Sipulo imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Treponema pallidum. Matendawa amapezeka kuti ali ndi mayeso a magazi omwe amazindikira mapuloteni, otchedwa antibodies , omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi chifukwa cha matendawa. Mukakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV, ma antibodies a T. pallidum adzakhalabe mwazi kwa zaka zambiri. Kawirikawiri, kafukufuku wamabuku angapereke chitsimikizo ngati matenda ali atsopano kapena omwe adachitika kale.
Kuwonjezera pa mayesero omwe amachitidwa kuchipatala, ofesi ya dokotala, kapena mankhwala, pali makiti ambiri odziyesera omwe amakulolani kuti muyesedwe ku chitonthozo cha nyumba yanu.
Kuyesedwa / Kuyesedwa Kwapanyumba
Chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu kuwonetsetsa kwa STD ndizovuta kapena manyazi zomwe ena amakumana nazo pakupempha dokotala kuti ayesedwe. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, anthu nthawi zambiri amapewa kuyesedwa kwa zaka zambiri ngakhale zaka zambiri mpaka kachilomboka kamasintha mwadzidzidzi.
Dziwani kuti simungadziwe kuti muli ndi syphilis pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zanu, ngakhale mukuwona zilonda. Koma mungagwiritse ntchito kachilombo ka STD, komwe ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ambiri amavomerezedwa; Njirayo imathandiza anthu ambiri kuthana ndi zopinga zoyesera.
Zina mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo (ndi zotsatira zawo ndizoipa):
- Mapiritsi afupipafupi omwe amawoneka ngati akuyembekezera kutenga mimba ndikusowa magazi amodzi kuti apangitse matendawa, omwe angathe kuchitidwa maminiti 15 okha. Ngakhale zili zosavuta, zimakhala zosavomerezeka komanso zolakwika.
- Ma il-mu makina oyesa amatenga izi ku mlingo wotsatira. Mumalembetsa pa intaneti, ndikupereka chithandizo chamankhwala musanayambe kuyesedwa. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kosasuntha kumatumizidwa kwa inu, zomwe mumatenga ndikutumiza ku labiti yoyenerera. Zotsatira, zomwe mumapeza pa intaneti masiku awiri kapena asanu, zimakhala zolondola kwambiri kuposa zomwe mukuyesera nokha.
Ngakhale makina amapezeka pa intaneti, muyenera kusankha mosamala. Pali malamulo ang'onoang'ono a federal pa makompyuta apamtunda, omwe ali pamtunda. Momwemo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti amene mumasankha amakwaniritsa miyezo ya Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendment (CLIA) ndi kuti mayesero aperekedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Kuti muwone, yambani ku ofesi ya CLIA yoyera . Musasokeretsedwe ndi mawu monga "Technologies yovomerezedwa ndi FDA."
Mapulogalamu ndi Mayesero
Chifukwa T. Pallidum ndi yofooka kwambiri kuti ikhale yotchuka, matendawa amafunika kupezedwa mwa njira imodzi: njira yosazindikira yeniyeni ya kachilombo ka HIV kapena kutulukira kwa thupi.
Mayesero a Magazi Omwe Ambiri
Njira yosalunjika, pogwiritsira ntchito kuphatikiza-kuyezetsa magazi, ndiyo njira yabwino yoyesera. Zimaphatikizapo magulu awiri a mayesero omwe anachita chimodzi pambuyo pake:
- Mayesero Osakhala a Treponemal: Matendawa amayamba ndi mayeso aŵiri osatetezedwa m'magazi omwe amatchedwa testered laboratory (VDRL) ndi reagin (RPR) yofulumira. Zonsezi zimatengera ma antibodies kwa cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya a syphilis. Komabe, ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa ndi matenda ena, monga matenda a lupus ndi Lyme. Ngakhale kuti mayesero ali ovuta, otchipa, komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, awo omwe sali enieni amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zabodza . Momwemo, zotsatira ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zowonjezereka, ngakhale zogula mtengo, mayeso a treponemal.
- Mayesero a Treponemal: Ngati mayesero osakhala a treponemal ali othandiza, zotsatirazo zikadzatsimikiziridwa ndi chimodzi mwa mayesero angapo. Kuyeza kwa Treponemal kumateteza ma antibodies a T. pallidum omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe. Ngakhale zenizeni, iwo sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda akale kapena omwe alipo. Ndi chifukwa chake mayeserowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kuti apeze matenda. Mayankho a Treponemal angaphatikizepo kutentha kwapadera kwapadera (FTA-ABS), T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TP-PA), mavitamini a immunoassays (EIA), ndi chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIA).
Zotsatira za mayeserowa zimayesedwa ngati zowonongeka kapena zosasinthika.
Kuchitapo kanthu pa mayeso a treponemal kumatanthauza matenda koma sangathe kuwulula pamene matendawa achitika. Pofuna kudziwa izi, labu lidzayerekeza zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi-kuphatikizapo mlingo (titer) wa ma antibodies omwe amapezeka m'magazi - kukhazikitsa siteji ya matenda ndi njira yoyenera ya chithandizo .
Kuwonanso Zojambula
Chiwerengero ichi cha kuyesedwa kwa magazi-osati treponemal koyamba, treponemal yachiwiri-akuonedwa ngati njira yapadera yopangira matenda. Komabe, nthawi zina, njirayi ikhoza kuthamanga kotero kuti mayesero a treponemal ayambidwe poyamba ndipo mayesero osakhala a treponemal amachitidwa kachiwiri.
Zodziwika bwino zowonetsera motsatizana, izi zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse. Pazitsulo zoyenera, zimakhala zovuta kuti ziwone msanga kwambiri. Pa mbali yolakwika, kuyang'ana mobwerezabwereza kungakhale kosavuta ndipo kungayambitse zotsatira zowonongeka ngakhale ngati munthuyo adachiritsidwa kale. Zotsatira zabodza zimakhala zovuta poti zingachititse kubwereza kosafunika kwa mankhwala.
Pamene kuyang'anitsitsa kwapadera kuli ndi malo ake, chiyeso choyenera cha kuyesedwa chimalimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri.
Maselo a Mdima Wamdima
Kujambula microscopy yamdima ndi njira yeniyeni yoyesera yochepa imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano chifukwa imafuna akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera nyemba za thupi lanu (mwina kuchokera ku ululu wa chancre kapena pamphepete wamtsempha ) ndikuyang'ana pansi pa microscope kuti muone umboni wa mabakiteriya. Chiyesochi chikhoza kupangidwanso pamatenda kapena pamphuno.
Maselo a microscopy amdima amatha kukhala othandiza pa matenda otha msinkhu pamene mayesero ena ali osadziwika kapena ana omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ovuta kuwunikira.
Obadwa kumene
Chirombo cha Congenital chimachitika pamene matendawa achotsedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi mimba. Ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri sakhala ndi zizindikiro za matendawa ndipo angangowonjezera m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Kuzindikira ana ang'onoang'ono kungakhale kovuta chifukwa ma antibodies a mayi akuyenda m'magazi a mwana kwa miyezi 12 kapena 18 yoyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, panthawiyi, madokotala sangathe kuzindikira ma antibodies omwe amachokera kwa mayi kapena omwe ali a mwana (kutanthauza kuti mwanayo ali ndi kachilombo).
Ndizinenedwa kuti, ngati ma antibodies a mwana ali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa amayi ake, mwanayo amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Makina oonera masewera amdima amatha kupereka umboni weniyeni wa kachilomboka.
Kusanthula Kusiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chisa chimatsanzira matenda ena ambiri ndipo kawirikawiri kumafuna kutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuyesayesa kwina kuli koyenera kupangidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ndizolondola. Izi zimafuna kuti munthu asatuluke kwambiri, makamaka panthawi ya syphilis yapamwamba pamene zizindikiro zingakhale zosiyana komanso zovuta.
Madokotala sadzayesa khungu, koma chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, ndi HIV pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lalikulu la mayeso a STD . Mayesero ena a labu ndi mafano angapangidwe kuti asatuluke zina zomwe zingayambitse. Pakati pa kufufuza kwambiri kotheka:
- Chitsulo chachikulu: candidiasis, cystitis, virus ya herpes simplex, inguinale ya granuloma, urethritis, matenda ena opatsirana pogonana
- Chilombo cha Sirima: HIV, matenda a Kawasaki, mononucleosis, pityriasis rosea, kutentha kwa mapiri a Rocky Mountain, scarlet fever
- Chithupithupi chapamwamba: chifuwa cha ubongo, carcinoma, kupweteka mtima kwa mtima, meningococcemia, matenda a m'maganizo, multiple sclerosis, stroke
Zowonetsera Zojambula
Musagwiritse ntchito kuti palibe zizindikiro monga chifukwa choti musayesedwe. Chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro za syphilis nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonjezereka ndipo siziri zenizeni, zimatha kuphonya mosavuta kapena zolakwika ndi matenda ena. Kuti izi zitheke, bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force limalimbikitsa kuyezetsa kwa azimayi onse omwe ali ndi pakati ndi omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka.
Izi zimaphatikizapo amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) , anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso anthu omwe amagonana mosatetezeka.
Zotsatira:
> Braccio, S .; Sharland, M .; ndi Ladhani, S. "Kupewa ndi kuchiza chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka mayi kupita kwa mwana." Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016; 29 (3): 268-74. DOI: 10.1097 / QCO.0000000000000270.
> Lee, K .; Nyo-Metzger, Q .; Wolff, T. et al. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Malangizo ochokera ku bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force. " Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. ndi Bolan, G. "Matenda opatsirana pogonana Njira Zothandizira, 2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.