Nyumba yowonongeka ( m usca domestica ) imakwiyitsa anthu, koma imakhalanso ngati zizindikiro zowonjezereka kwa matenda a bakiteriya, nthawizina m'njira zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino.
Mitundu ya Ntchentche
Nyumbayi imathamanga kutalika kwa kotalika masentimita inayi ndikuwonetsa mikwingwirima yina yosiyana pamutu wake, kumbuyo kwake. Koma nyumbayi ikuuluka ndi imodzi mwa ntchentche zosiyana siyana zomwe zimalowa m'nyumba ndi kukonzekera chakudya.
Tizilombo touluka timatchedwa "ntchentche za ntchentche," zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Ntchentche zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi matupi amphepete, miyendo yochepa ndikudyetsa manyowa, nyama zakufa, ndi zonyansa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timaphatikizapo ntchentche za ntchentche komanso ntchentche, ntchentche zowonongeka, ndi ntchentche za thupi.
Ntchentche zazing'ono zimakhala ndi matupi ochepa ndi miyendo yaitali; amasankha kudya kukhetsa sludge, kuvunda zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi zina zotayika. Zipatso za ntchentche, kukhetsa ntchentche, ndi ntchentche zimakhala ngati anthu ambiri omwe amaimira.
Fly Biology
Ntchentche za nyumba zimatha kudziwika ndi mikwingwirima yochuluka kwambiri pamtunda wapamwamba kapena pakati. Ntchentche sizimaluma ndi pakamwa pawo. Mmalo mwake, ziwalo za pakamwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa zakumwa.
Ntchentche za nyumba zimatha kudya zakudya zamadzi. Kuti adye zakudya zolimba, ntchentche iyenera kubwezeretsa pamatope ndikuyamwitsa zomwe zasokonezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito proboscis. Chifukwa ntchentche za m'nyumba zimapanga makola ambiri, zimasowa madzi.
Kanyumba kakang'ono kamene nyumbayo imatuluka kumbuyo ndi kwenikweni chimbudzi. Ntchentche za m'nyumba zimatha kuika mazira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo zinyalala zadothi, zinyama, ndi zinyalala. Ntchentche imauluka pafupifupi mazira 150 pa chakudya chotoola.
Kuzungulira moyo kwa nyumba kumatha nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi masabata atatu.
Ntchentche za panyumba zimakhala pafupifupi masabata awiri m'madera otentha, koma zimatha kukhala miyezi itatu kuzizira.
Momwe MaseĊµera Amatulutsa Matenda
Ntchentche zimabadwira ku chakudya. Nyumba imawuluka, mwachitsanzo, amaika mazira mu zinyalala kapena zitosi za nyama. Mazira amathamangira ku mphutsi, kudya chakudya chowazinga. Mphutsizo zimadzakhalanso ziphuphu, zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwawo komaliza ku ntchentche yaikulu yamapiko.
Atapuma bwinobwino, ntchentche zakulakulira zimapitiriza kufunafuna chakudya. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri-kawirikawiri, zowuma ndi zovunda zamoyo-mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya , zomwe zambiri zimavulaza anthu. Pamene ntchentche idya, imayambitsanso mbali ya m'mimba pa chakudya chake chatsopano; mimba imafunika kukumba chakudya kenako ntchentche imamwa.
Chifukwa ntchentche zimadya zinyalala, manyowa, ndi zipangizo zina za mabakiteriya, ndipo chifukwa amadula m'mimba m'mimba momwe anthu angayanjane nawo nthawi zambiri, ziwandazi zamapiko zimatha kupatsira matenda oposa 60 osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
- Chiwindi cha mphepo
- Katemera
- Cholera
- Anthrax
- Chifuwa chachikulu
- Khate
Ngakhale ntchentche sitidye pamtunda umene anthu amakumana nawo, ntchentche ikhoza kusiya zitosi zomwe zili ndi mabakiteriyawa.
Kulamulira Anthu Othamanga
Akatswiri a Dipatimenti ya Entomology ya Penn State amalimbikitsa njira zinayi zothandizira kuti anthu aziuluka:
- Kusungunula . Chotsani chakudya chomwe ntchentche zimakhumba mwa kusunga zinyalala kapena muzipinda. Pitirizani kuvunda zinthu zakuthupi, kuphatikizapo manyowa a manyowa, osowa bwino. Kupatula chakudya chofunidwa ndi ntchentche ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti chiwoneke.
- Kupatula . Kuti musunge ntchentche m'nyumba mwanu, funani njira zomwe angalowemo. Samalani makina osweka, mipata kuzungulira mapaipi ndi magalimoto, ndi mpweya. Zojambula zazitali, mwachitsanzo, sizimaphatikizapo chinsalu chokhala ndi matope mwamphamvu kuti asunge tizilombo touluka kuchokera ku chipinda chapamwamba kapena kukwawa.
- Misampha yopanda mankhwala . Zida monga misampha yolimba, misampha yowala kwambiri, ndi misampha yothamanga imatha kugwira ntchentche kuti zisapitirire.
- Misampha ya mankhwala . Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi pyrethroid yokhazikika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katswiri wodzudzula tizilombo, amatha masiku angapo kapena sabata kapena awiri ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa nyumba yanu. Mapuloteni amatha kuzindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo amatha kutha msanga. Mkati mwa nyumba, mungagwiritse ntchito aerosol kutetezera kuti muwapeze. Onetsetsani kuti musapeze poizoni nokha kapena zinyama zanu mwa kusunga mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera ku chakudya ndi madzi.
> Zotsatira:
> University College of Agricultural Sciences ya Pennsylvania State. Ntchentche za Nyumba. http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/nyumba- nyumba
> Dipatimenti ya Malamulo a Illinois. Ntchentche za Fly ndi Zinyama Zina. http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/pcfilthflies.htm