Choonadi ndi Zowona Pamene Zimabwera ku STD
Matenda opatsirana pogonana angayambitsidwe ndi mavairasi osiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo angatengeke kudzera m'makhalidwe opatsirana monga chiwerewere, anal komanso / kapena kugonana.
United States ili ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha matenda opatsirana pogonana (mafupa opatsirana pogonana) a mtundu uliwonse wolemera omwe ali ndi anthu okwana 19 miliyoni a ku America omwe akudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana chaka chilichonse. Ziwerengero zimaneneratu kuti mmodzi mwa anthu awiri a ku America adzagwira matenda amodzi opatsirana pogonana m'moyo wawo wonse.
Maphunziro abwino a kugonana komanso kudziŵa bwino za matenda opatsirana pogonana angathandize kupewa zina mwa matendawa. Ngakhale pali zambiri zambiri zolondola za STD zilipo, mwatsoka pali nthano zambiri. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri amadabwa kumva kuti zina mwa zomwe amakhulupirira zokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi zongopeka. Kodi ndizinthu zingati zomwe mwamvapo, nanga choonadi ndi chiyani?
Nthano # 1: Simungathe kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana Kuchokera ku Khungu-mpaka-Khungu
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti malinga ngati simugonana, simungathe kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Izi siziri choncho.
Matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, monga nsabwe za pubic (nkhanu) ndi mphere zingadutsedwe mosavuta kuchokera kwa abwenzi kupita ku zibwenzi kudzera mwa khungu ndi khungu.
Ma ARV ena amatha kupitilira kugonana popanda kugonana.
Kuti muteteze bwino, nkofunika kumvetsetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe matenda opatsirana pogonana angathere.
Bodza Lachiwiri # 2: Piritsi Loperekera Kulera Limapereka Chitetezo cha STD
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuteteza mimba ndi kuteteza matenda opatsirana pogonana si chinthu chomwecho.
Mankhwala ambiri a mahomoni angakhale othandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wanu woyembekezera, koma njira zothandizira kubereka siziletsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Chifukwa mapiritsi sakulepheretsa kugawidwa kwa madzi m'thupi, sizimapereka kachilombo ka HIV .
Nthano # 3: Mliri Waukulu Kwambiri wa STD Ndi Wochokera Kumalo Ogonana
Ngakhale achinyamata ambiri sakudziwa kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana angagwidwe pakamwa paokha, CDC ndi akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo amaona kuti kugonana kosalephereka kutetezedwa kuti akhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa minofu yomwe ili pafupi ndi anus imakhala yofooka kwambiri (yotchedwa fissures) imachitika kawirikawiri atatha kugonana kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zidole zogonana zomwe zaikidwa mu anus.
Njira yabwino yopezera matenda opatsirana pogonana pa nthawi yogonana ndi abambo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu . Mwinanso mutha kuonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa zogonana zanu zimatsutsidwa ndipo sizigawidwa ndi ena.
Izi zinkati, kugonana kumalankhula kumatha kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndipo wakhala akufalitsa matenda monga HIV, herpes, HPV, gonorrhea, syphilis, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati mukufuna kudziteteza ku matenda opatsirana pogonana pa nthawi ya kugonana, malingaliro a mano angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati choletsa.
Nthano # 4: Ma STD Adzapita Patsogolo pawo
Mwamwayi, nthano yakuti matenda opatsirana pogonana amachoka popanda mankhwala akuganiza kuti amachititsa kuti azimayi ambiri asamve ululu komanso kuperewera. Panthawi yomwe izi zikupezeka, kuonongeka (chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana m'malo ambiri) kwachitika kale.
Chlamydia ndi matenda ambiri opatsirana pogonana, otsatiridwa ndi mphutsi , ndiyeno syphilis . Kuchokera mu 2001, chlamydia mitengo yayamba ikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.
Ma ARV monga chlamydia, gonorrhea ndi syphilis amayamba ndi mabakiteriya, choncho amafunika kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti athe kuchiritsidwa.
Kawirikawiri, amayi omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, kotero iwo sangadziwe ngakhale kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi kofunika kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana amatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ndi maantibayotiki, angayambitse mavuto a nthawi yaitali monga matenda opatsirana m'mimba ndi infertility ngati asiyidwa. Matenda opatsirana angapo opanda matenda angayambitsenso mavuto a mimba.
Nthano # 5: Makondomu Awiri Ali Abwino Kuposa Womwe Akuchepetsa Nthenda ya STD
Mwachidziwitso, wina angaganize kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu awiri kumapereka chithandizo chabwino cha STD kuposa chimodzi koma, zenizeni, izi siziri choncho.
Madokotala ndi opanga makondomu amalangiza kuti kusamvana kosafunikira kungayambitse pakati pa makondomu awiri pa nthawi yogonana ndipo izi zimapangitsa mwayi kuti kondomu imodzi kapena zonse zikhoza kusweka-kukusiya pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha onse omwe akudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi kutenga mimba.
Izi ndizogwiritsira ntchito makondomu awiri a amuna kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ya amuna ndi akazi . Chinthu chofunikira: "makondomu" awiri ndi ayi.
Nthano # 6: Mukhoza Kokha mgwirizano wa Herpes ngati Wokondedwa Wanu Ali ndi Chiphuphu
Matenda a chiberekero ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amadziwika ndi zilonda pamilomo kapena m'mimba ndipo akhoza kupatsirana ngakhale pamene palibe vuto.
Pa nthawi yosafulumira (pamene palibe zilonda zilipo), kachilombo ka HIV sichitha kufalikira kwa munthu wina. Komabe izi zikhoza kukhala zonyansa kuyambira kachilombo ka herpes, pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana (osadziwika ndi amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV), nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchulukanso popanda kuwonetsa zizindikiro kapena zilonda (izi zimatchulidwa ngati kutaya magazi ).
Panthawi yotaya kapena pamene zilonda zotseguka zilipo, kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kuwasokoneza anthu ena panthawi iliyonse ya kugonana kapena kupsyopsyona. Pakali pano, palibe mankhwala a herpes, ngakhale mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa zizindikiro kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ziphuphu.
Nthano # 7: Amuna Amuna Ogonana Amuna Amodzi Amatha Kukhala Osatetezedwa ndi HIV
Munthu aliyense akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ngati akuchita chiwerewere chosatetezeka ndi wokondedwayo ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi.
HlV sichimasankha chifukwa chogonana. Amuna ndi amayi owongoka amatha kutenga mgwirizano wa HIV.
Amuna (kapena omwe amagonana ndi abambo) akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana chifukwa chiberekero (kapena anus) chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuzilombo zina zogonana.
Kuphatikiza apo, minofu ya abambo kapena minofu ya anthenda imakhala yotha kugwedezeka pa nthawi yogonana kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana asalowe m'magazi.
Kuonjezera apo, kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa matenda opatsirana pogonana kungathandize kuti mukhale ndi HIV .
Nthano # 8: Ngati Mukugonana Mumadzi kapena Hot Tub, Chlorine Imapha Anyamata Amtundu Wonse
Lingaliro la nthano zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kutenga pakati pa madzi m'madzi kapena madzi otentha ndi akuti ngati mukugonana m'madzi otungidwa, mankhwalawa adzapha umuna.
Ngakhale kuti klorini ikhoza kukhala ngati spermicide , mphamvu yake imadalira momwe madzi akudwalitsira kwambiri. Ngakhale ngati pali klorini yambiri, sizikutheka kuti chlorine yokwanira idzafika mozama mokwanira mkati mwa chiberekero cha amai kuti aphe umuna umene waperekedwa kwa iwo.
Madzi okhala ndi chlorini kapena ngakhale madzi otentha (monga m'mitsuko yotentha) samaletsa kufalitsa kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Ndipotu, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo kapena kukwiya chingakhale chachikulu pamene madzi ali ndi mchere, chlorini, kapena mabakiteriya monga izi zingakakamizidwe mu umuna pogwiritsa ntchito kuyendayenda panthawi ya kugonana .
Kugonana m'madzi kungathandizenso kuti amayi azikhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso / kapena matenda a yisiti. Makondomu aakazi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera matenda opatsirana pogonana pamene akugonana m'madzi koma sizimagwira ntchito 100 peresenti.
Makondomu a amuna angakhale othandiza koma zingakhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito bwino m'madzi. Ngati mutadalira makondomu a amuna, ndibwino kuti muike kondomuyo mutatuluka m'madzi ndikuyang'ana kawiri kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukukhalabe pa nthawi yogonana.
Nthano # 9: Mukadakhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, mulibe zochepa pa mgwirizano wina
Mosiyana ndi matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, nkhuku yochuluka, kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana sikuchepetsa mwayi wanu wogwira wina.
Ndipotu, munthu amene ali ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi ndizosavuta kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimanenanso mosapita m'mbali kuti miyambo ya moyo yomwe imatsogolera ku matenda ena opatsirana pogonana angayambitsenso zina.
Nthano # 10: Ngati Mulibe Kondomu, Gwiritsani Ntchito Manga Pulasitiki
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pulasitiki m'malo mwa kondomu ndi nthano yayikulu, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukulunga pulasitiki (baggies kapena balloons) kungateteze matenda opatsirana pogonana ngati palibe makondomu ozungulira.
Zinthu zapanyumbazi sizigwirizana bwino, kotero zimatha kupezeka mosavuta panthawi yogonana. Popeza sizinapangidwe kuti zikhazikitse kukangana kwa kugonana, kukulunga pulasitiki kungakhalenso kosavuta.
Makondomu amapangidwa kuti apereke zoyenera (monga pali mitundu yambiri ndi kukula kwa kondomu pa chifukwa ichi) ndipo ayesedwa bwino kuti apindule kwambiri.
Choncho, ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito latex , polyisoprene (SKYN omwe alibe latex makondomu) kapena kondomu ya polyurethane , mukhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha STD. Kuwonjezera pa kukulunga pulasitiki, kumbukirani kuti kondomu zapachilengedwe zimathandizanso poteteza matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mitundu ya kondomuyi imakhala ndi pores ang'onoang'ono omwe angalole kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kudutsa. Kumbukirani kuti zambiri zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa umuna.
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Matenda Opatsirana pogonana
Monga tanena kale, pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo angabweretse mavuto a nthawi yayitali kuyambira kuvutika ndi kutengeka kwa mimba. Ngati mukudandaula kuti mwakhala mukudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za matenda opatsirana pogonana , kumbukirani kuti ngakhale mulibe zizindikiro zina, matenda ena angayambitse mavuto a nthawi yaitali.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kachirombo ka HIV - CDC. Kusinthidwa 11/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hiv/stdfact-std-hiv-detailed.htm
> Cunningham, F. Gary, ndi John Whitridge Williams. Williams Obstetrics. New York: Medical Medical McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.
> Unemo, M., Bradshaw, C., Hocking, J. et al. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Mavuto Akumbuyo. Matenda Opatsirana a Lancet . 2017. 17 (8): e235-e279.