Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timachulukira kudziko lomwe timakhala. Komabe, mosiyana monga momwe zingakhalire ndi mtundu ndi zomangamanga, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tonse tili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupyolera mumlengalenga, kugonana, magazi ndi madzi ena, kapena kudzera mwa njira yachinsinsi.
Mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kawirikawiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'modzi mwa magawo anayi otsatirawa:
Mavairasi: Mankhwala opatsirana opanga tizilombo tating'ono timene timafuna kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilumikiza ndikukhala bwino. Mavairasi amakwaniritsa izi polowera thupi laumunthu ndikukantha selo komwe amadzifanizira okha ndikumafalitsidwa ku maselo ena. Zitsanzo za mavairasi zimachokera ku matenda ochepa monga chimfine ndi chifuwa cha m'mimba ku HIV ( immunodeficiency virus ) (HIV) ndi matenda a chiwindi (C) .
Mabakiteriya: Ngakhale kuti mabakiteriya ambiri samayambitsa matenda ndipo kotero sizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zina mwazilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, zomwe kawirikawiri zimawoneka ngati zonga, mizati, kapena mipira. Mabakiteriya amakhala aakulu kuposa kukula kwa mavairasi, ndipo anthu amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chitetezo chitetezo cha mthupi chitatha kale chifukwa cha kachilomboka. Zitsanzo za matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya ndi monga mzere wammimba, meningitis, ndi poizoni wa zakudya.
Bowa : Chotupitsa, nkhungu, ndi bowa ndi mitundu yonse ya bowa zomwe zingayambitse matenda mwa anthu.
Bowa ndi eukaryotes, kutanthauza kuti maselo awo ali ndi chigawo limodzi ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili mkati mwa ziwalo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi kovuta kuwapha ndipo mankhwala ambiri sakhala ogwira ntchito kuposa, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala opha tizilombo pamene akubweretsanso zotsatira zambiri kwa munthu amene akuwatenga.
Zitsanzo za matenda opatsirana monga fodya, hertoplasmosis, ndi mawere a yisiti.
Ziphuphu: Zamoyozi zimakhala mumtanda ndipo zimatulutsa mphamvu (chakudya) kuchokera kwa mchere, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda. Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe imayambitsa matenda a anthu ndi protozoa, helminths, ndi ectoparasites. Zitsanzo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a anthu ndi tapeworm (zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'mimba), nkhupakupa (zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Lyme), ndi plasmodium (yomwe imayambitsa malungo).
Kuteteza Kulimbana ndi Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mankhwala amasiku ano ali ndi njira zambiri zothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga katemera, antibiotic, ndi fungicides, koma thupi la munthu lili ndi njira zambiri zothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda omwe amachititsa. Mwachitsanzo, chitetezo cha mthupi komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo imatulutsa (leukocytes, neutrophils, ndi antibodies) omwe amatha kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuwonjezera apo, zina mwa zizindikiro za matenda monga kupopera ndi kukokera, ndizofuna thupi kutulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi.
Ndipotu, malungo, pamene amaganiziridwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda, kwenikweni ndi njira yomwe thupi limakweza kutentha kwake kuti asathenso kukhalamo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi njira yotetezera yotetezera yomwe ingathandize kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kubwezeretsa thanzi.
> Chitsime:
> Alberts B; Yohane; Lewis J; et al. (2002). "Mau Oyamba kwa Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda". Biology ya Maselo ya Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science.