Mwachidule cha Autism
Autism, yomwe imatchedwanso "autism spectrum disorder (ASD)," ndi vuto la chitukuko. Matenda opititsa patsogolo amapezeka m'bwana koma nthawi zambiri amalephera kudwala. Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi autism ndi zowonongeka zambiri zomwe zilipo pa intaneti. Zotsatira zake, zingakhale zovuta kupeza zowona zokhudzana ndi zomwe autism alili-ndipo ayi.
Kodi Autism N'chiyani?
Autism ndi vuto lomwe limaphatikizapo kusiyana ndi / kapena zovuta mu luso loyankhulana, chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha galimoto, kulankhula, ndi luso la nzeru.
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism amakhalanso ndi mayankho ovomerezeka, omwe amachititsa chidwi, kuwoneka, kununkhiza, kulawa, ndi / kapena kukhumba.
Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhalapo zimaphatikizapo "kutsitsa" (kutambasula dzanja, kupenda kwachangu, kugwedeza), kufunika kokhala mobwerezabwereza ndi kubwereza, nkhawa, ndi zina-zodabwitsa za "savant" m'madera ena (nthawi zambiri nyimbo ndi masamu).
Chifukwa autism ndi matenda a masewera, n'zotheka kukhala ofatsa, oyenera, kapena oopsa autistic.
Potsutsa, mukhoza kuwonanso zizindikiro zofatsa komanso zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kukhala anzeru kwambiri komanso omveka koma amakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za nkhawa komanso kusokonezeka maganizo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti autism si matenda a maganizo kapena vuto limakhala loipa kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Ndipotu, pafupifupi munthu aliyense wa autistic amakula ndikukula nthawi, makamaka ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.
Ndi chizindikiro chomwecho, palibe mankhwala ochiritsira autism. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi autism adzakula ndithu kuti adzakhale wamkulu ndi autism-ndi mavuto ndi mphamvu zomwe zimadza ndi matenda.
Momwe Vutoli Linasinthira
Autism poyamba inafotokozedwa ngati vuto lodziwika bwino m'ma 1930. Tanthawuzo, komabe, lasintha kwambiri pazaka. Mwinanso, Asperger syndrome inawonjezeredwa ku autism spectrum mu 1994.
Popeza autism poyamba inafotokozedwa, chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe amapezeka kuti chakhala chikukula kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kutanthawuzidwa, makamaka kwakukulu, kusintha kwa kutanthauzira kwa matendawa.
Pakati pa 1994 ndi May 2013, panali magulu asanu osiyana siyana a autism. Pamapeto pake panali matenda a Asperger , omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa "The Little Professor's syndrome." Panthawi ina pambaliyi panali vuto la autistic, lodziŵika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa chitukuko ndi mavuto. Pakati pawo panali mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi chitukuko kuphatikizapo matenda a Rett, Fragile X Syndrome, ndi matenda omwe akukula kwambiri omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito (PDD-NOS) .
Masiku ano, pofalitsidwa ndi DSM-5 (Diagnostic Manual Version 5) pali kagawo kokha kafukufuku wa anthu omwe ali ndi autism: autism spectrum disorder .
Aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zogwirizana ndi autism adzalandira matenda a ASD, pamodzi ndi msinkhu wothandizira (1 (kuthamanga kwambiri), 2 (wolemera kwambiri), kapena 3 (oopsa) ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, olemba. Zina zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo kulemala kwadzidzidzi, matenda osokonezeka, ndi zina zotero.
Kusintha kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amene anapezeka ndi matenda a Asperger "atayika" mwaiwo chizindikiro chimenecho. Koma chifukwa chakuti mawu akuti Asperger syndrome amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo amafotokozera gulu lachidziwitso, dzina lake lakhala likugwira. Chotsatira chake, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndipamwamba kwambiri ogwira ntchito autism akudzifotokozera okha kuti ali ndi Asperger syndrome.
Zinthu 5 Zodziwa Zokhudza Autism
1. Nthawi zambiri, sitidziwa chimene chimayambitsa autism . Tikudziwa kuti mankhwala ochepa, omwe amatengedwa panthawi yoyembekezera, akhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha autism. Kunja kwa izo, komabe, chidziwitso chathu chiri chochepa.
Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti anyamata ali pangozi yaikulu kuposa atsikana, koma sitikudziwa chifukwa chake. Mofananamo, tikudziwa kuti makolo okalamba amakhala ndi ana otchuka-komanso, sitikudziwa chifukwa chake.
Tikudziwa kuti autism ikuwoneka ngati ikuyenda m'mabanja, koma posankha kusakhala ndi ana konse, palibe njira yodziwira ngati mwanayo angakhale kapena sadzakhala autistic.
- Kodi Ndizifukwa Ziti Zowopsa kwa Autism?
- Kodi Mwana Wathu Wotsatira Adzakhala Autistic?
- Kodi Autism Genetic?
- Kodi Katemera Amayambitsa Autism?
2. Pali mankhwala ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito autism koma palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika. Mankhwala a Autism ndi kawirikawiri amachiritso, koma m'malo mwake amakhala ndi khalidwe labwino, chitukuko, kulankhula, ndi chithandizo cha ntchito. Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chakuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, nthawi zambiri ndikofunika kupewa zakudya zina pamene mukuwona kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zakudya zabwino. Pakalipano, palibe mankhwala, chithandizo, kapena chakudya chapadera chimene chidzachiritse autism.
3. Autism ikhoza kukhala magwero a mphamvu komanso mavuto. Pali zovuta zambiri zogwirizana ndi autism. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu ambiri pamasewerawa amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism ndi anzeru kwambiri. Chiŵerengero chachikulu kuposa chiwerengero cha nzeru zambiri ndi madera amphamvu kwambiri.
- Anthu ambiri pamasewera ali ndi luso labwino mu nyimbo, masamu, luso lamakono, luso, ndi luso laumisiri-ngakhale kuti luso la "savant" lenileni ndi losavuta.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi autism amakonda kukhala odalirika komanso oona mtima, chifukwa amapeza zovuta kuzindikira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achipongwe, kusakhulupirika, kunyengerera, kapena "mabodza oyera."
4. Pali nthano zambiri zokhudza autism. Zimakhala zovuta kwa anthu ambiri omwe si autistic kulingalira chomwe chiri ngati kukhala autistic. Kuonjezerapo, mayesero ambiri otukuka ndi IQ amapangidwa kwa anthu osakhala autistic. Zotsatira zake, nthano zakhala zikuzungulira autism.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti anthu autistic alibe chikondi, alibe malingaliro, kapena alibe maganizo. Zikhulupiriro izi zimachokera ku kusamvetsetsa osati kuchokera ku zenizeni.
5. Mitundu yonse ya autism ingakhale yovuta. Mitundu yovuta ya autism ingakhale yovuta kwambiri chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi makhalidwe oipa komanso kulankhulana kwakukulu. Koma kukwera kwamtundu wa autism nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizana ndi matenda a maganizo monga nkhawa, kudziletsa, kusokonezeka maganizo, komanso kupsinjika maganizo.
Kwa Anthu Amene Akudziŵa Zatsopano
Ngati mwana wanu posachedwapa atapezeka kuti ali ndi autism, ndibwino kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri-makamaka ngati matendawa amachokera ku gwero lina osati la katswiri wodziwa zambiri za autism.
Mukatsimikizira kuti mwana wanu adziwa chiyani, chitsimikizo chotsatira ndichokumana ndi dokotala wanu wa ana ndi sukulu kuti muyambe ntchito yowathandiza. Mwinanso mutha kuyang'ana pa mapulogalamu oyamwitsa achikulire ndi masewera a masewera. Pofufuzira autism, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane magwero anu mosamalitsa, popeza pali zambiri zambiri zabodza zomwe zilipo pa intaneti komanso kudzera mu mpesa.
Pamene akuluakulu amapezeka ndi autism, kawirikawiri chifukwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Chowonadi nchakuti palibe chifukwa chochitira chilichonse mutatha kuchipatala; autism si mankhwala, kotero mankhwala ndi mankhwala ndizosankha.
Ambiri mwa anthu akuluakulu amasankha kutsatira momwe akudziwira pofikira akuluakulu odzikonda komanso magulu othandizira, kupeza wothandizira ndi zofunikira, kufunafuna thandizo ndi mavuto, kapena kungodziwa zambiri zokhudza matendawa.
Mafunso Ofunsani Ponena za Autism
Pamene mukuyamba kuganiza za matenda a autism, pali mafunso ena omwe mukufuna kufufuza. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kodi njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira mwana wanga ndi ziti?
- Kodi ndi maphunziro otani omwe angakhale abwino kwa mwana wanga?
- Ndi zosangalatsa zotani zomwe zimakhala zoyenera kwa mwana wanga?
- Kodi ndingakonzekere bwanji tsogolo la mwana wanga wamtsogolo?
Kukhala ndi Autism
Ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi autism, zidzasintha pazifukwa zambiri zomwe mumapanga ndi iye. Zosankha zanu zidzasiyana malinga ndi zizindikiro za mwana wanu, yankho lanu ku zizindikiro, mkhalidwe wanu, ndi ndalama zanu.
Koma ziribe kanthu, muyenera kuganizira ndi kukonzekera kuzungulira autism mwana wanu. Mwina kwambiri, muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi sukulu, boma ndi federal agencies, othandizira, ndi alangizi kuti mutsimikizire zosowa za mwana wanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Kutulukira kwa autism kungakhale kovuta. Kwa anthu ena, zingakhale zoopsa. Koma ndizofunika kudziwa kuti ndizotheka kukhala ndi autism.
Pakapita nthawi, mudzapeza zinthu zambiri komanso mwayi wopezeka kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi mabanja awo. Mudzapeza nokha luso lanu lolimbana ndi-komanso ngakhale kulimbitsa-ndi autism.
Zotsatira:
Autism Society of America Website
Vuto la Autism Spectrum (Zosokonezeka Zosintha Zonse) National Institute of Mental Health, 2016.
Greenspan, Stanley. "Mwana Amene Ali ndi Zofunikira Zapadera." C 1998: Mabuku a Perseus.
Romanowski, Patricia et al. "OASIS Guide kwa Asperger Syndrome." C 2000: Ofalitsa a Crown, New York, NY.