Zovuta Zambiri Zosiyana; Mmodzi wa Autism Spectrum
Autism ndi "matenda osokoneza bongo," kutanthauza kuti anthu okhala ndi autism angakhale ndi zizindikiro zochepa, zochepa, kapena zoopsa. Koma kodi anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a autism ali ndi matenda omwewo, ziribe kanthu zizindikiro zawo?
Momwe Kutulukira kwa Autism Kwasinthira M'zaka Zakale
Kuchokera 1994 mpaka May 2013, autism spectrum ankayimiridwa ndi asanu autism magulu ma diagnosti m'chinayi buku la Mauthenga Ofufuza. Zina mwazi zimaphatikizapo matenda a Asperger, Matenda Opitirira Pakati pa Mavuto Osagwirizana ndi Ena (PDD-NOS), Autistic Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Syndrome, ndi Rett Syndrome.
Tsoka ilo, matendawa anali osokoneza. Sizinali zovuta kufotokozera, koma odwala osiyanasiyana adasankha matenda osiyanasiyana kwa odwala omwewo. Kuti afotokoze matenda awo, ochita (komanso aphunzitsi ndi aphunzitsi) amagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "autism," "autism", ndi "kuthamanga kwambiri autism." Izi, ngakhale zili choncho, sizowona ngati zilizonse; iwo amangotanthauzira basi. Ndipo pamene cholinga chawo chinali kuthandiza makolo ndi aphunzitsi kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mwana aliri pa autism spectrum, dokotala aliyense anali ndi lingaliro lake la zomwe "zofatsa" kapena "zowawa" zingawonekere.
Momwe Timaganizira Zokhudza Autism Masiku Ano
M'chaka cha 2013, buku lachisanu la Buku Lophunzira linasindikizidwa. Mu DSM-5, pali "vuto limodzi la autism spectrum disorder." Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a autism, ziribe kanthu kaya ali ndi zizindikiro zotani, tsopano akuloledwa pansi pa chidziwitso chokhacho. Magulu atatu a autism, pamodzi ndi zolemba monga "osalankhula" zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zosavuta.
Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti tasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achikulire kapena osalongosoka, ena mwa iwo ndi omveka bwino kuposa Autism Spectrum Disorder Level II. Ndipotu, ngakhale madokotala ndi ena othandizira angagwiritse ntchito mawu monga Asperger Syndrome pamene akugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka autism kawirikawiri pazinthu zolipira.
Takulandirani ku dziko lovuta la maumboni ambiri.
Kodi Autism Spectrum Ndi Chiyani?
"Autism spectrum" imalongosola za kuchedwa kwachitukuko ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudza luso la chikhalidwe ndi kulumikizana, ndipo pamfundo yaikulu kapena yotsika, magalimoto ndi chilankhulo. Ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zingaphatikizepo anthu okhala ndi IQ apamwamba ndi kuchepetsa maganizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kukhala amtendere kapena osalankhula, okonda kapena ozizira, ozoloŵera kapena osasintha.
Mpaka mwezi wa May 2013, matenda opatsirana mu autism amagwiritsa ntchito matenda a autistic, matenda opatsirana ambiri-osatchulidwa (PDD-NOS), Asperger syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, ndi Rett Syndrome. Masiku ano, pali Autism Spectrum Disorder imodzi , yomwe ili ndi zigawo zitatu zolimba - koma odwala ambiri, odwala, makolo, ndi mabungwe akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu monga PDD-NOS ndi Asperger syndrome.
Kodi Mavuto Otsitsika Akuwonjezereka N'chiyani?
" Chisokonezo Chosalephereka Kwambiri " ndiloti , pakati pa 1994 ndi 2013, amatanthawuza chimodzimodzi "matenda a autism spectrum." Ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kale musanafike mu 2013 mwina mwamvapo mawu awa kuchokera kwa wofufuza kapena dokotala, koma sikutanthauza nthawi zambiri.
Kodi Asperger Syndrome Ndi Chiyani?
Matenda a Asperger akulongosola anthu pamapeto opambana kwambiri a autism. Mawuwa - ndi matendawa - achotsedwa m'buku lachidziwitso m'chaka cha 2013, koma pafupifupi aliyense m'magulu a autism akupitiriza kuligwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chothandizira kufotokoza gulu lenileni la anthu . Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Asperger amakhala ndi chiyankhulo chimodzimodzi monga momwe amachitira ana, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta yolankhulirana. Mavuto amenewa omwe amamveka bwino pamene akukula komanso akuyembekezeredwa ndi anthu. Chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Asperger nthawi zambiri amakhala anzeru - koma "quirky" - nthawi zina matendawa amatchedwa "geek syndrome" kapena "matenda a pulofesa."
Kodi Autism Yosavuta N'chiyani?
Mawu akuti " wofatsa autism " sali ovomerezeka. Imeneyi ndi nthawi yowonjezereka kwambiri kuposa "Asperger syndrome" kapena "autism." Kawirikawiri, anthu akamagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti mild autism akukamba za anthu omwe zizindikiro zawo zimagwirizana ndi vutolo la autism, koma amene ali ndi luso loyankhula ndi zochepa zoyenera kuchita. Komabe, anthuwa akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu ocheza nawo. Angakhalenso ndi mavuto olimbana ndi zovuta zambiri (phokoso lalikulu, magetsi owala, etc.).
Kodi Autism Imagwira Ntchito Motani?
Monga "autism" yochepa, kuthamanga kwa autism (nthawizina kuchepetsedwa kwa HFA) ndi mawu opangidwa omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Panthawi ina (isanakwane chaka cha 2013), mawuwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa "autism" ndi "Asperger syndrome." Kusiyanitsa kwapadera kwapadera kwa chaka cha 2013 chinali chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi HFA anali ndi kuchepa kwa mawu pamene anthu omwe ali ndi Asperger Syndrome amakhala ndi chitukuko choyenera cha kulankhula. Zoonadi, masiku ano palibe ASperger syndrome ... kupanga kusiyana kumakhala kovuta.
Kodi PDD-NOS N'chiyani?
" Chisokonezo Chosalephereka Kwambiri Kupanda Kuzindikiritsidwa " ndi mawu omveka bwino, mpaka chaka cha 2013, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza anthu omwe sanakwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni zina koma ndi autistic. Chifukwa palibe njira yosavuta yofotokozera zizindikiro za PDD-NOS, zomwe zingakhale zochepa kwambiri, zovuta zogonana sizilinsopo, ngakhale matenda atsopano, Chisokonezo cha Kulankhulana ndi Anthu , angakhale "gulu" lachidziwitso.
Kodi Autism N'chiyani?
Autism yodalirika sichidziŵika bwino; M'malo mwake, ndilo mawu omveka pamodzi ndi autism yeniyeni, yotsika kwambiri autism, ndi autism yachikale. Anthu omwe ali ndi "autism" nthawi zambiri amalephera kulankhula, komanso amakhala ndi makhalidwe ovuta.
Kodi Rett Syndrome N'chiyani?
Matenda a Rett ndi matenda omwe amachititsa atsikana okha. Ndiyo yokhayo yomwe kale idali matenda a autism spectrum omwe amatha kupezeka kuti ndi mankhwala (mpaka pano) - ndipo pofika mu Meyi 2013, salinso m'gulu la Autism Spectrum. Atsikana omwe ali ndi matenda a Rett amakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu kuphatikizapo chiwonetsero cha chiyanjano cha anthu pambali ya autism. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, matenda a Rett angathe kuwononga kwambiri mphamvu ya atsikana kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino manja awo.
Kodi Broadism Phenotype Ndi yotani?
Vuto lalikulu la autism phenotype likuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi cha autism. Nthawi zina izi zimafotokozedwa ngati "zizindikiro za mthunzi." Zizindikiro zofatsa, zomwe zimawoneka koma zomwe sizikulepheretsa kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizofala pakati pa mamembala a anthu omwe ali ndi autism. Kodi izi ndi autism? Kapena khalidwe la umunthu chabe? Monga ndi nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi autism, zimadalira amene mumapempha.