Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chimati makolo, atalandira chithandizo cha autism kwa mwana wawo, ayenera kuthamanga-osati kuyenda-ku malo oyandikana nawo oyambirira.
Kupita mofulumira koyamba, akuti, ndicho chinsinsi cha "zotsatira zabwino" kwa ana okhala ndi autism. Akatswiri a sayansi akhala akudziwa kuti ubongo umakula mofulumira pakati pa zaka zero ndi zitatu, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kuyambitsana koyambirira kungakhale njira yabwino yothetsera matenda a ubwana.
Koma sayansi imati chiyani za zotsatira za kuthandizira koyambirira kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism?
Kodi Kupititsa Kumayambiriro Koyamba Kumayambitsa Autism?
Phunziro limodzi limasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 14% mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism omwe amatha zaka ziwiri za pulogalamu yotchedwa Early Start Denver Model idzasintha kwambiri. Ndipotu, anawo sakanatha kuyenerera matenda a autism ngati atayesedwa pa msinkhu wotsatira. Pulogalamu yomweyi yotchedwa LEAP inali ndi zotsatira zofanana. Palinso umboni wina wakuti mapulogalamuwa angasinthe momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito.
Pali, komabe, zolemba zochepa zofufuza izi.
- Choyamba, ndi zoona kuti ambiri mwa ana omwe amayamba kuchita zinthu mofulumira samakula kwambiri. Inde, zizindikiro zawo zikhoza kusintha, koma zikhonza kukhala ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu ndi zovuta.
- Chachiwiri ndizopeza kuti ngakhale ana omwe zizindikiro za autism zimakula kwambiri zimasiyidwa ndi zovuta zachitukuko ndi / kapena khalidwe. Ndipotu, anawo nthawi zambiri amawoneka ndi matenda monga ADHD, kulemala kuphunzira, kulemala, ndi zina zotero.
- Chachitatu, kudziŵa molondola kwa autism ndiko, mwakutanthawuza, kudwala kwa nthawi zonse.Zomwe zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mu msinkhu wazaka 6 zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kwa mwana wazaka 20. Mavuto omwe amalankhula, kukhumudwa, ndi kubwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati anthu akukumana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta.
Kodi Zotsatira za Kupititsa Patsogola Kwambiri Kuyambira Kale?
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mitundu ina yowonongeka mofulumira imapanga kusiyana kwa zaka zingapo pambuyo pa chithandizochi. Mpaka pazomwe kusinthako kudzadutsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pakali pano, osadziwika.
Kodi N'kwabwino Kwambiri Kuchiritsa Mankhwala Akale?
Ngakhale pali zifukwa zomveka zoyenera kuthandizirapo, pali zochepa zofukufuku zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kutengapo koyambirira kumapereka chiyembekezo chowonjezereka kusiyana ndi pambuyo pake.
Phunziro limodzi laling'ono linayang'ana pulogalamu yotchedwa "Infant Start." Chithandizocho chinaperekedwa ndi makolo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka ana a miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi asanu omwe anawonetsa chizindikiro cha autism, monga kuchepetsa kuyang'ana kwa maso, chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena kugwirizana, kubwereza kayendetsedwe kake , ndi kusalankhula mwadzidzidzi. Ana asanu ndi mmodzi mwa ana asanu ndi awiri mu phunziroli adapambana modabwitsa.
Kodi izi zikutanthawuza kuti ana onse omwe ali ndi kuchedwa ayenera kutenga nthawi yayitali? Panthawiyi, sitidziwa.
Ndipotu, Geraldine Dawson, Ph.D., Pulofesa wa Psychology ndi Mkulu wa University of Washington Autism Center, akunena mfundo yotsatirayi: "Pa zonse zomwe tikudziwa, mwana yemwe ali ndi kuchedwa kwa chitukuko akhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wochuluka wa kukula .
Ndikuganiza kuti sizothandiza kuwalimbikitsa makolo mwanjira imeneyo. Ndawawona ana omwe amayamba mofulumira ndikugwira-mwamsanga ana ambiri omwe akuwongolera mofulumira kwambiri omwe anapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kenaka amasiya sukulu za pulayimale. "
Chifukwa Chakuyamba Kutsegulira Kwa Autism Kumapangitsa Kudziwa
Kupititsa patsogolo koyamba ndilo lingaliro labwino. Koma sizikudziwikiratu kuti zowonongeka komanso zoyenera kuchita, zimakhala bwino. Makolo omwe amathamangira kuchipatala mwachiyembekezo kuti mwana wawo akhoza "kubwezeretsa" ku autism amakhumudwa-pamene makolo omwe adadikirira "motalika kwambiri" angaone zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Koma bwanji kudikira?
Ndizomveka kuchitira mwana ndi autism mwamsanga. Zifukwa zonsezi ndizofukufuku komanso zofala:
- Ana omwe ali ndi sukulu ndi sukulu alibe zofunikira zina, kotero tsiku lawo lonse likhoza kudzipereka kuchipatala (mosiyana ndi ophunzira).
- Ana a zaka ziwiri ali ndi zizoloŵezi zochepa, kotero ndi zosavuta kusiya makhalidwe oipa asanayambe kusokonezeka.
- Kuthandiza ana kuti aphunzire makhalidwe ovomerezeka aumunthu ali wamng'ono kwambiri ndi lingaliro lalikulu ngati ali ndi autism kapena ayi.
- Kupititsa patsogolo koyambirira nthawi zonse kumaperekedwa kwaulere, kotero palibe malipiro.
- Ngakhale ngati, mwazifukwa zina, mwana wanu adapezeka kuti ali ndi autism, mapulogalamu oyambirira omwe amaperekedwa kwa ana pafupipafupi nthawi zambiri amasangalatsa, kusewera, komanso osasokonezeka. Simuyenera kudandaula kuti mwana wanu adzalandira chithandizo chovulaza.
Kodi mankhwalawa amathandiza bwanji? Izi zimadalira mwanayo. Monga mwana aliyense ali ndi mbiri yake, luso, ndi mavuto, mwana aliyense adzakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Koma ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi bwino kwambiri kusiyana ndi palibe, makamaka ngati kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumabwera mwa njira zatsopano zolankhulirana zomwe zimalola mwana kufotokoza zikhumbo zake ndi zosowa zake.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Inde, kuthandizira mofulumira ndi lingaliro labwino. Palibe chomwe chingatayike ndipo zonse zimapindula mwa kutenga mwana ndi autism kukhala mankhwala oyenera nthawi yomwe angakwanitse. Ponena izi, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuyambitsana koyambirira sikungathetseretu zizindikiro za autism. Ndipo ngakhale zizindikiro za mwana wanu zikukula bwino, pali mwayi waukulu kuti zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi khalidwe , chitukuko, ndi / kapena nzeru zikhalebe.
> Zotsatira:
> Kuyankhulana ndi Geraldine Dawson, Ph.D., Pulofesa wa Psychology ndi Mkulu wa University of Washington Autism Center. > January > 2007.
> Dawson G, Toth K, Abbott R, Osterling J, Munson J, Estes A, Liaw J. Kutanganidwa koyambirira kwa anthu mu autism: chikhalidwe cha anthu, kugwirizana, komanso kuvutika maganizo.Dev Psychol. 2004 Mar; 40 (2): 271-83.
> Dawson G, Zanolli K. Kuteteza koyambirira ndi pulasitiki mu autism.Novartis Yopezeka Symp. 2003; 251: 266-74; kukambirana 274-80, 281-97.
> Estes et al. "Zotsatira za Nthawi Zakale Zowonongeka Kwambiri M'zaka Zaka 6 Zomwe Ali ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. July 2015, Voliyumu 54, Nkhani 7, Tsamba 580-587.
> Matson JL. Kusankha zotsatira za mankhwala mu mapulogalamu oyambirira opatsirana odwala matenda a autism: Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa zochitika pamayendedwe ophunzirira.
> UC Davis. Kuchitapo kanthu mu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi autism kumatsimikizira zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwachitukuko. "September 8, 2014