Zolinga Zoganizira za Autism Zasintha mu 2013
Mu May 2013, American Psychiatric Association inalembetsa buku lofufuza ndi lofufuza la Mental Disorders (DSM), Version Five, lodziwika bwino ndi DSM-5. DSM yatsopano, mofanana ndi onse omwe amatsogolere, ikuwonjezera mavuto atsopano; kuthetsa ena; ndipo zimasintha pa zifukwa zoyenera kuganizira.
Mofanana ndi mavesi awiri omalizira a DSM, buku ili linasintha kwambiri ku autism.
Matembenuzidwe atsopanowa anachotsa mavoti anayi asanamwalire : Matenda a Asperger, Matenda Osalephereka Kwambiri Osagwirizana, Kusokonezeka kwa Ana, Kusokonezeka kwa Autistic, ndi matenda a Rett, matenda a chibadwa, kukhala osiyana. M'malo mwa magulu asanu a matenda a autism, motero, tsopano pali imodzi yokha: Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pali, ngakhale, "magawo atatu a chithandizo" ndi zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madokotala amene amadziŵa kuti autism.
Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism ndi omwe amakonda, kuwathandiza, kuwaphunzitsa, kapena kuwachitira? Nazi zinthu khumi zodabwitsa, zofunikira, ndi / kapena zothandiza kuti mudziwe za DSM-5 matenda a autism spectrum.
FAQs About Autism Spectrum Disorder mu DSM-5
Mmodzi yekha autism spectrum ndi
1. Kodi Madokotala Akufunikira Kugwiritsa Ntchito DSM-5 Yatsopano?
Ayi. DSM ilibe ulamuliro pa aliyense. Ndi "chitsogozo." Choncho, pamene olemba "akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri" kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndipo akuyembekezeredwa kumvetsetsa, ali ndi ufulu wolowa mwalamulo kuti agwiritse ntchito maina awo omwe amawakonda.
Ndipotu, mogwirizana ndi Alicia Halladay, Autism Akunena kuti 'Mkulu Woyang'anira, Environmental and Clinical Sciences,' Chifukwa cha kusintha kwina kwa DSM, pakhala mayiko osiyanasiyana pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito DSM-5. palibe lamulo lotsatira kugwiritsa ntchito DSM, koma ndi njira yothandiza. "
2. Kodi akatswiri a zaumoyo a m'maganizo amavomereza kuti DSM-5 ikuwonetseratu malingaliro abwino a tsikuli?
Ayi. Pali anthu ambiri oganiza bwino, kuphatikizapo yemwe anali mkulu wa bungwe la National Institutes of Mental Health (Thomas Insel) ndi mmodzi mwa opanga DSM IV, amene amaganiza kuti DSM 5 imakhala yovuta. Dr. Allen Frances, yemwe ndi wotchuka wa DSM IV, ali ndi izi kwa odwala pa nkhani ya Huffington Post: "Malangizo anga kwa asing'anga ndi osavuta. Musagwiritse ntchito DSM-5. mkati mwake, ndipo zizindikiro zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mupereke ngongole zili kale kale kwaulere pa intaneti kapena mu DSM-IV. " Madokotala ali ndi njira imeneyi.
3. Kodi Anthu Amene Anawapeza Monga Asperger Syndrome kapena PDD-NOS Akutaya Zomwe Amazipeza?
Inde ndi Ayi. Zatsopano zokhudzana ndi matenda a ASD zimalowa m'malo asanu asanamwalire: Matenda a Asperger, Matenda Opitirira Pakati pa Mavuto Osagwirizana ndi Ena, Matenda a Kusokonezeka kwa Ana, ndi Autistic Disorder. Ngati muli ndi matenda omwe alipo kale, ndiye kuti muli ndi matenda a ASD. Ndipotu, Dr. Bryan King, yemwe anathandizira kulemba DSM-5, akuti "Pali mawu olembedwa mu DSM5 omwe 'anthu omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a ASD ayenera kupatsidwa matendawa.'"
4. Kodi Amalonda Amalonda Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji ndi ASD Yatsopano?
ASD yatsopano imakhala ndi code imodzi yokha yachipatala (mosiyana ndi malemba angapo operekedwa pansi pa DSM IV). Izi ziyenera kuthandiza anthu okhala ndi Asperger Syndrome ndi PDD-NOS kuti athe kupeza mautumiki omwe akufunikira. Koma sizinaoneke bwino momwe inshuwalansi ndi othandizira ena angagwiritsire ntchito malingaliro pansi pa ASD yatsopano. Popeza zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zonse za ASD yakale, zinthu ziyenera kukhala zowonjezereka, koma makhoti akadali panopa.
5. Kodi Chatsopano "Chisokonezo cha Kulankhulana Pagulu?" Kodi Ndiwo mawonekedwe a Autism?
Anthu omwe amayamba kupeza kachidziwitso kapena kuyambirananso, ndipo sagwirizana ndi ASD, angayambe ndi matenda atsopano: Chisokonezo cha Kuyankhulana kwa Anthu.
Izi zikuwoneka ngati mtundu wa "lite" wa ASD (popanda nkhani zovuta kapena zobwerezabwereza makhalidwe) ndipo ziri zofanana m'njira zambiri ku PDD-NOS wakale. Pali zifukwa zazikulu kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa sangakhale ndi mwayi wothandizira ntchito komanso zothandizira malamulo omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa.
6. Kodi Kusiyanasiyana kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Autism Akufotokozedwa Motani Padziko Latsopano la DSM-5?
Mosamala, kapena ayi. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma ASD akuyenera kufotokozedwa payekha, ndi ogwira ntchito, odwala, pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndi "ziganizo" (monga osalankhula, olemala, olemala, ndi zina zotero). Ngakhale kuti lingaliroli ndilobwino (pambuyo pake, anthu omwe ali ndi autism amasiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mzake), odwala am'mafupipafupi amatenga nthawi yolumikiza zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuti adziwe odwala. Ngakhale atatero, pali ngozi kuti masukulu, odwala, ndi opereka chithandizo adzawona "ASD," ndi kusiya kuwerenga.
7. Kodi Chimachitika ndi Asperger Syndrome?
Matenda a Asperger sanapite, koma salinso ndi kachidindo kake ka mankhwala. Mawuwo adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'tsogolomu ngati chida chofotokozera ndikufotokozera anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndi zovuta. Apa pali momwe Halladay imalongosolera tsogolo la matenda a Asperger: "Anthu omwe ali ndi Aspergers omwe akufuna kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi matendawa-chifukwa chakuti pali malo omwe amadziwika ndi chizindikirochi-timachirikiza icho.Ngati akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ndi Zilibe kanthu ndi DSM-5. Sitiyenera kukhala chilembo chodziwitsa. Tili ndi chida cha Asperger, ndipo sitikusintha dzina: tikuwonjezera nzeru zatsopano ndikufotokozera momwe mapu kupita ku DSM-5. Pamene nthawi ikupitirira, mawu amenewo akhoza kapena sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolomu. "
8. Kodi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi ASD akukwera kapena kugwa ndi DSM-5?
Malingana ndi CDC, sipanakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kuyambira 2013 mu chiwerengero cha ana omwe akupezeka ndi autism (1:68 ku United States)
9. Kodi Madokotala Adzatsimikiza Bwanji Ngati Zizindikiro Zili Zokwanira Kuti Zidzatha Kudziwa ASD?
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zizindikiro "Zizindikiro ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka bwino ndipo sizifotokozedwa bwino ndi matenda ena a DSM-5." Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Mwachiwonekere, yankho lidzakhala losiyana kwa dokotala aliyense, ndi wodwala aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala opanda mawu mwachiwonekere kumagwira ntchito molakwika, koma kuvutika kumvetsetsa mawu kapena kunyoza kumatithandizanso? Madokotala ena ati inde, ena adzakana.
10. Kodi DSM Version ya Autism N'kutheka Kusintha Komabe?
Tanthauzo la DSM la autism lasintha kale, ndipo lidzasintha. Panthawi ina, panali "autism" ndipo palibe "autism spectrum". Pambuyo pake, DSM IV ndi DSMIV-TR, matenda a Asperger ndi PDD-NOS anawonjezeredwa ku kusakaniza. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti chifukwa chake DSM ili kulembedwa ngati Chiarabu "5" osati "V" ya Chiroma kotero kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kupanga mapulogalamu. Yembekezani kuti muwone DSM 5.1, 5.2, ndi zina zotero!
Zotsatira:
Kuyankhulana ndi Dr. Brian King, June 2013. Dr. Bryan H. King ndiye mtsogoleri wa Seattle Children's Autism Center komanso wotsogolera ana a zaumoyo ku University of Washington ndi Seattle Children's Hospital. Iye anali membala wa gulu la ntchito lomwe linayang'anitsitsa kutanthauzira kutanthauzira kwa autism ndi mavuto ena.
Kucheza ndi Alicia Halladay, June 2013. Alicia Halliday ndi Mtsogoleri wamkulu, Environmental and Clinical Sciences at Autism Speaks.
Allen Frances, MD "Zolakolako Zowopsa Zowopsya mu DSM-5 Tanthauzo la Autism" The Huffington Post. June 16, 2013.
Susan L. Hyman, MD "New DSM-5 ikuphatikiza kusintha kwa autism criteria." The American Academy of Pediatrics, June 2013.