Mitundu Isanu ya Anti Antifeti Ndi Yanji?
Ma antibodies amagawidwa m'njira zingapo. Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri ndi ma antigen omwe amamanga ndi zizindikiro zawo.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma antibodies mu thupi la munthu. Mankhwala a antibody, kapena magulu a antibody, amasonyeza udindo wa anti-wodwala m'thupi. Maphunziro onsewa amatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito msonkhano wa Ig *, kumene Ig imayimira immunoglobulin komanso * ndilo dzina lachitsulo.
Pali zitsulo zisanu zosiyana zotsutsana ndi anthu:
- IgG ndi kachilombo ka antibody komwe anthu ambiri amaganiza akamakamba za antibodies. Pali mitundu yambiri ya IgG yomwe imazungulira mthupi ndipo imayankha matenda. IgG ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha la Ig. Ndiwo mtundu wokha wotsutsa wodwalayo umene ungadutse pa placenta pa nthawi ya mimba.
- IgA ndi zitsulo zamatsenga zomwe zimapezeka m'masukali, monga pakamwa ndi m'mimba. Ikhozanso kupezeka mumatumbo, misonzi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere. IgA imapangidwa ndi magulu awiri a Ig ogwirizana pamodzi.
- IgM ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba ya anti-antibody yomwe iyenera kutulutsidwa pambuyo pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Popeza limapangidwa ndi magulu asanu a Ig ogwirizana pamodzi, ali ndi changu chochuluka. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zimamangiriza kwambiri kuchindunji chake. IgM ndi yofunika kwambiri pamayambiriro a matenda.
- IgE ndi antibody yomwe imayambitsa yankho losavomerezeka. Pamene IgE imamangiriza kumtenda, imayambitsa zomwe zimachitika ku histamine zomwe zimayambitsa zozizwitsa. Mmodzi wothandizira wodwalayo amathandizanso kuteteza thupi ku nyongolotsi zakufa.
- IgD ndi yofunika kwambiri pamayambiriro a chitetezo cha mthupi. Kusungunuka kwa maselo B, sizimayenda.
Matenda ambiri a STD , ndi mayeso a matenda ena, ayang'anirani yankho la anti-antibody ku matenda m'malo mwa tizilombo tokha. Kwa nthawi yaitali, izi zinali zowona makamaka ku matenda a tizilombo ndi mabakiteriya omwe anali ovuta kukula m'chikhalidwe .
Komabe, izi zasintha monga teknoloji yakula bwino. Mwachitsanzo, tsopano pali mayeso a nucleic acid, monga LCR ndi PCR, omwe amayesa mwachindunji kwa DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamene mayeserowa amakhala ochulukirapo, amakhala ngati njira yowonjezera kuyesedwa kwa antibody.
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti: Antibody isotypes amadziwikanso monga makalasi. Mawu awiriwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana. Pakati pa matenda, ma antibodies motsutsana ndi antigen (chingwe) amodzi adzapangidwa ngati maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa anti-wodwalayo umadalira kumene akufunikira m'thupi
Zitsanzo: Zosiyana mitundu ya mayesero a herpes angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda atsopano a herpes ndi matenda omwe asochedwe osazindikira. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antibodies yomwe thupi lingakhale likupanga motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka herpes. Mayendedwe abwino a IgM amatanthauza kuti matendawa ali posachedwapa. Mayeso a IgG amalankhula ndi matenda a nthawi yaitali. Izi zimatengera nthawi kuti thupi lizipanga IgG kusiyana ndi kupanga IgM.
Ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti mayesero osiyanasiyana a mtundu wa STD sakuyesera kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe thupi lanu limapanga. Makamaka, lembani mayesero a herpes osadziwikiratu pakati pa IgG ndi IgM.
M'malo mwake, mtundu woyerekeza wa herpes umayang'ana ngati anti-herpes imateteza thupi lanu kuti lichitepo ndi HSV-1 kapena HSV-2 . Akuyang'ana mitundu yosiyana yomwe imalowera m'malo mosiyana ndi mitundu yotsutsa. Zoyezetsa za mtundu wa anti-TB zimakhalapo, koma zimatchulidwa mwachindunji monga kuyesa kwa IgG kapena IgM.
> Zotsatira:
> Liermann K, Schäfler A, Henke A, Sauerbrei A. Kufufuza kwa malonda a herpes simplex HIV IgG ndi IgM enzyme immunoassays. Njira Zothetsera J. 2014 Apr; 199: 29-34. lembani: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2014.01.001.
> Van Der Pol B, Warren T, Taylor SN, Martens M, Jerome KR, Mena L, Lebed J, Ginde S, Fine P, Hook EW 3. Chidziwitso cha mtundu wa anogenital herpes simplex kachilombo ka HIV pogwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera kwa nucleic acid kupititsa patsogolo. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Nov; 50 (11): 3466-71. onetsani: 10.1128 / JCM.01685-12.