Njira Yotsogolera Kulimbana ndi Matenda Opatsirana ndi Mkaka
Ndi chakudya choyamba chimene timachiwona. Zili m'ma pastala, ma phokoso, zakudya zamasamba, custards, tchizi, yogurts, ndi ayisikilimu. Mkaka ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa ophika komanso chakudya chachikulu m'mabanja ambiri. Komabe, monga chinyama chodzaza ndi zakudya, pali matenda ambiri opatsirana omwe amapezeka ndi mkaka wosakaniza ndi mkaka.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ambiri mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amafa ndi kuperewera, ndipo motero, matendawa chifukwa cha mkaka ndi tchizi sawoneka bwino - komabe n'zotheka.
Kudyetsa
Kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi chifukwa chomwe timaperekera mkaka. Mukhoza kuphunzira za njira ndi nthano zokhudzana ndi kudya zakudya ngati mukuganiza kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri mutatha kuwerenga za ngozi zomwe zili pansipa.
Kodi Mkaka wa Ng'ombe Ukhoza Kudetsedwa Bwanji?
Monga momwe anthu onse amanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ziweto zonse zimachita chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zina tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta ng'ombe zomwe timanyamula zingakhale zovuta.
Ng'ombe zina za mkaka zimathera nthawi yochuluka kumadyetserako msipu, kumene zimakumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, ng'ombe zimangokhala kumalo osungirako malo, kumene zimakhala zovuta kwambiri mabakiteriya akhoza kukula ndi kufalitsa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe. Kuwonjezera apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakhala nawo ndi "mavitamini" omwe amapezekapo ndi ng'ombe popanda kuchititsa matenda amatha kukhala ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malo osungirako mazira ali ndi njira zambiri zowonongera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choyamba, monga madzi obirimitsa, mkaka umapereka malo abwino kwa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chachiwiri, kukonza mkaka kwazitsamba kumadzaza malo omwe "magalimoto apansi" kuchokera kwa antchito angakhale limodzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mavitamini Opatsirana Amapezeka M'kaka wa Cow
Pali mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe imapezeka mumkaka wa ng'ombe komanso zakudya zamkaka.
Kuopsa kwa zambiri mwa izi, koma osati zonse, zachepetsedwa ndi kuperewera. Zina mwazogulitsa zingasinthenso pazoopsa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yambiri yosavuta yoitanitsa (monga Brie) siidapangidwira komanso imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda (makamaka kwa amayi apakati) kusiyana ndi tchizi cholimba komanso chosadulidwa. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa matenda omwe ali okhudzana ndi mkaka.
Matenda a Bacillus Cereus
Bacillus cereus ndi mabakiteriya omwe amabweretsa poizoni. Mtundu umodzi wa poizoni ukhoza kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba pamene wina amachititsa kusanza. Bacillus cereus spores ndi osagwira kutentha ndipo akhoza kupulumuka pasteurization. Pakhala pali zochitika zosawerengeka kwambiri zokhudzana ndi mkaka wouma ndi mkaka wouma.
Brucellosis
Brucella ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka mu mkaka wopanda mkaka. Matenda a Brucella , kapena Brucellosis, adatchedwanso "Kutentha Kwambiri" chifukwa cha kutentha kwa malungo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi matendawa. Ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a nthawi yaitali osadziwika kuchokera kwa ana.
Campylobacter jejuni Matenda
Campylobacter jejuni ndi mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amachititsa matenda a m'mimba ku US kupha anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2.4 pachaka. Mabakiteriya amapezeka mkaka wabulu ndi nkhuku ndipo amayambitsa kutsekula m'mimba komanso kupweteka kwa m'mimba kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka asanu atatha.
Campylobacter ili ndi mwayi wochulukirapo wowonjezera matenda pakudya mkaka, chifukwa pH mkaka wamakono umapangitsa kuti asiye m'mimba, kuti mabakiteriya apulumuke.
Coxiella Burnetii Infections
Coxiella imakhudza nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ziweto ndi ziweto. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingapeze mkaka wa ng'ombe ndipo sitingathe kutentha ndi kuyanika. Kugonjetsedwa ndi Coxiella kumabweretsa Q fever, kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumatenga masabata awiri. Monga Brucella , ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha malungo osadziwika kwa ana.
E. Coli O157: H7 Matenda
The E. coli O157: Mliri wa H7 wa E. coli wagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa mimba yamagazi (hemorrhagic colitis.) Kawirikawiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ng ombe za mkaka, kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo ta mkaka ndi zofewa Zakudya zingayambitse matenda.
Mabakiteriyawa angayambitsenso hemolytic uremic syndrome (hamburger disease) yomwe imadziwika ndi chiwerengero chochepa chotchedwa platelet (thrombocytopenia) chomwe chimayambitsa magazi ndi impso kulephera.
Listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes ndi tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka mu tchizi zofewa (makamaka nkhuku zomwe zimatulutsidwa) ndi mkaka wosasunthika. Zitha kupulumuka kutentha kwapansi pansi ndipo zimatha kulimbana ndi firiji. Ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe afooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuphatikizapo amayi apakati, anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, komanso aang'ono kwambiri komanso okalamba kwambiri. Listeria ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti amapititsa padera, ndipo omwe ali ndi mimba ali pafupifupi 13 nthawi zambiri kuti atenge kachilomboka.
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Matenda a Paratuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ndi matenda a mycobacteria omwe amatha kulimbana ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya ndipo amathandizidwa ndi chitukuko cha matenda a Crohn, omwe amadziwikanso ngati kutupa kwa matenda a m'mimba. Sitikudziwikanso ngati mabakiteriyawa angathe kuwapatsira anthu ndipo bungwe lenileni la Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis ndi matenda a Crohn limatsutsabe.
Matenda a Mycobacterium Bovis
Mycobacterium , chifukwa cha "kumwa," ndi matenda owononga kwambiri omwe amayamba kukhudza mapapu, Mycobacterium bovis amagwiritsidwa ntchito powagwiritsa ntchito mkaka wosakanizika ndipo ndiwo amodzi mwasokonezeka kwambiri asanayambe kudya. Zili ngati TB (kapena TB) yomwe tiri nayo tsopano, koma ndi kusiyana kosiyana kwa mabakiteriya. Kuyesera kuchepetsa mwayi wa ng'ombe zomwe zimanyamula kapena kufalikira mtundu uwu wa TB ndi chifukwa chomwe sitikuwonanso matendawa nthawi zambiri. M. bovis amachititsa chifuwa chachikulu ku mbuzi ndipo amatha kupitsidwira kwa anthu kudzera mkaka wathanzi wosagonjetsedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe ali ofanana ndi a TB.
Salmonella Infections
Salmonella kuwonongeka kwa mkaka waukhondo ndi mkaka wamakono kwachititsa kuti ziphuphu zingapo zitheke m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Zizindikiro zimatinso kutsegula m'mimba komanso kutentha thupi.
Matenda a Staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus aureus amapanga poizoni amene amachititsa kusanza kosasunthika ndipo ndi chifukwa chofala cha "potluck" chifukwa cha poizoni wa chakudya. Poizoni wa zakudya kuchokera ku Staphyloccous aureus sichimayambitsa matenda a mabakiteriya, koma m'malo mwake mabakiteriya amamasula poizoni mu chakudya chimene chimatuluka kutentha. Kutentha, mabakiteriya amafa, koma poizoni, pokhala kutenthetsa kutentha, amapitirizabe.
Yersinia Enterocolitis Matenda
Matenda a Yersinia entocolitis amayamba kudya mkaka ndi ayisikilimu pakati pa zakudya zina. Zikuoneka kuti kuipitsidwa ndiko chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa njira zowonongeka ndi njira zowonongeka pamakampani opanga mkaka.
Nanga bwanji za Mad Cow Disease?
Matenda a Cow Cow, omwe amatchedwanso bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE), ndi matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha ndipo amayamba ndi mapuloteni opatsirana otchedwa " prion ." Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama kuchokera ku ng'ombe ndi BSE kungayambitse matendawa. Kwa anthu, matendawa amatchedwa "matenda osokoneza bongo otchedwa spongiform encephalopathy" kapena "kusiyana kwa matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob ."
Mwamwayi chifukwa cha mkaka wa mkaka ndi ogula mkaka, mankhwalawa sakupezeka mkaka wochokera kwa ng'ombe zowonongeka, komanso kupatsirana kudzera mwakumwa kwa mkaka wa ng'ombe. Mwachidule, simungapeze Matenda a Mad Cow kuchokera mkaka.
Pansi - Mmene Mungapewere Matenda Opatsirana ndi Mkaka
Zingakhale zoopsa kuti mudziwe za matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angaperekedwe ndi mkaka, koma njira zingapo zosavuta zingachepetse mwayi wodwala matendawa:
- Musamwe mkaka wosakaniza. Imwani mkaka wosakanizidwa ndi zakudya zina za mkaka.
- Ganizirani kawiri ndikuwerenga malemba pamene mumagula "organic." Zogulitsa zakudya zambiri zamagetsi zimagulitsa mankhwala osakanizika a mkaka.
- Chenjerani ndi tchizi zofewa. Zina mwa izi, makamaka zomwe zimatulutsidwa, sizikudziwika. Popeza kuti matendawa monga Listeria amachititsa kuti mayi azidwala matenda ochepa okha, nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi chifukwa chopita padera.
- Sungani zakumwa za mkaka firiji pamapeto a tsiku lomwe lalembedwa pa phukusi.
- Musasiye zakudya zilizonse, makamaka zomwe ziri ndi mkaka, kunja kwa firiji kwa maola oposa awiri (ndipotu, zochepa.) Pitirizani kukumbukira kuti poizoni zabakiteriya zingapitirizebe kupuma ngakhale kuti mabakiteriyawo amaphedwa.
- Samalani pamene mukupita ku mayiko omwe akutukuka, tsatirani zowonongeka za dziko lomwe mulimo ndipo musadye mkaka wakuda.
- Zakudya zopaka mkaka ndi zosafunika sizomwe zimayambitsa poizoni. Kupha poizoni kumakhala kofala kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira, pokambirana zambiri za "chimfine cha m'mimba" mwa anthu akuluakulu ndizoopsa poizoni.
Zotsatira
- > Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Mkaka Wosakaniza (Wosakwanira). Kusinthidwa 02/22/17. Mkaka Wosakaniza (Wosakwanira). Kusinthidwa 02/22/17.
- > Harvey, R., Zakjour, C., ndi L. Gould. Kuphulika kwa Matenda Odyetsa Zakudya Zogwirizana ndi Organic Foods ku United States. Journal of Chitetezo Chakudya . 2016. 79 (11): 1953-1958.