Kumveketsa kumathandiza chifukwa chake ana autistic angagwedeze, kuwomba, kapena kuyenda
Mawu akuti "kukondweretsa" ndi ochepa pa khalidwe lokhazika mtima pansi ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwanso "stereotypic" khalidwe. Mu munthu wokhala ndi autism, kukondweretsa nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuza ku makhalidwe ena omwe akuphatikizira manja, kuwomba, kuwombera, kapena kubwereza mawu ndi ziganizo .
Kukhumudwitsa nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro cha autism , ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowoneka bwino. Ndipotu, anthu ochepa chabe amayamba kulira, kukwapula, kuyenda, kapena kuwombera zala zawo nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale kuti zozizwitsa zamatsenga zimawoneka zachilendo, komabe ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mitundu yochepetsetsa imakhala mbali ya khalidwe la anthu ambiri. Ngati munayamba mwajambula pensulo yanu, mukulumpha misomali yanu, mumameta tsitsi lanu, kapena mumagwira zala zanu, mwakhala mukukakamiza.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa autistic ndi momwe kulimbikitsira ndi mtundu, kuchuluka, ndi kuwonekera kwa khalidwe.
Ndizinthu Zotani Zomwe Zimaganiziridwa Kuti Zidzakhala Zopangira?
Kawirikawiri, khalidwe limatchulidwa ngati "zonyansa" pamene amapita kupitirira zomwe zimalekerera mwachikhalidwe. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, "stim" ndi khalidwe limene silovomerezeka mwachikhalidwe.
Ngakhale kuti movomerezeka kulandiridwa ku United States kulumphira misomali ya munthu kapena tsitsi lake, mwachitsanzo, nkosavomerezeka kuyendayenda ndikuwombera manja. Kugwedeza mofatsa ndi kawirikawiri kumakhala kovomerezeka, koma kugwedeza thupi lonse mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kumawoneka kuti ndikokakamiza.
Palibenso chifukwa chabwino chokhalira kupweteketsa kukhala kovomerezeka kusiyana ndi msomali (kumakhala koyeretsa kwambiri)! Koma m'dziko lathu lapansi, otsegula manja amalandira chidwi pamene msomali ukuwombera (pamlingo winawake) amalekerera.
Zitsulo zina zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zimakwiyitsa kapena kuopseza anthu enieni.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena otchuka amalimbikitsidwa pofuula mokweza mawu omwe angawopsyeze kapena kuwopseza. Ena amadzipweteka ndi manja awo, kapena ngakhale mitu yawo kumbali. Mitundu ya ziphuphuzi zikuwoneka zovuta pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi Autistic People Stim?
Kwa anthu ambiri, zokopa zimachitika kokha nthawi ndi nthawi. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism, komabe, zimakhala zovuta kuti asiye kusangalatsa, ndipo akhoza kuchita nthawi zambiri. Iwo akhoza kuyambitsa chifukwa iwo ali okondwa, okondwa, odandaula, olemedwa, kapena chifukwa chotonthozedwa. M'nthaŵi zovuta, angayambe kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ambiri aife timadziwa komanso timatha kuteteza timitengo (sitimalumpha misomali yathu, mwachitsanzo, tikakhala ndi chakudya chamakono). Ngati tikuwona kufunika koti tithandizire kuti tipewe mavuto, nthawi zambiri timasamala kuti tisawonongeke. Mwachitsanzo, tikhoza kugwirana zala zazing'ono pansi pa tebulo m'malo mozembera mmbuyo. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism, komabe, sangathe kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza zomwe ena amachita pa zovuta zawo. Zikuwoneka kuti nthawi zina anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism sangathe kulamulira zipsyinjo zawo, kapena amapeza zovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta kuchita.
Nchifukwa Chiyani Anthu Ovomerezeka Amagwira Ntchito?
Sizidziwikiratu chifukwa chake kulimbikitsa pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumachitika ndi autism, ngakhale akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ndi chida cha "kudziletsa" ndi kudzichepetsa.
Zoterezi, zikhoza kukhala zowonjezereka za kusokoneza maganizo komwe kumagwirizana ndi autism.
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism amadzipangitsa okha kuti athetse nkhawa, mantha, mkwiyo, chisangalalo, kuyembekezera, ndi zina zamphamvu. Amalimbikitsanso kuthandizira okha kuthana ndi zovuta zowonjezera (phokoso lambiri, kuwala, kutentha, etc.). Palinso nthawi imene anthu amayamba kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi, monga momwe anthu am'maganizo amalumitsira misomali yawo, ameta tsitsi lawo, kapena amachotsa miyendo yawo.
Nthaŵi zina, kukondweretsa kungakhale malo abwino, malo ogwiritsira ntchito autistic kuti athetse mavuto.
Pamene zimakhala zosokoneza, zimabweretsa mavuto amtundu wina, kapena zimapweteketsa munthu kapena ena, komabe zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Malangizo Otsogolera Mitengo
Kodi khalidwe lolimbikitsa liyenera kuletsedwa kapena "kutsekedwa" pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa? Kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati khalidweli liri loopsa, palibe chifukwa choliletsa-koma pali zifukwa zingapo zoyendetsera. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi autism angadzipangitse nthawi zonse. Chotsatira chake, kukondweretsa kungayime pakati pawo ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyanjana ndi ena, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zowonongeka, kapena kuphatikizidwa muzochitika zam'kalasi, malo ogwira ntchito, kapena malo ogwira ntchito.
- Kukhumudwitsa kungakhale zododometsa kwa ena ndipo, nthawi zina, kungakhale kokhumudwitsa. Mwana yemwe nthawi zonse amayenera kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena kudziponyera yekha pamutu mosakayikira amakhala chokhumudwitsa kwa ophunzira omwe alipo-komanso nthawi zina zovuta, kukondweretsa kungakhale koopsa kuwonerera.
- Kukhumudwitsa kungapangitse chidwi. Ana ovomerezeka ndi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amalekanitsidwa chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo losazolowereka kapena losokoneza.
Kuphunzira kapena kusintha zosuntha kungakhale kovuta. Mitengo ndi chida chothandizira kuganiza mozama ndi maganizo, kotero kumangomulanga mwana chifukwa chomukakamiza kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuposa zabwino. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndondomekoyi iyenera kukhala yochepetsetsa komanso yowonjezera zosowa za munthu aliyense.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kanthu kafukufuku (ABA) , njira yothetsera khalidwe, ingathandize anthu kuthetsa kapena kusintha zosangalatsa zawo.
- Ogwira ntchito zachipatala angapereke "zakudya zowonongeka" kuti zithandize kuchepetsa kufunika kwa timitengo.
- Nthaŵi zina, kukondweretsa kungachepetse ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza vuto lalikulu la nkhawa.
- Zomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe ndi zachikhalidwe zingasinthidwe kuti zisakhale ndi nkhawa. Magulu ang'onoting'ono, makonzedwe ocheperachepera, ndi kuyembekezera momveka bwino kungathe kuyenda motalika kwambiri kuti athetse nkhawa.
- Pomalizira pake, anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism angaphunzire kudzera mwazochita ndi kuphunzitsa kuti asinthe matsempha awo (panikizani nkhawa m'malo momangoyankhula) kapena mumangokhalira kukondweretsa okha m'nyumba zawo.
Mawu Ochokera
Kukhumudwitsa sikungakhale koopsa. Zikhoza kukhala zonyansa kwa makolo ndi abale, kusokoneza aphunzitsi, kapena kusiya-kuika abwenzi omwe angakhale nawo komanso ogwira nawo ntchito. Kodi kukhumudwa kwa ena kungakhale kotani kulamula momwe anthu amafunira kuchita? Limeneli ndi funso limene liyenera kuyankhidwa ndi anthu omwe akukhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo munthu wodziwa yekha.
Ngakhale kuti zingakhale zotheka kuchepetsa kukakamiza, komabe, zingakhale zosatheka kuthetsa izo zonse. Monga kholo kapena wothandizira munthu wokhala ndi autism, kungakhale kotheka kuvomereza kuti chenicheni chomwe wachibale wanu amachitira mosiyana ndi anzake omwe amamukonda. Izi sizikhala zosavuta nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati mumakhala ovuta kwambiri kuweruza ena. Ngati mukufuna, ganizirani kupeza uphungu wothandizira kuti akuthandizeni kuthetsa malingaliro anu ndi zokhumudwitsa.
> Zotsatira:
> Goldman S. et al. Magalimoto osokoneza ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi mavuto ena opititsa patsogolo. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jan; 51 (1): 30-8.
> Agogo, kachisi. Nchifukwa chiyani ana okhala ndi autism akulimbikitsa? Autism Digest. March 2014.