Momwe Insulini Imagwira Thupi

Chimene Chimachita ndi Mmene Zimagwiritsidwira Ntchito

Insulini ndi hormone yomwe ili ndi dzanja muzinthu zingapo m'thupi lanu. Sizothandiza kokha ndi zakudya zamagetsi ndi kusunga shuga kuti magetsi apange maselo, zimathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi zakudya zina zomwe mumadya. Chifukwa hormone iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pothandiza thupi lanu kugwiritsira ntchito zakudya zomwe mumadya, vuto la insulini likhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka m'thupi, matenda, ndi ziwalo zonse za thupi lanu, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, kuphunzira momwe insulini imagwirira ntchito kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa chifukwa chake matenda ena ambiri ali ndi matenda a shuga, chifukwa chiyani njira zina zamoyo zimathandizira, komanso momwe thupi lanu limayendera ndi chakudya.

Pamene Insulini Yapangidwa

Insulini ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni a polypeptide omwe amavomerezedwa ndi ziphuphu, zomwe zimakhala ngati zotchedwa endocrine ndi exocrine. Mankhwala otchedwa Endocrine ndiwo njira zamagulu zomwe zimatulutsa mahomoni kuti azilamulira thupi, pamene zozizwitsa za exocrine zimathandiza mu chimbudzi.

Mphukira imakhala kumbuyo kwa mimba, yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa duodenum (gawo loyamba la matumbo aang'ono), ndipo ili ndi magulu a maselo otchedwa islets a Langerhans. Zisumbu zimapangidwa ndi maselo a beta, omwe amapanga ndi kumasula insulini m'magazi.

Mmene Insulini Imagwirira Ntchito

Insulini imakhudza makapu, mapuloteni, ndi mafuta a metabolism. Thupi lanu limathyola zakudyazi m'matulukidwe a shuga, ma molekyulu amino acid, ndi molekyulu.

Thupi limatha kusungiranso mamolekyu amenewa ndikukhalamo mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Insulini imayambitsa kusungirako kwa zakudya izi, pamene hormone ina yotchedwa pancreatic yotchedwa glucagon imatulutsa iwo kusungirako.

Insulini imakhudzidwa muchitetezo chakumangirira bwino kwa thupi lanu kuti musunge shuga lanu la shuga m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Mwachidule:

• Ngati shuga lanu la magazi liri lalikulu : Mphukira imatulutsa insulini kuti maselo atenge shuga m'magazi kuti athe kuchepetsa shuga.
• Ngati shuga wanu wamagazi ndi otsika : Mitundu ya shuga imatulutsa glucagon kuti itithandize chiwindi kumasulidwa kusungidwa shuga m'magazi kuti akweze shuga la magazi.

Ma shuga amagazi amayamba pamene zakudya zambiri zimadya, koma zimakula mofulumira komanso mofulumira ndi chakudya . Mankhwalawa amatulutsa shuga kuchokera ku zakudya komanso ma molecule a shuga amalowa m'magazi. Maseŵera otuluka m'magazi amasonyeza kuti ziphuphu zimatulutsa insulini pofuna kuchotsa shuga m'magazi. Insulini imamangirira ndi mapuloteni a insulini pa malo a selo ndipo imakhala ngati chinsinsi chotsegula maselo kuti alandire shuga. Mavitamini a insulin ali pafupifupi pafupifupi maselo onse, kuphatikizapo maselo a minofu ndi maselo olemera.

Mavitamini a insulini ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri-mbali ndi mkati. Gawo lakunja limatuluka kunja kwa selo ndikukumanga ndi insulini. Izi zikachitika, malo amkati amatha kutumiza mbendera mkati mwa selo kuti atenge mawonekedwe a glucose kuti agwire pamwamba ndi kulandira shuga . Monga shuga wa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa insulini zimachepa, amalandila amatha kukhala opanda kanthu ndipo otuluka m'magazi amabwerera kubwalo.

Insulini ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga

Mu nthawi yabwino, shuga kuchokera kuzakudya zimachotsedwa mofulumira. Komabe, pamene pali insulin kukana (maselo amakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulini), izi sizimachitika ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'magulu a shuga kukhala vuto. Kuthamanga kwa insulin kungakhale chifukwa cha vuto la mawonekedwe a insulini (kuteteza receptor kumanga), osakhala ndi receulor okwanira, mavuto, kapena otulutsa shuga osagwira ntchito bwino. Kuonjezerapo, insulini kukana kungatheke pamene munthu ali ndi kulemera kwambiri kapena mafuta. Mafuta amalepheretsa insulini kuti isagwire ntchito yake, pafupifupi kupanga chinachake cholepheretsa kugwira ntchitoyo.

Kaya zili chifukwa chotani, ntchito ya insulini imakhala yovuta.

Kuthamanga kwa insulin kumawonekera chisanafike mtundu wa shuga 2 umapezeka . Kuti mupange insulini yochepa kwambiri, mphukira imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochulukirapo kuti yowonjezera insulini. Potsirizira pake, ena amagwiritsira ntchito insulini komanso shuga la magazi amakhalabe ochepa kwa kanthawi. Pamene insulini ikukanika ndipo nkhuku sizingatheke, chiwerengero cha shuga chimayamba kuwuka ndipo matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene msinkhu umakhala waukulu kwambiri. Pomwe zinthu zikupitirirabe, zovuta zimakhala zovuta kugwira ntchito ndipo msangamsanga maselo a insulini amayamba kukhala olumala kapena kuthamanga ndikufa.

Mmene Zimakhudzira Mafuta a Metabolism

Zakudya zamchere komanso mafuta amtunduwu zimagwirizana kwambiri ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi insulini. Ngati insulin ikugwira ntchito bwino, mavuto akhoza kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa insulini kumatumiza chizindikiro cholakwika ku ubongo. Zizindikiro izi zimauza ubongo kuti pali insulini yambiri ndipo maselo anu akusowa chakudya cha shuga. Choncho, ubongo wanu umapanga chakudya, zimapangitsa thupi lanu kusunga mafuta, ndipo limalamula kuti mafuta aziwotchera mphamvu m'malo mwa mafuta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kuchepetsa kulemera kungakhale kovuta ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga 2.

Insulini imathandizanso kwambiri pa kukula kwa ma triglyceride:

• Mu Chiwindi : Insulini imalimbikitsa chilengedwe ndi kusunga glycogen ku shuga. Matenda a insulin amachititsa chiwindi kukhala wodzaza ndi glycogen. Izi zikachitika, chiwindi chimakana kusungiranso. M'malo mwake timagulitsidwe timapanga mafuta omwe amachititsa kuti lipoproteins alowe m'magazi. Izi zimaphwanyidwa mu mafuta amchere komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ena. Matenda ena amagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti apange triglycerides .
• M'maselo a Fat : Insulin imasiya kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndipo imateteza kuwonongeka kwa triglycerides kukhala mafuta acids. Pamene shuga imalowa m'maselo amenewa, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gulu lotchedwa glycerol. Glycerol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi mafuta owonjezera omwe amawopsa pachiwindi kuti apange triglycerides. Izi zingachititse triglycerides kumanga m'maselo a mafuta.

Mmene Zimakhudzira Mapulotini ndi Mchere

Insulini imathandiza amino acid ku mapuloteni kuti alowe m'maselo. Pamene njirayi imalepheretsedwa, ikhoza kukhala yovuta kumanga minofu.

Insulin imapangitsanso maselo ambiri kulandira potassium, magnesium, ndi phosphate. Zinthu zimenezi zimadziwikanso monga electrolytes, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magetsi apange thupi. Zimakhudza minofu yogwira ntchito, magazi pH, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi lanu. Kusiyanitsa kwa electrolyte kungakhale koipitsitsa ndi shuga yapamwamba ya magazi monga izi zingayambitse kukodza kwambiri ndi madzi ndi kutayika kwa electrolyte.

Mmene Mungathandizire Insulini Ntchito Yabwino

Njirazi zingakuthandizeni kuti muwonjezere kuchepa kwa insulini komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa insulini:

• Kuwonjezera moyo wa shuga umasintha pamoyo wanu.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse .
• Pezani ndondomeko ya zakudya yomwe ikukuthandizani.

Mtsinje

Monga momwe mukuonera, insulini imathandiza kwambiri pakuletsa kuchepa kwa thupi. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena mukudziwa wina amene amachititsa, kumvetsa zomwe insulini amachita komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito zingakuthandizeni kuti musamayamwitse matenda anu shuga .

> Zosowa

> Hess-Fischl, Amy. Matenda a shuga: Kodi insulini ndi chiyani? Wachikulire.

> Endocrine Pancreas. University of Berkley, California.

> Pathophysiology ya njira ya Endocrine, zotsatira za Physiologic ya insulini. Colorado State University.