Autism, mwa tanthawuzo, ingapezeke kokha ngati zizindikiro zikuwoneka pamaso pa zaka zitatu. Chifukwa chake, autism nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa ana-kawirikawiri ana ali aang'ono ngati a zaka zitatu kapena ocheperapo. Inde, pali nthawi imene autism imapezeka m'zaka zachinyamata kapena akuluakulu, koma zaka zambiri za matendawa ndi pakati pa zaka zitatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Chifukwa chakuti autism nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mabuku, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi matenda a ubwana.
Ndipotu, mapulogalamu ambiri, chithandizo, ndi zothandizira zilipo kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi makolo awo. Koma, ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuti mwanayo amene amadziwika bwino ali ndi autism kuti athane ndi matendawa ngati wamkulu. Ambiri mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism amakula kuti akhale akuluakulu a autism.
Kodi Autism kwa Ana Amawoneka Motani?
Amanena ngati mwakumana ndi mwana mmodzi ndi autism ... mwakumana ndi mwana mmodzi ndi autism. Mawu amenewa, abwino kapena oipitsitsa, ndi olondola kwambiri.
Simungathe kuzindikira mwana wa autistic ndi maonekedwe ake. Ana ovomerezeka samawoneka mosiyana ndi wina aliyense. Ana omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kukhala chete kapena kuyankhula momveka bwino. Makhalidwe awo amatha kuchoka pazomwe zimakhala zachiwawa. Angakhale bwino pamaphunziro kapena amakumana ndi zovuta zovuta kuphunzira.
Zonse zomwe zinanenedwa, komatu, ana okhala ndi autism ali ndi makhalidwe ena ofanana. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira, komabe, kuti autism ndi matenda okhudzana ndi chitukuko, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe chizindikiro chimodzi kapena khalidwe, lokha, lingatanthauzire autism.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusiyana kumeneku kuyenera kukhala kofunikira kuti munthu adziwe kuti ali ndi matenda oterewa. Ayenera kulepheretsa mwanayo kuchita zinthu zodziwika, kupanga mabwenzi, kapena kupambana kusukulu. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mwana wamba akhoza kukhala chete komanso wamanyazi-ndipo izi zingawadetse nkhawa makolo ake.
Koma ngati mwanayo akutha kuyankha moyenera, yankhani mafunso akafunsidwa, ndikuyang'anira moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku popanda khama, manyazi ake amatha kukhala khalidwe labwino kuposa chizindikiro cha autism.
Ndiye kodi autism amawoneka bwanji?
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawizonse amakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana wa kulankhula . Iwo sangathe kuyankhula nkomwe, azichedwa kuchera, amalankhulana ndi zovuta zachilendo (poyimira phokoso, mwachitsanzo), kapena akhoza kukumbukira ndi kubwereza mawu kuchokera pa televizioni. Angathenso kulankhula mofulumira, kunena mobwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito galamala yoyenera pamene ayenera kukhala okalamba mokwanira kuti alankhule molondola.
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mavuto olankhulana . Apanso, izi zingasonyeze m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Iwo sangafune kuti aziyanjana ndi wina aliyense, amakonda kupota, kutsitsa zinthu, kapena kupitiliza kusuntha chimbudzi. Kapena iwo angafune kuti azilankhulana nthawi zonse ndipo alibe lingaliro pamene okwanira kokwanira. Angayesetse kupeza njira zawo zokha ndi kufunafuna zofuna zawo nthawi zonse kapena angakhale ochepa kwambiri. Ana ovomerezeka nthawi zambiri amatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa anzawo kuti aziphunzira kusewera nawo-osati pafupi-ana ena.
- Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi vuto linalake losokonezeka. Iwo angakonde kapena kupeŵa phokoso lamkuntho, kukumbatirana, kuwonetsa kwakukulu, kapena kununkhiza kolimba. Zitha kukhala zosavuta kuziwala kapena zosokonezeka mosavuta ndi zovuta zazing'ono ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Ana ena omwe ali ndi autism amadandaula kwambiri chifukwa chowoneka kuti ena sangazindikire-kapena ndi phokoso linalake (kutsekemera, phokoso la nyama, makanda akulira).
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri (ngakhale nthawi zonse) amasuntha mosiyana ndi ana ena. "Zimapangitsa" (zofupika kuti zikhale zolimbikitsa) zimakhala zachilendo ndipo zingawoneke kuti ndizosavomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ana akhoza kuyamwa m'manja awo, kulumpha misomali yawo, kapena kupukuta tsitsi lawo, ana a autistic amatha kuwombera manja, kuthamanga pazendo zawo, kapena kumbuyo. Ana ovomerezeka amatha kuyenda molimba mtima ndi manja awo omwe amakhala pambali pawo kapena kuthamanga ndi zovuta. Angakhale ovuta ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuponya, kugwira, kulemba, kapena kujambula.
- Ana ovomerezeka amachita mosiyana ndi anzawo. Ngakhale kuti ana amatha kuthamangira okha (kapena chifukwa amatopa kapena ali ndi njala), ana omwe amawotchera amavutika kwambiri chifukwa amalefuka, amakhumudwa, kapena sangathe kulankhulana. Amakhalanso "aang'ono kwa msinkhu wawo," akutsatira zofuna za "babyish" mpaka patapita nthawi yaitali kuposa anzawo.
- Zosangalatsa zimakhalanso zosiyana. Ana okhulupilira nthawi zambiri amakhala "opirira," kutanthauza kuti amanena kapena kuchita zinthu mofananamo mobwerezabwereza kapena "kumangika" pamalingaliro, lingaliro, mgwirizano, kapena chikhumbo. Angakhale olamulidwa ndikukhala okhumudwa kwambiri ngati malamulo akugwedezeka kapena akusweka. Iwo amatha kukhala ndi maganizo pazinthu zochepa. Ngakhale kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi autism kungangomveka kulira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapulani kapena botolo la madzi. Nthaŵi zina, ana omwe amawotcha amatha kukhala achiwawa kapena odzizunza kapena akhoza kuthawa (otchedwa "eloping") popanda chifukwa chomveka.
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism amasewera mosiyana ndi ana ena. Akhoza kusewera okha ndipo amavutika kapena osatheka kuyanjana ndi ana ena. Iwo akhoza "kusewera" pokonzekera kapena kutsanulira zinthu, kuziyika muzipinda, kapena kuyendayenda pabwalo kapena masewera othamangitsira dothi mumlengalenga. Iwo sangathe kusewera masewera a "kudziyeretsa" monga "nyumba" ndipo angavutike kutsatira malamulo a masewera monga mpira kapena mpira.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Ndikofunika Kudziwa Autism kwa Ana?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe ndizofunikira kuzindikira, kuganizira, ndikuchitira ana autism. Nazi zochepa chabe:
- Matenda oyambirira ndi amphamvu amasonyeza kuti ndi othandiza pochepetsa zizindikiro. Zochepa ndi zovuta za zizindikiro za mwana wanu, ndi bwino kuti azitha kuchita nawo maphunziro a sukulu komanso zosangalatsa za m'dera.
- Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe la mwana wanu ndi zovuta zingakuthandizeni kumvetsa zomwe mwana wanu akufuna kuti apambane.
- Sukulu ndi makampani a inshuwalansi a zaumoyo amapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism omwe sangathe kupezeka kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi "kuchedwa."
- Chitetezo cha anthu ndi mabungwe ena akhoza kukuthandizani kukwaniritsa zosowa za mwana wanu.
- Autism tsopano ikudziwika kwambiri kuti ambiri omwe alibe phindu ndi makampani omwe amathandiza kwambiri mabanja omwe ali ndi ana okhulupirira. Mukamvetsetsa kuti mwana wanu adziwa chiyani, mutha kupeza masewera olimbitsa thupi ochokera ku masewera a masewera kupita ku masewera a masewera mpaka masiku apadera ku zoo.
- Mukadziwa kuti mwana wanu adziwa chiyani, mungapeze mapulogalamu ndi magulu othandizira ndikukumana ndi makolo omwe ali ndi mavuto omwewo. Osati kokha kupeza zinthu zomwe simunkazidziwe, komabe mungapeze anzanu atsopano-inu nokha komanso mwana wanu.
Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Mwana Wanu Angakhale Autistic
Malinga ndi ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi, mungaganize kuti mwana wanu ayenera kuyesedwa kwa autism. Ngati ndi choncho:
- Werengani pang'ono za zizindikiro za autism kuti mutsimikizire kuti mumamvetsa bwino momwe autism imasiyanirana ndi zovuta zina zachitukuko.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wa ana kuti muwone ngati akugwirizana ndi zomwe mukuwerenga-ndipo funsani malangizo kwa madokotala kapena ma kliniki omwe angayankhe. Ngati adokotala sakugwirizana ndi inu, onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsa chifukwa chake ndikutsimikiza kuti mukuvomereza. Ngati simukuvomereza, pitani ku sitepe yotsatira.
- Lankhulani ndi chigawo chanu cha sukulu kuti mudziwe ngati ali ndi zipangizo zowonetsera mwana wanu kwaulere. Ngati ayi, akhoza kuwalimbikitsa kliniki kapena dokotala kuti agwire nawo ntchito.
- Sankhani dokotala kapena kliniki ndikupanga msonkhano.
Musamachite manyazi kuti mufunse kufufuza. Ngati mwana wanu ali autistic, mwakhala mukuchita bwino. Ngati mwana wanu akuchedwa kapena zovuta zomwe sizimamuyenerera kuti apeze matenda a autism, mwapeza zomwezo ndipo mukhoza kuzichita. Ngati mwana wanu akungokhala mosiyana, mukhoza kuika maganizo anu momasuka.
Mwachidule, kufufuza kungathandize kokha. Ndipo, popeza nthawi zambiri zimatheka kuti mwana wanu ayesedwe kwaulere, muyenera kutaya chiyani?
Zotsatira:
Anderson C, Law JK, Daniels A, Rice C, Mandell DS, Hagopian L, Law PA. Zochitika ndi zochitika m'banja zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la autism. Matenda. November 2012.
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. January 2016.
Johnson, CP Pachiyambi Chachipatala Zizindikiro za Ana ndi Autism. Mu: Gupta, VB ed: Vuto la Autistic Spectrum kwa Ana. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004: 85-123.
Rosenberg RE, Law JK, Yenokyan G, McGready J, Kaufmann WE, Law PA. Makhalidwe ndi magwirizano a autism spectrum matenda pakati pa 277 awiri awiri awiri. Arch Matenda Adolesc Med. 2009; 163 (10): 907-914