Kuyankhulana ndikofunika kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chopambana
Aliyense ali ndi mavuto a zachipatala pa nthawi imodzi kapena ina mmiyoyo yawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism sali osiyana. Ndipotu, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, anthu omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri azachipatala kuposa anthu ena. Zina mwa nkhani zomwe zimabwera kwa ana ndi akulu pazitsamba ndi izi:
- Matenda a m'mimba (omwe ndi ovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism)
- Zowonongeka (anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi mgwirizano woyenera komanso akhoza kudzivulaza)
- Matenda okhudzana ndi kugona (anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism ali ndi mavuto ovuta)
- Khunyu (kugunda kwafala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism)
Mwamwayi, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kwa anthu a autism kuti apeze chithandizo chomwe akufunikira-ngakhale atalankhula komanso akugwira ntchito. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa wina yemwe sali mawu , kapena amene makhalidwe ake akuwonekera kuti alibe mphamvu kapena zachiwawa.
Mwamwayi, pali njira zina zomwe makolo ndi osamalira angatenge kuti chithandizo chachipatala cha okondedwa awo sichifunikira nkhondo!
Nchifukwa Chiyani Kawirikawiri Zimavuta Kwa Anthu Ovomerezeka Kuti Apeze Chithandizo Chamankhwala Chamwino?
Kwa anthu okhala ndi autism, nkhani zingapo zingayime njira ya chithandizo chamankhwala, makamaka mwadzidzidzi. Eve Megargel ndi wojambula, wolemba mabuku, ndi amayi a mwana wamwamuna wosakhala ndi autism, komanso wolemba buku lakuti Learning to Kiss .
Megargel akuti, "Tikudziwa kuti pali nkhani zokhudzana ndi kulankhulana, nkhani zokhudzana ndi maganizo , nkhawa zapadera-mfundo zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndikuyankhidwa kuti zitha kusamalidwa bwino ngati wina aliyense." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale anthu achikulire omwe amalankhula pamalopo angakhale:
- Pezani zovuta kapena zosatheka kudzifotokozera bwino kuti afotokoze zosowa zawo zachipatala
- Pezani zovuta kapena zosatheka kumvetsetsa ndikutsatira malangizo
- Kuzimitsa magetsi, kununkhira, kumveka, komanso kusewera m'chipatala kapena chipinda chodzidzimutsa
- Khalani ndi kusiyana kosiyana ndi ululu kusiyana ndi anzanu enieni (anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism ali ndi zowawa kwambiri)
- Muyenera kuyendayenda, kugwedezeka, kuwombera, kapena kutchula kuti mutha kukhala chete
Anthu osalankhula komanso / kapena anthu oda nkhaŵa kwambiri pa autism amawonetsanso makhalidwe omwe angawoneke kuti ndi owopsya kwa ogwira ntchito zamankhwala omwe sadziwa za autism. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza:
- Bolt (kuthawa)
- Kudzivulazani (kuluma nokha, kugunda mitu yawo, ndi zina)
- Khalani okwiya kwa ena
- Lembani mofuula, kufuula, kapena kudandaula
- Pewani chisamaliro
Chifukwa chakuti khalidwe lodziŵika bwino lingakhale lovuta kwambiri panthawi yovuta, akatswiri ena azachipatala amaganiza kuti akuwona munthu ali ndi vuto la thanzi laumunthu m'malo mowona munthu wodzitetezeka. Chotsatira chake, iwo akhoza kunyalanyaza vuto lachipatala pamene akuwongolera vuto lomwe liribe matenda. Megargel akuti: "Ngati wina abwera ndi autism ndipo akukhala ndi vuto la khalidwe, amaganiza kuti ndi vuto la psycho-pharma osati kuganiza ngati ayenera kuyang'ana nkhani za GI."
Kodi Anthu Ovomerezeka Amafunika Chiyani pa Kuika Mankhwala?
Matenda azachipatala ndi zipatala zingakhale zovuta kwa aliyense.
Kwa anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism, amatha kukhala oopsa. Pofuna kukhala chete, anthu ovomerezeka, oyankhulana, komanso ogwirizana, nthawi zambiri amafunikira:
- Woimira chipatala yemwe amadziŵa bwino autism
- Kumasulidwa ku kuwala kowala, kunyezimira, ndi phokoso lalikulu
- Zida zolankhulana bwino (makina, chithunzi, etc.)
- Zomwe mungayembekezere (nthawi zambiri zooneka)
- Thandizo kuchokera kwa munthu amene amawadziwa ndi kuwazindikira (ngakhale ngati mwambo wodwala kukhala ndi dokotala)
- Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimakhala zokhazokha kapena zina (mwina kuphatikizapo ufulu wosunthira, kugwiritsa ntchito, kujambula, kujambula, kanema, kapena zinthu zina)
Mmene Makolo Angathandizire Kukonzekera Ana Awo Pachipatala
Ngati mwana wanu akhala akukonzekera kuchipatala-njira, kuyeretsa, kapena opaleshoni-muli ndi mwayi wophunzitsa mwana wanu zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera, momwe mungakhalire, komanso momwe mungalankhulire ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala. Ndipotu, zingakhale zothandiza kupatula nthawi yokonzekera mwana wanu ngakhale mutangopita kwa dokotala wa ana kuti mukawone bwinobwino ana.
Nazi njira zingapo zomwe Eva Megargel akulangiza:
- Phunzitsani mwana wanu kuti amvetse kuwerenga kapena kuwerenga manambala (ndime). Izi zidzathandiza mwana wanu kuti azitsatira zopempha kuti "mupume mpweya wanu kwa masekondi khumi," kapena "dikirani maminiti asanu," komanso athandizidwe poyembekezera chochitika monga katemera.
- Phunzitsani mwana wanu kuti adziwe ngati kutseka kudzachitika (nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri). Izi zidzathandiza mwana wanu kukhala chete ndi kumvetsetsa kuti ndondomeko idzatha pa nthawi yeniyeni, yodalirika.
- Phunzitsani mwana wanu kupuma mozama, kusinkhasinkha, ndi zina zotero pofuna kumasuka.
- Phunzitsani mwana wanu kuti amvetse nkhani zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu (zowonetserana zomwe zikufotokozera zoyembekezeka, zochitika, zosankha, ndi zomwe zilipo). Ngati n'kotheka, pangani nkhani yachisudzo kwa mwana wanuyo. Mungathe kuchita izi mwa kujambula malo, zida, ndi anthu omwe angatenge nawo mbali, ndi kufotokozera momveka zomwe adzachite ndi zomwe mwana wanu ayenera kuchita kuti athandizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, "Dr. Smith amagwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti amvetsere mtima wanu, ndipo amaika mbali yanu pamphuno mwanu, kuzizira, koma sikupweteka." Mudzakhala chete pamene Dr. Smith akumvetsera.
- Konzani zipangizo kuti mubweretse. Ngati mwana wanu akusowa chojambula chithunzi kapena chipangizo cholumikizira chowonjezera, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi mwayi wopeza mawu ndi zithunzi zomwe angafunike. Bweretsani zidole zothandizira, zophimba, kapena mavidiyo.
- Pitani patsogolo pa nthawi; kutenga zithunzi; etc. Mufuna kuvomerezedwa ndi mgwirizano wa gulu lachipatala cha mwana wanu, choncho pitanani patsogolo.
- Yesetsani kuti mukonzekere. Kwenikweni kubwereza kuyanjana mwatsatanetsatane ndi njira zingapangitse kusiyana kulikonse kwa munthu ali ndi autism.
- Ganizirani kupereka mwana wanu wosayankhula mawu ndi mauthenga a smartphone kapena pedi yomwe imamulola kuti agwire chithunzi kapena alembe pa kibokosiko ndipo liwu liwu likhale lowerenga. Izi zingathandize kuti azilankhulana ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala.
Mmene Makolo Angathandizire Kukonzekera Anthu Amankhwala Kugwira Ntchito ndi Mwana Wawo Wodzipereka
Ndibwino kuti muyankhulane ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala chanu kapena kuchipatala chanu asanayambe kusamalira mwana wanu. Mwanjira imeneyi, mwana wanu akadzafika, aliyense adzadziwa bwino momwe angayang'anire, momwe angayankhulirane, komanso momwe angathandizire mwana wanu kuti akhale ndi chithandizo choyenera chachipatala. Megargel akusonyeza kuti makolo:
- Lankhulani ndi wolandira alendo. Osati kokha kuti akuuzeni zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera m'chipinda chodikira, koma angakuthandizeninso kulankhulana zosowa za mwana wanu kwa antchito ena.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu. Fotokozerani zosowa ndi zofunikira za mwana wanu, ndipo mumufunse dzina la munthu yemwe angakonzekere kusamalira mwana wanu.
- Lankhulani ndi namwino wamkulu. Kaya ali mu ofesi, kuchipatala, kapena kuchipatala, namwino wamkulu kapena adokotala angakhale akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisamaliro cha mwana wanu. Pamene akudziwa bwino, akukonzekera bwino kuti achite ntchito yoopsa.
- Perekani zambiri zokhudza mwana wanu. Kodi pali "njira zabwino" zoti mum'fikire? Kulankhulana naye? Muthandizeni kuti akhale chete?
- Limbikitsani kukhala chete, malo ochepa-ngakhale kudziwa kuti malo oterewa angakhale ovuta kubwera kuchipatala.
- Limbikitsani mwana wanu mwa kufotokoza momwe mwana wanu amalankhulira ndikukakamiza kuti mukhale naye. Dziwani momveka bwino kuti palibe njira iliyonse yomwe ayenera kuperekera chipangizo cholankhulana chowonjezereka-ngakhale chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito.
- Perekani mfundo zomveka bwino, zachinsinsi zokhudza mbiri ya mwana wanu, nkhawa zachipatala, mankhwala, ndi mavuto omwe angathe.
- Fotokozani kuti kupweteka mu autism sizodabwitsa; khalidwe losamvetseka kapena laukali lingakhale ululu wosonyeza kupwetekedwa mtima.
- Khalani okonzeka kulimbikitsa ndi / kapena kuthetsa vuto la khalidwe. Khalani okonzeka kulowa mkati ngati chitetezo kapena anthu ena ayambe kuchita nawo mbali.
Mmene Mungasankhire Autism-Dokotala Wokondedwa
Makolo ambiri amasankha dokotala pamaziko a ndondomeko, inshuwalansi, ndi kuyandikira kwapafupi. Ngakhale dongosolo lomwelo lingagwire ntchito kwa mwana wa autistic, mwayi iwe udzafunikira zambiri zambiri musanasankhe dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala wa banja. Eva Megargel akuyamikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuti muwone ngati dokotala yemwe mukumuchezera (ngakhale ngati "mwana" wanu ali ndi zaka zoposa 18):
- Ndi wokonzeka kusiya nthawi ndikufunsa mafunso ndikugwirizanitsa ndi mwana wanu
- Wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono komanso mawu oyankhulana ndi mwana wanu
- Amapereka mwana wanu ndikufunsa za njira yabwino yolankhulana bwino
- Amasonyeza kuleza mtima ngati mwana wanu akuwoneka akuda nkhawa kapena ali ndi makhalidwe oipa
- Maganizo a inu, kholo, ngati gawo la timuyi
Mawu Ochokera
Mwana wanu autistic amafunikira ndipo akuyenerera chisamaliro chamankhwala choyenera-ngakhale ngati icho chikutenga ntchito yowonjezera pa gawo la aliyense kuti atsimikizire kuti iye amachipeza. Pokonzekera mwana wanu ndi gulu lake lachipatala nthawi yambiri, ndipo posankha madokotala mwanzeru, mukhoza kumuthandiza mwanayo kuti apambane. Chofunika kwambiri, mukhoza kuthandiza kuti zotsatira zachipatala zitheke bwino.
> Zotsatira:
> Kukambirana ndi Eve Megargel. February 2017.
> Megargel, E., et al. Autism ndi zipatala: masewera ovuta. Matenda a Maphunziro, Voliyumu 12, Ndime 6, masamba 469-470, November / December 2012.
> Soraya, Lynne. Zolepheretsa kuchipatala kokwanira kwa akuluakulu autistic. Psychology Today. Webusaiti. June 2014.