Kuyankhulana kulimbikitsana kwambiri.
Kuyankhulana ndi njira yokhala pafupi-debunked yolumikizana ndi anthu osalankhula pa autism spectrum . Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi ndi "wotsogolera" omwe ntchito yake ndi kuthandiza munthu wotchuka ngati akulemba mayankho awo ku mafunso, malingaliro, ndi nkhawa. Nthaŵi zina, chithandizo chimakhudza thupi kumagwira manja a autistic.
Momwe akuthandizira FC Kufotokozera Njirayi
Dipatimenti ya Yunivesite ya Syracuse ya Institute of Communication ndi Inclusion ikupitiriza kuphunzitsa FC ngati njira yolankhulirana yolankhulirana. Apa ndi momwe akufotokozera zomwe akuzitcha tsopano "kujambula kujambula":
Kuyankhulana (FC) kapena Chida Chothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyankhulana ndi othandizira (AAC) omwe anthu olemala ndi zofooka zawo amalankhulira mwachitsanzo (mwachitsanzo, pa zithunzi, makalata, kapena zinthu) ndipo, makamaka, polemba (mwachitsanzo, mukhibodi). Njirayo imaphatikizapo wokambirana naye yemwe angalimbikitse mtima, kuyankhulana kumathandiza (mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsetsa kuti atsimikizire kuti munthuyo akuyang'ana pa chibokosiko ndikuyang'ana zolakwika) ndi zothandizira zosiyanasiyana, monga kuchepetsa ndi kukhazikika kayendetsedwe ka munthu, kulepheretsa kulongosola, kapena kumukakamiza munthuyo kuyamba kuyang'ana; Wotsogolera sayenera kusuntha kapena kutsogolera munthuyo.
Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwanso ngati Facilitated Communication Training chifukwa cholinga chake ndi kujambula zozizwitsa, pafupi ndi kujambula kwaokha (mwachitsanzo, dzanja pamapewa kapena kukhudza kwake) kapena kuphatikiza kulankhula ndi kulemba - anthu ena apanga luso lowerenga mokweza ndi / kapena kulankhula kale komanso pamene akulemba. Chizindikiro cholankhulana chimalimbikitsa kuyanjana kwa chiyanjano, maphunziro, komanso kutenga nawo mbali m'masukulu ophatikizapo komanso m'midzi.
Mbiri ya Kuyankhulana Kwadongosolo
Kuyankhulana koyamba kunayambitsidwa ndi a Rosemary Crossley waku Australia, wogwira ntchito ku St. Nicholas Hospital ku Melbourne, Australia. Pofika m'ma 1980 chidwi cha njirayi chinali kukula. Ngati ndizovomerezeka, FC ikhoza "kutsegula" maganizo a anthu osalankhula, kuwapangitsa kuti afotokoze malingaliro awo, malingaliro awo, ndi zosowa zawo.
M'zaka za m'ma 1990, chidwi chachikulu mwa FC chinapangitsa kuti ziwonekere ngati zotsatira zosaneneka: anthu omwe alibe chidziwitso padziko lapansi mwadzidzidzi anali kufotokozera malingaliro ndi malingaliro ovuta. Nthawi zina, iwo adalongosola zochitika za kugwiriridwa. Pambuyo potsutsana kwambiri, ofufuza adapeza kuti anthu omwe amaganiziridwa kuti "akulankhulana" analidi kutsogoleredwa ndi otsogolera awo.
Mu 1994, bungwe la American Psychological Association linanena momveka bwino kuti panalibe umboni wa sayansi wothandizira FC. Bungwe la American Speech-Language-Hearing ndi American Academy of Pediatrics linanena mawu ofananawo. Zovuta zawo - kuti FC ikhoza kuvulaza - idathandizidwa pamene anthu ambiri autistic, pogwiritsa ntchito FC, amati amadandaula kuti anagwiriridwa ndi osamalira awo.
Pambuyo pofufuza kwambiri ndi kupwetekedwa mtima, milandu inachotsedwa.
Ngakhale kuti panali zovuta komanso zotsutsana, chidwi cha FC chinapitiriza. Sunivesite ya Syracuse, yomwe idakhazikitsa bungwe la Facilitated Communication Institute, inachita kafukufuku. Olemba mabuku, kuphatikizapo mphoto ya Academy ya 2005-yosankhidwa ndi Autism Is World , adachita chidwi ndi anthu onse. Ofufuza ku Syracuse, komanso University of Kansas ndi University of New Hampshire (pakati pa ena) akupitiriza kufufuza FC ndi kumvetsa kuti ndilo phunziro lovomerezeka.
Nkhani Yotsutsa FC
Kawirikawiri, akatswiri ambiri amakana FC, ndipo mabungwe kuphatikizapo American Speech-Hearing-Language Association, American Psychological Association, ndi ena ali ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni yonena kuti FC ndi njira yosatsutsika yomwe ingathe kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino.
Anthu omwe amakana FC amanena kuti wotsogolera FC - yemwe amachirikiza mwakachetechete mkono kapena dzanja la typer - kwenikweni, akungoyang'ana maganizo ake kapena malingaliro ake. Nthaŵi zina, malingaliro ameneŵa adaphatikizapo kudandaula kolakwika kwa makolo ndi osamalira.
Pofotokoza kufotokozera kwa FC, akatswiri ena amafanizira FC ndi bolodi la Ouija. Bokosi la osija ndi bolodi lokhala ndi makalata. Anthu awiri amaika zala zawo pa chikhomo, ndipo mizimu ya akufa imayenera kutsogolera manja awo makalata pa bolodi, kutchula uthenga wochokera kumbuyo kwa manda. Kawirikawiri uthenga umatchulidwa - koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito okhawo akusuntha manja awo mosadziwa.
Mlandu wa FC
Anthu omwe amathandizira FC monga chida chenicheni choyankhulana ndi anthu osalankhula pa autism spectrum achita kafukufuku wawo. Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro othandizira akhala akuyang'ana pa kafukufuku wina. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti typer alidi, kulemba maganizo ake, amafunsa mafunso omwe wothandizira sangathe kuyankha. Nthaŵi zina, typer kwenikweni typed mayankho bwino.
Institute of Communication and Inclusion imalemba maphunziro ambiri omwe anawonedwa pa anzako monga omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, ambiri kuyambira pachiyambi ndi m'ma 1990 pamene FC inali yotchuka kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, njira yatsopano koma yofanana yotchedwa "Rapid Pointing" yathandizira kukweza chidwi pa njirayi. Kuwonetsa Mwamsanga kukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'buku la Strange Son la Portia Iversen , ndipo FC ikhonza kuwonetsedwa muchithunzi mu Autism: The Musical.
Kodi Tiyese FC?
Ndiko kuyesa kwambiri kholo la mwana yemwe ali ndi autism osayesa kuyesa FC (kapena Rapid Pointing). Lingaliro lakuti pali malingaliro mkati mwa mwana wanu, kuyembekezera zida zowonekera, ndi zovuta kwambiri.
Koma kodi ndibwino kuyesa FC?
Ngakhale pali mabungwe ndi mabungwe omwe angapereke maphunziro a FC (kuphatikizapo yunivesite ya Syracuse), FC siyi yoyamba yolankhulirana. Musanayambe kucheza ndi FC, ndizomveka kuyesa kuphunzitsa mwana ndi autism kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino, zomveka bwino. Zosankha zina ndizo makadi a chithunzi , Chilankhulo cha Chizindikiro cha ku America, zipangizo zamagetsi monga zipangizo zamakono zopangira, zipangizo za digito, ndi, ndithudi, zolemba zosavomerezeka (zosavomerezeka). Sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri, koma zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ngati, komabe zida zambiri zatha, FC ikhoza kukhala njira yoyenera kuyesa. Ngati mutayesa FC, onetsetsani kuti mufufuze wothandizira ndi wothandizira bwinobwino kuti musayesedwe.
Zotsatira:
Elliott, James. >> Nkhondo ya njira yotsutsana ya kulankhulana kwa autism. Atlantic . Mwezi wa 2016.Phunzitseni pa Kuyankhulana ndi Kuphatikizidwa. Mbiri yopezeka kulembedwa. Sunivesite ya Syracuse. Webusaiti. 2016
> Trembath, D. et al. Chenjezo: nthano imatsatira! "Kulankhulana kwabwino, makolo ndi akatswiri pazochita zokhudzana ndi umboni, ndi mphamvu yachinyengo. Kuunika kwa Kuwonetsera Kwachindunji ndi Kupewera Vol. > 9 Nkhani 32015