Chilombo ndi chimodzi mwa matenda opatsirana pogonana (matenda opatsirana pogonana), omwe amatchedwanso matenda opatsirana pogonana. Zimayambitsidwa ndi bacterium Treponema pallidum ndipo nthawi zambiri zimazindikiritsidwa ndi maonekedwe a zilonda zamatenda otseguka, otchedwa chancre, pamimba, pakamwa, anus, kapena rectum. Maantibayotiki amatha kuchiza syphilis, koma maphunzirowa amadalira kuti ndi chiani chomwe matendawa ali (pulayimale, secondary, latent, and higher).
Gawo lirilonse liri ndi zizindikiro zake zozizwitsa-ndipo zingakhale zovuta.
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha matenda a syphilis chinagwera kwambiri ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa penicillin m'kati mwa zaka za m'ma 1940, zambiri zapindula zasinthidwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Masiku ano, matendawa amakhudza anthu oposa 27,000 ku America pachaka ndi opitirira 6 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Ngakhale lingaliro la syphilis likhoza kukhala losautsa, matendawa amachiritsidwa mosavuta ngati azindikiridwa ndikupezeka, ndipo amapewa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito makondomu komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za chiwembu zimakhala ndi siteji ya matenda. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zina ndizosamvetseka, zina zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo zingasokonezedwe.
- Chithandizo chapakati chachikulu chimawonetsedwa ndi chancre , kawirikawiri mkati mwa masiku 21 akuwonetsa. Chifukwa chancres kawirikawiri zimakhala zopweteka komanso zamkati, amatha kuwasowa mosavuta ndi odwala komanso madokotala. Popanda chithandizo, chancre imachiritsa kulikonse kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.
- Chirombo cha sekondi chimapezeka mkati mwa masabata anayi mpaka khumi a chiopsezo chachikulu. Chimodzi mwa zizindikilo za khalidwe ndi kufalikira kwa thunthu, miyendo, ndi (mochititsa chidwi) mitengo ya palmu ndi mapazi a mapazi . Zizindikiro zofanana ndi ziwombankhanga zingaphatikize ndi ziphuphu. Pali, komabe, mavoti omwe angadziwonetsere okha mwa njira zosazolowereka. Zizindikiro zimatha kuthetsa popanda kuchiza masabata atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
- Chilombo chotchedwa Latent chimazindikiritsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa zizindikiro, kumakhala kulikonse kuyambira zaka mpaka zaka makumi asanu, ndipo zimachokera ku mayeso a magazi. Pofuna kupeza matenda, gawoli likufotokozedwanso kukhala oyambirira latent (osachepera chaka kuchokera kumayesero omaliza a magazi) kapena mochedwa latent (osapitirira chaka kuchokera kumayesero omaliza a magazi).
- Sipirisi yapamwamba ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la matenda. Amadziwika ndi matenda akuluakulu a khungu, mafupa, mtima, chiwindi, ndi ziwalo zina. Neurosyphilis , mosakayikira vuto lalikulu kwambiri, limakhudza ubongo ndipo, ndilo, lomwe liri lovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa.
Chilombo cha congenital ndi matenda aakulu omwe amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kupatsira mwana wake wosabadwa. Kuwonjezera pa mapapu, chiwindi, nthendayi, ndi matenda a ubongo, congenital syphilis ikhoza kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi nkhope, kuperewera kwa chitukuko, ndi kulemala kwaumunthu.
Zimayambitsa
Treponema pallidum ndi mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe omwe amachititsa matenda mwa anthu. Chowombera chake chimapangitsa kuti chilowerere mu membrane kapena kulowa m'mphindi pang'ono.
Chiphuphu chimaperekedwa kokha kudzera m'kamwa , m'mimba, kapena kugonana , kapena kuchokera kwa mayi mpaka mwana pamene ali ndi mimba. Nthawi zambiri, sipisiti ikhoza kupyola kupyola ngati khungu lophwanyika limagwirizana ndi ululu woonekera.
Sipisiti sangadutse kupyolera mwa mipando ya chimbudzi, kulankhulana kwaokha, kapena zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zinthu zina zosamalira.
Pali zifukwa zina zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha munthu pa matenda:
- Kugonana kosatetezeka
- Ambiri ogonana nawo
- HIV
Kukhala mwamuna yemwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amaimira ma ARV ambiri
Kudziwa
Kuyeza kwa sipisiti ndi njira ziwiri zomwe mayesero osatetezera (omwe amatha kuona kuti kuwonongeka kwa T. pallidum ) akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi mayesero a treponemal (omwe angathe kudziwa bacteroyo). Zonsezi ndizoyezetsa magazi. Chifukwa chakuti mayesero omwe si a treponemal ali ovuta kwambiri, amachitidwa poyamba.
Ngati mayeserowa ali othandiza, mayeso a treponemal angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda.
Ndi kuyezetsa magazi, kachilombo kawirikawiri kamatha kupezeka mkati mwa sabata kapena ziwiri. Zotsatira zolondola zitha kupezeka pa miyezi itatu yoyambirira, pamene chiwerengero cha chinyengo chabodza chikuwonjezeka patapita masiku 90.
Magazi, minofu, ndi madzi amadzi amatha kuyesedwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa microscopy yamdima . Ngakhale simukugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano (chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa akatswiri odziwa luso labwino), microscopy yamdima yamdima imapereka madokotala umboni weniweni, wokhudzana ndi matenda. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oyambirira kapena pakapita nthawi matenda pamene matendawa ndi ovuta kuwunikira.
Chithandizo
Matenda a khungu akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Penicillin (kudzera mu jekeseni) amaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala osankhidwa, koma ena (monga doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, kapena ceftriaxone) angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la penicillin.
Chithandizo cha syphilis chikhoza kusiyana ndi siteji ya matenda:
- Syphilis yamtunda, yachiwiri, ndi yam'mbuyo yoyambirira imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi jekeseni imodzi ya penicillin.
- Chida chotchedwa latent latent chimafuna katemera katatu, kamodzi kamene kamaperekedwa pakapita masabata amodzi.
- Sipphilisti yapamwamba idzachiritsidwa mofanana ndi mochedwa latent syphilis ngati ubongo ndi pakatikati zamanjenje sichikuphatikizidwa.
- Neurosyphilis imafuna njira yochulukirapo ya masiku khumi kapena 14, yomwe imakhala ndi penicillin yopanda matenda kapena kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala a penicillin ndi mankhwala a pakamwa.
Ngakhalenso matenda aakulu akachotsedwa, vuto lina lililonse la ubongo kapena ziwalo zina zingakhale zosasinthika. Zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni, zingafunike kuthandizira kukonza kapena kukonza zowonongeka.
Kupewa
Makondomu amakhalabe chitetezo choyamba pa matenda opatsirana pogonana monga syphilis. Ngakhale kondomu sizitha kulakwitsa (makamaka ngati simukuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera), ndiyo njira yodalirika yopewera kudziletsa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe mumagonana nawo, makamaka omwe sadziwika. Pamapeto pake, anthu omwe mumagonana nawo kwambiri, amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu.
Kuti muteteze nokha ndi anthu ena, mungafune kuganizira kupeza dokotala wa matenda opatsirana pogonana kuchokera kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala chanu. Bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force likuvomereza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga matenda ayenera kuwonetsedwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo MSM, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri zogonana ndi / kapena kuchita nawo kugonana kosateteza.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotchedwa syphilis kusiyana ndi ena, musadzipusitse kuganiza kuti ndinu otetezeka chifukwa chakuti "simugona". Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV aliwonjezeka ndi 35.7 peresenti pakati pa 2015 ndi 2016 okha ndipo awuka m'zaka zosiyana siyana komanso mitundu yonse ku United States.
Ngati mukukaikira za momwe mulili, yesetsani kuti muyesedwe. Ngakhale mutayesa kukhala ndi chitsimikizo, poyamba mumadziwa, mofulumira kuti mutha kuchiritsidwa-ndipo simungakhalepo kuti muwathandize ena.
Zotsatira:
> Bowen, V .; Su, J ;; Torrone, E. et al. "Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha congenital syphilis - United States, 2012-2014." MMWR. 2015; 64 (44): 1241-5. DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6444a3.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. "2016 Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Syphilis." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa September 26, 2017.
> Hayden, Deborah. (2008) Po: Genius, Madness, ndi Mysteries of Syphilis. New York City, New York: Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0786724130.
> Lee, K .; Nyo-Metzger, Q .; Wolff, T. et al. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Malangizo ochokera ku bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force. " Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. ndi Bolan, G. "Matenda opatsirana pogonana Njira Zothandizira, 2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.