Palibe mankhwala omwe angapangitse autism makamaka, koma ambiri angathandize ndi zizindikiro zake
Wawerenga kuti palibe mankhwala ochiritsira a autism , komabe dokotala akufotokoza mankhwala. Kodi ndi chiyani? Yankho ndi lophweka. Dokotala wanu samachiza autism: iye akuchitira zizindikiro za autism. Kawirikawiri, pamene zizindikiro zimachiritsidwa, anthu omwe ali ndi autism amatha kuphunzira, kulankhulana, komanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi ena.
Zizindikiro za Autism Zimene Zingathetsedwe ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a autism ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo, ndipo sizizindikiro zonse zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa atchulidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism, amayenera kuthana ndi zizindikiro zina, kuphatikizapo nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa kwambiri, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, komanso kusokonezeka maganizo kuchokera ku matenda monga bipolar.
Kuchepetsa Nkhawa ndi Kuvutika Maganizo
Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) akulamulidwa kuti azidandaula, kuvutika maganizo, ndi / kapena matenda osokoneza maganizo (OCD). Pazinthuzi, Prozac (fluoxetine) yokhayo yavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 8 ndi zoposa ndi OCD mwa ana asanu ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo. Lexapro (escitalopram) imavomerezedwanso kwa ana omwe ali ndi maganizo ovutika omwe ali ndi zaka 12 kapena kuposa. Ma SSRI atatu omwe anavomerezedwa kwa OCD ndi Luvox (fluvoxamine) a ana a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri; Zoloft (sertraline) kwa ana a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kupitilira; ndi Anafranil (clomipramine) kwa ana a zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo.
Wellbutrin ndi yodetsa nkhaŵa yomwe imagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi SSRI yomwe imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndipo sivomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana.
Chenjezo la FDA Ponena za mankhwala a SSRI
A FDA apereka uphungu kwa odwala, mabanja, ndi akatswiri azaumoyo kuti azitsatira mosamala akulu ndi ana omwe amadwala matendawa chifukwa cha zizindikiro zodzipha.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo kapena pamene mankhwala amasinthidwa.
Kuwongolera Mavuto a Zizolowezi
Ana ambiri a autistic ali ndi mavuto akuluakulu. Ena akhoza kuyang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga momwe ntchito ikuyendera (ABA), Floortime mankhwala, ndi zina. Koma ngati makhalidwe sakhala oyenera kapena oopsa, nthawi ikhoza kuganizira mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic. Izi zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa ntchito ya neurotransmitter dopamine mu ubongo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya antipsychotics, kuphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala akale a antipsychotic: Mankhwala achikulire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati achikulire monga haloperidol, thioridazine, fluphenazine, ndi chlorpromazine, akhoza kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu. Koma onse, kuphatikizapo haloperidol, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa monga kusungunuka, kupsinjika kwa minofu, ndi kusayenda kosazolowereka, kotero mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antipsychotics atsopano sagwira ntchitoyo.
- Mankhwala atsopano a antipsychotic: Ena mwa atsopano "antiyystical" antipsychotics angakhale abwino, makamaka kwa ana. Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa anasonyeza kuti Risperdal (risperidone) ndi Abilify (aripiprazole) anagwira bwino ntchito yothandizira kuthetsa nkhanza ndi kukhumudwitsa ana. Onse awiriwa ndi a FDA omwe amavomereza kuti azisokoneza ana omwe ali ndi autism; Risperdal imavomerezedwa kwa ana omwe ali asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri ndipo Abilify amavomerezedwa kwa ana 6 ndi apo.
Kuchiza Mliri
Mmodzi mwa anthu anai ali ndi matenda a autism (ASD) ali ndi vuto la kulumala. Kawirikawiri, amachiritsidwa ndi anticonvulsants monga Tegretol (carbamazepine), Lamictal (lamotrigine), Topamax (topiramate), kapena Depakote (valproic acid). Mlingo wa mankhwala m'magazi uyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi kusinthidwa kotero kuti zochepa zedi zitheke zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala zogwira mtima. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala nthawi zambiri amachepetsa chiwerengero cha kugwidwa, sizingathetsedwe nthawi zonse.
Kuchiza Kusatetezeka ndi Kutha Kwachangu
Mankhwala othandiza monga Concerta (methylphenidate) ndi Strattera (atomoxetine) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mogwira mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lodziletsa matenda (ADHD) adayananso kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism.
Mankhwalawa angachepetse kutengeka komanso kusasamala kwa ana ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi ana apamwamba. Adderall (dextroamphetamine ndi amphetamine) ndi chinthu china chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi Concerta kapena Strattera kuthandiza, kuganizira, ndi khalidwe. Clorpres (clonidine), ndi antihypertensive, nthawi zina imatchulidwa kuti ikhale yopanda mphamvu komanso yowonongeka.
Kuyeza Zosokoneza Mankhwala
Mankhwala onse omwe atchulidwa m'nkhani ino ali ndi zotsatirapo za zotsatirapo. Ena, pamene atumizidwa ku autism, amalembedwa kuti "off-label," kutanthauza kuti iwo akulamulidwa kuzinthu zina osati zomwe adavomerezedwa. Kumbukirani kuti palibe mankhwala omwe amabwera popanda mavuto.
Funsani ndi Dokotala
Chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha mankhwala alionse, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro zili zovuta kapena zosayendetsedwa ndi njira zina. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti mufunse dokotala ndi chidziwitso ku autism ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, ana. Onetsetsani kuti mumvetsetsa zotsatira zake. Funsani dokotala ngati zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa zomwe mungachite ngati pali mavuto. Pangani mgwirizano wotsatila kuti dokotala wanu athe kuwona zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndikupatseni kusintha kwa mlingo.
> Zotsatira:
> DeFilippis M, Wagner KD. Kuchiza kwa Autism Spectrum Disorder mu Ana ndi Achinyamata. Psychopharmacology Bulletin . 2016; 46 (2): 18-41.
> Chipatala cha Mayo Clinic. Kudetsa nkhaŵa kwa Ana ndi Achinyamata. Chipatala cha Mayo. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 27, 2016.
> Van Schalkwyk GI, Lewis AS, Beyer C, Johnson J, van Rensburg S, Bloch MH. Kuchita bwino kwa Antipsychotics kwa Kukhumudwa ndi Chiwawa kwa Ana: Meta-Analysis. Akatswiri Ofufuza za Neurotherapeutics . September 11, 2017; 17 (10): 1045-1053. lembani: 10.1080 / 14737175.2017.1371012.