyenda chifukwa cha ululu angapezeke akuyenda maulendo ataliatali atatha kuchira kuchokera kumalo opaleshoni ya mawondo, ndipo odwala opaleshoni ya opaleshoni akhoza kudzipeza okha akuwerenga mabuku ambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Mfundo yachiwiri musanachite opaleshoni. Inapezeka mu September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/part-b/second-opinions-beforessurgery.html
> Mankhwala othandiza odwala omwe ali ndi luso. Idapezeka mu September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/Pubs/pdf/10153.pdf
> Kupanga opaleshoni Kuyeza ndalama. Inapezeka mu September, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/kusambira/surgery-estimating-costs.html