Sitinapeze katemera kupewa HIV. Pamene asayansi akuchita, sizikhoza kukhala zogwira ntchito mwamsanga, ndipo pamene izi zikumveka zovuta, pali njira zina zodziwika kuti zitha kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV, kuphatikizapo jekeseni.
Njira Zodziwika Zomwe Zingatetezere HIV
1. Yesetsani kugonana moyenera. Ngati mumagonana , gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu . Pezani HIV.
Pezani mayeso ndi mnzanuyo. Onetsetsani kuti ma ARV ndi odwala matendawa.
2. Pewani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosowa . Aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito singano ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito singano zangwiro , kaya ali kuchipatala kapena ngati akudzipiritsa.
3. Pezani Kutetezedwa. Wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi komanso ali ndi kachilombo kochepa kapena kosadziwika (kachilombo ka magazi m'magazi) sangawononge wina aliyense. Ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kudzipangitsa nokha kumatanthauza osati kungodzithandiza nokha, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotumiza kachilombo kwa mnzanuyo.
Palinso chithandizo choyambitsanso chisanafike poyambitsa matendawa. Mofanana ndi kuchiza HIV ndi mankhwala kumathandiza kupewa HIV kufalikira, kupereka mankhwala kwa omwe angatulukidwe kumathandiza kupewa HIV.
4. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) amalola omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, koma pangozi ya HIV, atenge mapiritsi tsiku ndi tsiku kuti athetse kachilombo ka HIV .
Kawirikawiri amatenga lipiritsi kamodzi monga Truvada yomwe imakhala ndi ma ARV awiri, tenofovir ndi emtricitabine. Mankhwalawa si ambiri monga regimen, yomwe ili ndi mankhwala osachepera atatu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsiwa tsiku ndi tsiku tsiku ndi tsiku kungathetse mwayi wokhala ndi HIV ndi 92 peresenti.
Sizothandiza ngati sichimatengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo aliyense akhoza kuiwala.
Ndi kovuta kukumbukira kumwa mapiritsi tsiku lililonse. Sichimalowetsa chiopsezo choteteza kugonana (kapena chitetezo cha singano), koma kumachepetsa chiopsezo kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV. Izi zikutanthauza kumwa mapiritsi tsiku lonse koma mapiritsi osankhidwa mwachisangalalo alibe mavuto ambiri kwa anthu ambiri.
Anthu amene atenga PrEP amadziwa kuti ali pachiopsezo cha HIV. Izi zingaphatikizepo kukhala wokondedwa wokhazikika wa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Izi zingaphatikize amuna omwe ali ndi chibwenzi omwe amazindikira kuti akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo kuchokera kwa watsopano ndipo akufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezochi.
Ndikotheka kutenga kachilombo ka HIV pakatenga PrEP ngakhale kumwa mapiritsi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma chiwopsezo n'chochepa.
Muyenera kuyendera ndi dokotala miyezi itatu iliyonse mutatenga PrEP.
5. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) imateteza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kuti athe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu amene wakhala akuwululidwa amafunira chisamaliro mwamsanga, ndikuyembekeza osachepera maola makumi awiri ndi awiri (ndi pasanathe maola 72).
Mukhoza kupeza PEP kuchokera ku ofesi ya dokotala, dipatimenti yapadera, chipatala chofulumira, kapena chipatala cha HIV. Ndikofunika kufufuza thandizo mwamsanga ngati mwatululidwa. Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ali ndi mafunso aliwonse, angathe kuitana: CDC-supported Clinical Consultation Center pa (888) 448-4911.
Kutulukira kwa HIV kungakhale kuchokera:
- chithandizo cha singano mwachangu ndi wogwira ntchito zaumoyo wothandiza wodwala HIV
- kugwiriridwa, kugonana
- Osatetezeka komanso kugonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV
- kukhala ndi magazi a HIV (kapena thupi lina) mumatuluka m'maso mwako kapena pakamwa
- kukhala ndi chilonda chotseguka kapena chotupa chokhala ndi magazi a HIV (kapena madzi ena a thupi)
- kugawaniza singano (kapena zosawilitsidwa ndi zosavuta mankhwala) ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
- Kawirikawiri: Kuikidwa magazi kosadziwika ndi magazi a HIV
Chiwonetsero sichiphatikizapo kugonana kwaokha. Siphatikizapo kupsyopsyona kapena kulavulira.
Nthawi zina PEP imakhala ndi mankhwala awiri, koma malinga ndi chiopsezo ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala, PEP ikhoza kuphatikizapo mankhwala atatu, ndi mankhwala oyenera a mankhwala a HIV.
Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a HIV akupitirira mwezi umodzi.
Ngakhale iwo omwe atenga PEP akhala atatha kuwonekera, zambiri zomwe zimawonekera sizimayambitsa matenda. Chiopsezocho sichichepera 1 pa 100 pa mitundu yambiri yowonetsera. Ngakhalenso PEP isanayambe, zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kugonana, ngakhale pamene munthuyo adadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, sizinayambitse HIV. Zowopsa zimadalira chiwerengero cha mavairasi (momwe kachilombo kamene kalili m'magazi). Komabe, zoperewera zazing'ono zimayambitsa matendawa pafupifupi pafupifupi 2.3 pa 1,000. Kuopsa kwa kugonana kumadalira mtundu umenewo, ndi kugonana koyambirira kumakhala koopsa kwambiri (13.8 pa 1,000), pomwe mitundu ina ya kugonana imakhala ndi chiopsezo cha 4-11 pa 10,000.
PEP sizomwe amagwira ntchito, choncho munthu amene amatenga PEP pambuyo poyang'ana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo (makondomu) ndi mnzake kuti asapewe chiopsezo chilichonse.
Mtengo wa mankhwala a PEP wa HIV ukhoza kukhala vuto. Ngati ndinu munthu wokhudzidwa ndi chiwerewere kapena kuwonetseredwa kwanu ndi chifukwa cha zolakwa zina ndipo mukusowa thandizo ku US kulipira mankhwalawa, chonde funsani maofesi othandizira omwe akukumana nawo. Kwa ena, pali njira zina zopezera thandizo mwamsanga ngati mulibe inshuwalansi. Ndalama siziyenera kuchepetsa chisamaliro ngati ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawa atengedwa posakhalitsa.
Kumeneko Kungakhale Njira Yatsopano Yopewera HIV
6. Chojambulidwa, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV angakhale njira yina yotetezera ndi kuchiza HIV. Ichi si katemera. M'malo mwake, ndi zofanana ndi mapiritsi omwe amamwa mankhwala, PEP, kapena PrEP, koma amadya. Ili pafupi; sizili pano, koma zingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu momwe kachilombo ka HIV kangathandizire ndi kutetezedwa.
Ochita kafukufuku akhala akuyesetsa kupeza njira zothandizira ndi kupewa kupewa kuchita nthawi yaitali. Palibenso mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma ndi ntchito zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Kutenga mapiritsi tsiku lililonse ndi kovuta. Aliyense akhoza kuiwala. Tikamayiwala mapiritsi, magulu athu osokoneza bongo amatha kusiya. Ngati kukana kukukula ndi HIV, mankhwalawa amasiya kugwira ntchito. Mankhwala atsopano amayenera kuyambika, koma kukana kungathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito magulu onse a mankhwala ndipo pali magulu ambiri, kapena magulu ambiri, omwe amamwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Ndikofunika kupewa kupewa kukana.
Ngati mankhwala amatha kwa milungu kapena miyezi, sikungakhale kovuta kutsimikizira kuti chithandizocho chinatengedwa. Makliniki amatha kupereka chithandizo kwa iwo omwe anali ovuta kumwa mankhwala awo. Mwanjira imeneyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kumwa mankhwala, komanso kupewa kupewa.
Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV amatha kukhala masabata anayi kapena asanu kapena atatu. Iwo anali kuyembekezera kuti amatha milungu 12, koma amaoneka kuti akutha msanga kwambiri.
Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito anali ofanana ndi mankhwala omwe timagwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi, monga integrase inhibitors ndi NNRTIs (osati nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Kusiyanitsa ndikuti mankhwalawa anapangidwa kuti adzidwe. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala motalika kwambiri. M'malo movala tsiku limodzi kapena limodzi, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala pamtunda wokwanira kwa mwezi umodzi kapena awiri.
Zidzatenga nthawi kuti muwone momwe njirayi ikugwirira ntchito. Tidzawona momwe zimagwirira ntchito mwa anthu osiyanasiyana-zaka zosiyana, azisinkhu, ndi mankhwala osiyana, ndi mbiri zosiyana zachipatala.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mankhwalawa akhalebe okwanira m'magazi komanso mbali zina za thupi. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'magazi (ndi ziwalo zina za thupi) amatsika kwambiri, kachilomboka kangapangidwe kubwerera. Izi zingathe kukanika mosavuta ngati zovuta zosagonjetsedwa zingasankhidwe. Choncho, ngati ndikofunika kuti mapiritsi atengeke tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizofunika kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo asapangitse vuto lomwelo ndikutaya mofulumira kwambiri kwa anthu ena. Izi ziyenera kuyenera kuwerengera nthawi yomwe wina asankha kusiya mankhwala monga chifukwa cha zotsatira zake-ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala amatha kuchepa pakapita mankhwala.
Tidzawonanso ngati pali zotsatirapo kwa jekeseni zomwe ziri vuto. Majekeseni aperekedwa mu glutes, osati mdzanja, popeza pali zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa kupyolera mu katemera wa chimfine. Izi zimapwetekanso anthu ena.
Mankhwala onse amatenga mayeso ambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti amagwira ntchito monga momwe tikuyembekezera. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mawonekedwe atsopano adzayesedwa kwambiri. Maphunziro apamwamba tsopano asonyeza njira iyi kukhala yabwino ngati mapiritsi-ndipo palibe kutsutsa kwapezeka. Anthu ambiri adanena kuti amakonda chikondwererochi.
Mankhwala oterewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera ndi kuchiza.
Panthawi ina, omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kulandira mfuti kwa miyezi iwiri kuti awateteze. Izi sizitha kukhala katemera, koma m'malo mwake, ngati PREP, zidzakhala mankhwala okwanira kuti asatenge HIV kuti iwononge munthu. Izi sizingakhale zangwiro: mu maphunziro osachepera anthu awiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo, koma ena ambiri anatetezedwa.
Ena amatha kudandaula za kumwa mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku kuti azingoyendera kachipatala yawo pamphepo miyezi iwiri kapena miyezi iwiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala njira zatsopano zothandizira HIV. Zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri m'madera kumene chuma chilibe malire-ndipo masoka achilengedwe amapezeka kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi ngati anthu ayesetsa kupeza chitetezo mwadzidzidzi, kusiya nyumba zawo ndi zipatala, akhoza kukhala abwino kwa mwezi umodzi kapena awiri popanda mapiritsi awo. Zingathandizenso ndi zipatala zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusunga mankhwala ambiri ndikuyesera kupereka uphungu wotsatira. Mwa njira iyi, pakhoza kukhala njira zatsopano zothandizira HIV moyenera komanso zothandiza mankhwala amatha kuteteza kufala kwa HIV ndikuyimitsa kachilombo ka HIV.
> Zotsatira:
> Aids.gov. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
> Aids.gov. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
> CDC. Zowopsa za HIV.
> Margolis DA, Boffito M. Long-acting antiretroviral kwa kachilombo ka HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015; 10 (4): 246-52.