Matenda a Asperger, limodzi mwa asanu mwa matenda asanu ndi atatu omwe amapezeka m'magulu omwe amachititsa kuti vutoli likule bwino, linawonjezeredwa ku bungwe la American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV ) mu 1994. Ilo linalongosola anthu okhala ndi machitidwe opambana kwambiri a autism .
Matenda a Asperger anachotsedwa mwalamulo kuchokera ku buku lotsatira, DSM-V, mu 2013.
Masiku ano, anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za zomwe zikanatchedwa Asperger syndrome tsopano akupezeka kuti ali ndi vuto limodzi la autism spectrum disorder (ngakhale dzina loyambirira la chikhalidweli likugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri omwe si a zaumoyo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano).
Matenda a Asperger ndi osiyana ndi matenda ena a autism chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri anapeza kuti ali akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu, kusiyana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism opambana kwambiri amatha kupambana ndi maulendo oyendetsa ndege, mpaka akafika msinkhu pamene akuyembekezeredwa kugwirizanitsa chiyanjano, chiyanjano, kapena mavuto ena (nthawi zambiri pozungulira kalasi yachitatu, koma nthawi zina zambiri).
DSM-IV inafotokoza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda a Asperger ndi matenda ena a autism, akuti:
- "Zofunikira za Asperger's Disorder ndizopweteketsa kwambiri komanso zowonjezereka m'magwirizano a chikhalidwe ... ndi chitukuko chokhazikitsidwa, khalidwe lobwerezabwereza la zochitika, zofuna, ndi zochitika ... Kusokonezeka kumachititsanso kuti vutoli likhale lopweteka kwambiri m'magulu, ntchito, kapena zina Mbali zofunikira zogwirira ntchito. Mosiyana ndi Autistic Disorder , palibe zizindikiro za kuchedwa kapena zolakwika m'zinenero zopezeka (mwachitsanzo, mawu osagwiritsidwa ntchito osagwirizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi zaka 2, ndipo mawu olankhulana amodzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi zaka 3). Ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zosavuta kuzilankhulana (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndikukambirana) zingakhudzidwe. "
Ngakhale kuti izi zimawoneka ngati kusiyana kwakukulu pazidziwitso, zowona ndizo-monga katswiri wa Asperger syndrome Dr. Tony Attwood - "kusiyana pakati pa autism yapamwamba ndi Asperger syndrome makamaka m'zinenero."
Izi makamaka makamaka pamene ana akukula komanso kusiyana kwa chilankhulo cha zaka zitatu sikukhala kofunikira.
Panthawi imene anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Asperger kapena autism omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri ali achinyamata, kusiyana kumeneku kwatha, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa zizindikiro ziwirizi.
Mbiri ya Asperger Syndrome
Hans Asperger anali katswiri wa zamaganizo wa mwana wa Viennese yemwe ankagwira ntchito ndi gulu la anyamata, onse omwe anali ndi kusiyana kofanana komweku. Ngakhale kuti onse anali anzeru ndipo anali ndi luso lachilankhulo, iwo anali ndi zizindikiro za autism.
Chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, ntchito ya Asperger inataya kwa zaka zingapo. Pamene idapitilira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, adapeza chidwi chochuluka. Masiku ano, Asperger's syndrome-ngakhale kuti ilibenso gulu lachidziwitso-liri m'nkhani pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
Kodi Zizindikiro Zake za Asperger Syndrome (Mbali 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder) ndi Ziti?
Anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism opambana kwambiri alibe vuto ndi kulankhula, ndipo akhoza kukhala anzeru kwambiri ndi okhoza. Nkhani zomwe zimapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Asperger's (level 1 autism) zikuphatikizapo:
- Zovuta ndi maluso a chikhalidwe ndi oyankhulana (kuthekera "kuwerenga" thupi, kumvetsetsa, ndi zina zotero)
- Kumva phokoso lofuula, magetsi owala, ndi zina zowathandiza
Anthu angakhalenso ovuta ndi:
- Kusintha muzochitika
- Kulankhulana / kuganizira za nkhani zomwe sizili chidwi
- Kuganiza zomwe anthu ena amaganiza kapena kumverera
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism yodalirika samakhala ndi nkhawa ndipo amatha kumvetsa chisoni. Ndipotu nthawi zina amakhala okhumudwa kwambiri, osamvetsetseka, ndipo amamasuka ku chimwemwe, mkwiyo, kukhumudwa, changu, ndi zina zotero.
Nthaŵi zina, iwo akhoza kukhala opanga ndi opanga nzeru (ngakhale mwa ena, angasankhe chizoloŵezi chozoloŵera). Vuto limabuka, komabe, pamene anthu apamwamba kumapeto kwa autism amawombana ndi zochitika kapena zoyembekezeka zomwe zimakhala zovuta ndipo zimafuna luso la kulingalira.
Ngati izi zikumveka ngati zikufotokozera anthu owopsya, ndizofunika kwambiri kuzindikira kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi makhalidwe omwe akufotokozedwa, koma amatha kugwira bwino ntchito yake tsiku ndi tsiku, sangapezeke ndi matenda a Asperger. M'mawu ena, anthu ambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zina za Asperger syndrome, koma chifukwa chakuti amatha kugwira ntchito kapena kugwira ntchito kusukulu, kuyanjana bwino ndi ena, ndi kusamalira zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, sangazindikiridwe monga kukhala ndi chikhalidwe.
Kodi ndikhoza (kapena wina ndikudziwa) kukhala ndi Asperger Syndrome?
Kupatulapo kuti palibe amene angalandire matenda a Asperger, kodi iwe kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo, motere, kuti muyenere kukhala ndi matenda a autism? Ndizotheka ndithu, ndipo mayesero ambiri adzikonzekera kuti apereke chitsimikizo ngati ngati kuyesa kungakhale lingaliro labwino.
Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS), bungwe la ku United Kingdom lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi Asperger, lakhazikitsa mndandanda wa mafunso 10 kuti athe kuthandizira:
- Ndikupeza zosangalatsa za anthu.
- Zimandivuta kupanga zokambirana zazing'ono.
- Sindinasangalale ndi zolemba zamakalata kusukulu.
- Ndili bwino kutenga mfundo ndi mfundo.
- Zimandivuta kuchita zomwe anthu ena amaganiza ndikumverera.
- Ndikhoza kuganizira zinthu zina kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Nthawi zambiri anthu amanena kuti ndinali wamwano ngakhale pamene sindinkafuna kukhala.
- Ndili ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, zochepa.
- Ndimachita zinthu zina mwachangu, mobwerezabwereza .
- Ndakhala ndikuvutika nthawi zonse kupanga anzanga.
Ngati mutayankha "inde" ku mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi inuyo kapena wokondedwa wanu, mwina mwavumbulutsa vuto lomwe simunalipezepo la matenda a Asperger syndrome / level 1 disism spectrum. (Zoonadi, kukambirana ndi katswiri wa zaumoyo ndikofunika kuti musadumphire ku zifukwa zirizonse, komabe.) Kwa achinyamata ena ndi akulu, izi ndizitsitsimutso lalikulu: Ikuika dzina pazinthu zomwe zawavutitsa pamoyo wawo wonse . Amatsegulira chitseko chothandizira, chithandizo, ndi dera.
Mawu Ochokera
Pali akatswiri a maganizo, odwala matenda a maganizo, ndi akatswiri ena omwe ali ndi vuto lodziŵa kuti autism imagwira ntchito kwambiri pa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Othandizira omwewa akhoza kuthandizira chithandizo chamankhwala monga chidziwitso chophunzitsira anthu, chithandizo chamalankhula, chithandizo cha ntchito, etc. Angathe kukuthandizani ku magulu othandizira ndi magulu odzikonda.
Koma dziwani kuti palibe chifukwa chochitira chilichonse za Asperger syndrome. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri achikulire amaona kuti kukhala "chiwongoladzanja," monga momwe anthu ena amatchulira, ndi chinthu chodzikuza. Awa ndi apadera, omwe nthawi zambiri amapambana omwe amangokhala ... okha.
Zotsatira:
> American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Matenda odziwa matenda a Asperger. Mubuku lofufuza ndi zowerengera za matenda a m'maganizo (Buku lachinayi --- malemba (DSM-IV-TR) Washington, DC: Association of American Psychiatric Association, 84.
> American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Buku lachidziwitso ndi zowerengera za matenda a maganizo (5th ed.).
> Autism Research Center, Dipatimenti Yopititsa Patsogolo, Psychiatry, University of Cambridge. Website. 2016.
> Kuyankhulana ndi Dr. Tony Attwood, May, 2007.