Zolinga za matenda a Autism
Pambuyo pa May 2013, panali magulu asanu osiyana a autism. Masiku ano, molingana ndi American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual, DSM-5, pali Autism Spectrum Disorder imodzi yokha. Kaya autism yanu ndi yovuta kapena yofatsa , kaya mukupeza kuti ndi Asperger syndrome kapena Autistic Disorder, tsopano mwagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mambulizi omwewo.
Ngati muli ndi matenda a autism spectrum matenda- ngakhale omwe salipo mu DSM-mumakali ngati autistic.
Momwe DSM (Kufufuza Buku) imagwirira ntchito
DSM-5, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa "Baibulo" ya matenda a matenda aumaganizo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa omwe amapatsidwa chithandizo, mautumiki otani, komanso ngati ali oyenerera maphunziro apadera. Ngati mwana wanu akuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yemwe amamverera kuti akugwirizana ndi izi, adzalandira zonse zomwe akupeza ndikupeza mankhwala, kuphatikizapo chithandizo, maphunziro apadera, ndi zina zomwe zingakhalepo kudzera m'dera lanu kapena m'dera lanu.
Nazi njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A. Kuperewera kosalekeza m'malumikizidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'madera ambiri, monga momwe akuwonetseredwa ndi zotsatirazi, panopa kapena mbiriyakale:
1. Kusokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuchoka ku chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi kulephera kwa kuyankhulana kwabwino; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zosowa, kukhudzidwa, kapena kukhudza; kulephera kuyambitsa kapena kuyankhira kumayanjanako.
2. Kusokonekera kwa makhalidwe osalankhulana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kulankhulana momveka bwino komanso kosagwirizana; zosavuta kuonana ndi maso ndi thupi kapena zoperewera kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manja; kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa nkhope ndi kulankhulana kosagwirizana.
3. Kusokonezeka mukulingalira, kusunga, ndi kumvetsetsa maubwenzi, monga, kuchokera ku mavuto kuti athe kusintha khalidwe kuti athe kutsatizana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana; kuvutika pakugawana masewero owonetsa kapena kupanga mabwenzi; kusowa chidwi kwa anzako.
B. Zowonongeka, kachitidwe kawiri kachitidwe, zofuna, kapena ntchito, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zosachepera ziwiri zotsatirazi, panopa kapena mbiri
1. Kusinthidwa kapena kubwereza magalimoto, kusagwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kapena kulankhula (mwachitsanzo, zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito magalimoto, kuika zidole kapena zozizira, echolalia , mawu a idiosyncratic).
2 .Kusagwirizana pazinthu zokhazokha, kusagwirizana ndi zochitika, kapenanso zochitika zolakwika za mawu kapena mawu osayankhula (mwachitsanzo, kupsyinjika kwakukulu pa kusintha kwakukulu, mavuto ndi kusintha, kulingalira kolimba, miyambo yolonjera, amafunika kutenga njira yomweyo kapena kudya chakudya chomwecho tsiku lililonse).
Zofuna zowonjezereka, zomwe zimangokhala zovuta kapena zovuta (monga chida cholimba kapena chokhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilendo, zofuna zambiri).
4. Kusokoneza mphamvu kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kumaganizo kapena zachilendo zosagwirizana ndi zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, kusamvetsetsana kukumva kupweteka / kutentha, kusokoneza mawu kapena maonekedwe, kukhumudwitsa kwambiri kapena kugwirana ndi zinthu, kuyang'ana ndi magetsi kapena kuyenda) .
C. Zizindikiro ziyenera kupezeka pa nthawi yoyambirira yopititsa patsogolo (koma sizingatheke kuwonetseredwa mpaka zofuna zaumphawi zikupitirira malire ochepa, kapena zikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi njira zophunzirira m'moyo wamtsogolo).
D. Zizindikiro zimayambitsa matenda aakulu m'zinthu zamagulu, ntchito, kapena malo ena ofunikira.
E. Kusokonezeka uku sikuli bwino kufotokozedwa ndi kulemala kwaumunthu (matenda opititsa patsogolo nzeru) kapena kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa dziko lonse. Kulemala kwaumwini ndi matenda a autism spectrum nthawi zambiri zimachitika; kupanga zovuta zowonongeka za matenda a autism spectrum ndi kulemala kwaumunthu, kuyankhulana kwabwino kumakhala pansi pa zomwe zikuyembekezeka pa msinkhu wachitukuko.
Zimene Muyenera Kuchita Ngati Mwana Wanu Akuwoneka Kuti Akugwirizana ndi Zotsatira za Autism
Zotsatira za autism zingawoneke bwino, ndipo mukhoza kutsimikiza kuti mwana wanu ndi autistic. Komabe, pali mayesero ena omwe amathandiza akatswiri kudziwa ngati zizindikiro zimakwera kufika pa autism. N'zotheka kuti zizindikiro monga autism zimayambitsa chinthu china osati autism; kumva kutayika, nkhawa, kulankhula, komanso ADHD zingakhale zolakwika chifukwa cha autism.
Ngati mukuda nkhaŵa, komabe ndi lingaliro labwino kwambiri kufunafuna kufufuza ndi kuyesa. Kuwonetsa kawirikawiri kumaperekedwa ndi dokotala wanu wa ana. Ngakhale sichidziŵika bwino, chingathandize dokotala wanu kudziwa ngati kufufuza kuli koyenerera.
Kuyesa ndi ndondomeko yomwe imaphatikizapo akatswiri angapo ndipo ikuphatikizapo mayesero ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana. Dokotala wanu wamankhwala, katswiri wa zamaganizo, kapena sukulu ya Autism Society angakuthandizeni kupeza gulu loyesa lomwe liri luso ndi luso.
Zotsatira:
Association of Psychiatric Association. (2000). Buku lachidziwitso ndi zowerengera za matenda a maganizo (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC.
Association of Psychiatric Association. (2013). Buku lachidziwitso ndi zowerengera za matenda a maganizo (5th ed.). Washington, DC.