Tanthauzo
Gulukosi 6 Kuperewera kwa Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) ndilo vuto lalikulu la mavitamini padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 400 akukhudzidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chikhazikitso chomwe chimachokera ku chisinthiko chomwe chatengera.
G6PD ndi enzyme yomwe imapezeka mu selo lofiira la magazi lomwe limafunikira kupereka mphamvu ku selo. Popanda mphamvu imeneyi, selo lofiira la magazi limawonongedwa ndi thupi (hemolysis) lomwe limayambitsa matenda a magazi m'thupi ndi jaundice (khungu la chikasu).
Ndani ali pangozi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa G6PD?
Geni ya G6PD ili pa X chromosome yomwe imapangitsa amuna kukhala osowa kwa G6PD (matenda okhudzana ndi X). Kulephera kwa G6PD kumateteza anthu kuti asatenge kachilombo ka malungo kotero kuti kawirikawiri amapezeka m'madera omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu a malungo monga Africa, Mediterranean, ndi Asia. Ku United States, amuna 10 aliwonse a ku Africa-America ali ndi vuto la G6PD.
Kodi Zizindikiro Ndi Ziti?
Zizindikiro zimadalira kusintha komwe mumalandira. Anthu ena sangazindikire kuti palibe zizindikiro zomwe zilipo. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto la G6PD ali ndi zizindikiro pokhapokha atalandira mankhwala kapena zakudya zina (onani mndandanda pansipa). Anthu ena amatha kupezeka ngati ana atangoyamba kubadwa atapweteka kwambiri (omwe amatchedwanso hyperbilirubinemia). Odwalawa ndi omwe ali ndi machitidwe oopsa a G6PD odwala ndi matenda aakulu a hemolysis, zizindikiro zikuphatikizapo:
- Mtundu wofiira kapena wotumbululuka kwa khungu
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwamsanga
- Kutopa kapena kutopa
- Kumva kutayika kapena chizungulire
- Khungu la khungu (jaundice) kapena maso (scleral icterus)
- Mtsinje wakuda
Kodi Kutaya kwa G6PD Kumapezeka Bwanji?
Kuzindikira kusowa kwa G6PD kungakhale kovuta. Choyamba, dokotala wanu ayenera kukayikira kuti muli ndi magazi m'thupi (kutaya maselo ofiira a magazi). Izi kawirikawiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi ndi chiwerengero cha reticulocyte.
Reticulocytes ndi maselo ofiira a magazi omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera m'mafupa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi. Matenda a m'mimba omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri chokhala ndi reticulocyte akugwirizana ndi hemolytic anemia. Mabala ena angaphatikizepo chiwerengero cha bilirubin chomwe chidzakwezedwa. Bilirubiin amamasulidwa ku selo lofiira la magazi pamene agwidwa ndi kuyambitsa jaundice panthawi ya mavuto oopsa.
Pofuna kudziwa momwe matendawa akugwiritsidwira ntchito, dokotala wanu adzafunika kuthetsa vuto la kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi (AIHA). Mayeso owonetsetsa a globulin test (omwe amatchedwanso kuti Coombs 'test) amayesa ngati pali ma antibodies ku maselo ofiira ofunikira omwe amawawombera ndi chitetezo chanu cha mthupi. Monga momwe nthawi zambiri amapezera magazi, zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri m'magazi. Mu kuchepa kwa G6PD, maselo akuluma ndi maselo amadzimadzi amakhala wamba. Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika ku selo lofiira la magazi pamene likuwonongedwa.
Ngati vuto la G6PD likukayikira, mlingo wa G6PD ukhoza kutulutsidwa. Gawo laling'ono la G6PD likugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa G6PD. Mwamwayi, pakati pa vuto lalikulu la hemolytic g6PD mlingo sichitha kusowa. Mitundu yambiri yomwe imapezeka pa nthawi ya vuto la hemolytic imakhala ndi G6PD yomwe imayambitsa zoipa.
Ngati akudandaula, kuyezetsa kuyenera kubwerezedwa pamene wodwala ali pamalo oyamba.
Kodi G6PD Imasamaliridwa Bwanji?
Pewani mankhwala kapena zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa hemolytic (kuphulika kwa maselo ofiira magazi). Zina mwa izi ndizatchulidwa pansipa.
- Nyemba za fava (zomwe zimatchedwanso nyemba zazikulu)
- Mabotolo (kapena mankhwala ena okhala ndi naphthalene)
- Mankhwala a sulfa monga Bactrim / Septra, sulfadiyazine
- Mankhwala a quinolone monga ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
- Nitrofurantoin (antibiotic)
- Mankhwala oletsa malungo monga primaquine
- Methylene buluu
- Mankhwala a TB monga dapsone ndi sulfoxone
- Mankhwala ochiza khansa monga doxorubicin kapena rasburicase
- Phenazopyridine
Kuika magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene magazi akumwa kwambiri ndipo wodwalayo ali ndi chizindikiro. Mwamwayi, odwala ambiri safunikira kuika magazi.