Zizolowezi zobwerezabwereza Zimakhala mbali ya Autism, Koma Sikuti Nthawizonse Zimakhala Zovuta
Kubwerezabwereza, makhalidwe opanda chidziwitso nthawi zonse amakhala chizindikiro cha autism. Ndipotu, makolo ambiri amada nkhaŵa za autism pamene akuwona mwana wawo akubwezeretsanso zamaseŵera, kupota zinthu, kapena kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko kapena zitseko. Kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza kungaphatikizepo kunena, kuganizira, kapena kufunsa chinthu chimodzimodzi mobwerezabwereza. Nthawi zambiri, makhalidwe obwerezabwereza angathe kukhala owopsa; kawirikawiri, iwo ndi chida chodzichepetsa.
Iwo akhoza kukhala vuto, komabe, akamalowa muzochita zachizolowezi kapena zimakhala zovuta kuti apite kusukulu kapena ntchito.
"Zowonongeka" (Zowonongeka) Zopindulitsa Zimakhala mbali ya Autism
Ogwira ntchito ndi ochita kafukufuku amatcha khalidwe lobwerezabwereza, lopanda chidziwitso "osasinthika" kapena "kupirira," ndipo makhalidwe oterewa amadziwika ngati zizindikiro za autism mu DSM-5 (buku lovomerezeka lodziwika bwino):
Zowonongeka, kachitidwe kawiri kawiri kachitidwe, zofuna, kapena zochitika, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zosachepera ziwiri zotsatirazi, panopa kapena mbiriyakale (zitsanzo ziri zowonetsera, osati zowonjezera;
- Kusinthidwa kapena kubwerezabwereza kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kapena kulankhula (mwachitsanzo, zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito magalimoto, kuika zidole kapena zosemphana ndi zinthu, echolalia , mawu odiosyncratic).
- Kulimbikitsana pazinthu zofanana, kusamvetsetsa mosavuta machitidwe, kapena kuchita mwambo wa mawu kapena mawu osayankhula (mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika kwakukulu pa kusintha kwakukulu, mavuto ndi kusintha, kulingalira kolimba, miyambo yolonjera, ayenera kutenga njira yomweyo kapena kudya chakudya chomwecho tsiku ndi tsiku ).
- Zofuna zowonjezereka, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zowoneka (mwachitsanzo, chiyanjano cholimba kapena chokhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilendo, zofuna zowonjezereka kapena zolimbikira).
Kodi Zizindikiro Zomwe Zikuwoneka Zikuwoneka Motani?
Kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza mu autism kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri kwa munthu ndi munthu.
Kwa anthu ena, zimaphatikizapo kunena kapena kuyankhula zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza (mwachitsanzo, kulemba onse Avengers ndi mphamvu zawo, kuwerenga malemba kuchokera pa TV, kapena kufunsa funso lomwelo nthawi zambiri mzere). Kwa ena, zimakhudza zochita monga kubwereza, kubwezeretsa, kapena kuyendayenda. Mu autism zoopsa kwambiri, khalidwe lodziwika bwino lingakhale lowawa; Kuwongolera mutu, mwachitsanzo, ndi khalidwe losasinthika. Anthu ena pa autism amakonda kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza nthawi zonse, pamene ena amangokhalira kupitirizabe (kukhalabe ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe) pamene akuvutika maganizo, nkhawa kapena kukwiya.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism amavutika kwambiri akamafunsidwa kusintha kayendedwe kake kapena ndondomeko yawo. Nthaŵi zina, chizoloŵezi chozoloŵera nthaŵi zonse chimakhala chosaoneka ndi munthu wamba. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi machitidwe a m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo ambiri amatsatira nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina, chizoloŵezichi n'chosazolowereka m'njira imodzi. Munthu yemwe ali ndi autism akufunsidwa kuti asinthe chizoloŵezi, yankho likhoza kukhala loopsya kwambiri kapena lokhumudwitsa, ngakhale ngati munthuyo ali wokwera kwambiri.
Nthawi zina makhalidwe okhwima kapena osakanikirana amadziwikiratu chifukwa amadziwika bwino kapena osazolowereka.
Kawirikawiri, komabe, makamaka ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa autism, kupirira sikungakhale koonekeratu kwa munthu wongowonongeka. Munthu amene ali ndi autism akhoza, mwina, kufunsa "Kodi mumakonda mafilimu a Marvel?" Atamva kuti yankho ndilo "inde," munthu wotchuka angagwiritse ntchito mawu omwewo pa Iron Man omwe adathamanga mobwerezabwereza katatu, mawu omwewo, ndi mawu omwewo ndi manja omwewo. Monga kholo, mutha kudziwa chilankhulo chammbuyo ndi chammbuyo, koma monga mnzanu watsopano, simungazindikire kubwereza.
Kodi Kukonza Kubwereza N'kovuta?
Zoonadi, khalidwe lolimbikira silili lapadera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism.
Anthu ambiri amachita zinthu zoterezi. Kuphika msomali, kuyendayenda, pensulo kapena zala zazing'ono, kuyeretsa, kapena "chosowa" kuti muwonetse masewero omwewo kapena masewera a masewera mosakayika ndi mitundu yonse ya kupirira.
Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism, vuto la kupirira silovuta kwenikweni, chifukwa limangochitika nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi anthu ena (kawirikawiri amakhala opsinjika) ndipo makhalidwe awo ndi osayenera. Kulimbikitsidwa kungakhale kuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi autism, chifukwa akhoza kugwirizana ndi chidwi chenicheni chomwe chingapangitse abwenzi kapena ngakhale ntchito. Munthu yemwe ali wolimbikira mwa chidwi pa masewera a pakompyuta, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kujowina magulu a masewera komwe angapeze ena ndi chilakolako chofanana.
Kwa anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism, komabe kupirira kapena kubwereza khalidwe sikumangodetsa nkhawa kwa ena, koma ndi njira yayikulu yoyankhulana ndi ena komanso kuchita nawo ntchito padziko lapansi. Munthu yemwe amangokhalira kumangokhalira kumangokhalira kumangokhalira kumangokhalira kuchita zinthu zina, sangathe kupezeka kudziko lozungulira kapena kutenga nawo gawo pazochitika zenizeni zadziko. Ndipo ngakhale palibe cholakwika molakwika ndi kuyankhula za phunziro lomwelo mobwerezabwereza, khalidweli lingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Zothandizira Zowonongeka Kubwereza ku Autism
Palibe amene amadziwa chomwe chimapangitsa kupirira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism, ngakhale pali ziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi lingaliro limene mumalimbikitsa, mumatha kusankha mankhwala ena (kapena palibe mankhwala). Inde, ngati khalidwe ndi loopsa kapena loopsya liyenera kusinthidwa. Mankhwala ena akhala akufufuzidwa bwino kuposa ena, koma onse apambana bwino ndi anthu ena komanso kupambana pang'ono ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo:
- Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti kupirira ndi khalidwe labwino, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakhalidwe (mphoto, ndi zina, zotsatira) kuti "muzimitsa" khalidwe.
- Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti khalidwe lobwerezabwereza ndi njira yokhayokha yokhayokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kutsegula njira zowonjezera, mumatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka kuti muthandize munthu wodzichepetsa ndikukhazikitsanso mphamvu yakulamulira.
- Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti kupirira ndi chisonyezero chenicheni cha munthu yemwe ali ndi autism, mumatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira monga Floortime kapena SonRise kuti mugwirizanitse ndi autistic ndikuthandizani kuti atembenuzire zochita zotsutsa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amatsitsa magetsi amatha kupangitsa kuti kubwereza kwake kuwonongeke, ndipo akhoza kumanganso chidwi chake chokhalira ndi chidziwitso kuti akhale ndi luso labwino.
- Ngati mumakhulupirira kuti khalidwe lolimbikira limayamba chifukwa cha nkhaŵa kapena mankhwala kapena zamaganizo, mumayesayesa kuthetsa khalidwe lanu pogwiritsira ntchito pharmacotherapy.
Mawu ochokera
Monga kholo, mungakhale wamanyazi kapena kuchotsedwa ndi khalidwe la mwana wanu wobwereza. Musanachitepo kanthu kuti 'muwazimitse,' ndizofunika kumvetsetsa cholinga chawo. Ngati akuthandiza mwana wanu kuti azikhala chete, sungani zovuta , kapena musamayesetse zofunikira pa moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, muyenera kuthandiza mwana wanu pamene akusintha kapena kuwonjezera pazinthu zake. Izi zingatanthauze kupeza wothandizira kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mwana wanu, kapena kusintha chilengedwe cha mwana wanu kuti chisamakhale chovuta.
> Zotsatira:
> BA Boyd et al. Zinthu zowoneka komanso zobwerezabwereza makhalidwe omwe ali ndi autism ndi kuchedwa kwachitukuko. Autism Res. Apr; 3 (2): 78-87. (2010)
> Kirby, Anne V., et al. "Makhalidwe abwino komanso obwerezabwereza pakati pa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a autism panyumba." Autism 21.2 (2017): 142-154.
> Schertz, Hannah H., et al. "Makolo-Amadziwika Otsatira Pachiyambi pa Achinyamata pa Autism Spectrum." Journal of autism ndi vuto la chitukuko 46.10 (2016): 3308-3316.