Matenda Okula Kwambiri Omwe Sitiwatsimikizire (PDD-NOS)
Matenda Okula Kwambiri Omwe Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito (PDD-NOS), omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa autism, amakhala-kwa kanthaŵi kochepa-chiwerengero cha matenda mu autism spectrum. PDD-NOS "idapangidwa" kuphatikizapo ana ambiri omwe anali ndi zina, koma osati zonse, zizindikiro za autism.
PDD-NOS siigulu lachidziwitso, ngakhale pali achinyamata ambiri komanso achinyamata omwe adalandira matendawa ngati anyamata.
Mbiri Yakafupi ya PDD-NOS
DSM ndi buku lomwe limalemba mavuto onse a maganizo ndi chitukuko. Panopa palimasulidwe 5 a DSM, ndipo aliyense ali wosiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Matenda a maganizo ndi chitukuko, mosiyana ndi matenda a thupi, nthawi zambiri amatsatira miyambo ya anthu; Mwachitsanzo, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa nthawi yaitali kunkaoneka kuti ndi matenda a maganizo koma sikunatchulidwe mu DSM. Matenda atsopano, monga kubwerera, awonjezeredwa.
PDD-NOS mu DSM-IV (Pambuyo pa 2013)
DSM-IV inalembedwa mu 1994. Mmenemo, kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi yotsirizira, autism inagawidwa m'magulu asanu osiyanitsa. Zina mwazo zinali matenda a autistic, Asperger syndrome, ndi PDD-NOS. Mu DSM-IV, autism spectrum ndi dzina lina la mavuto aakulu otukuka (PDDs) , gulu la matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zina zofanana . Vuto la autism linali dzina lina mwa zisanu mwazidzidzidzi zotchedwa autism spectrum diagnosis: vuto lalikulu lachitukuko lomwe silingatchulidwe (PDD-NOS) .
Nazi momwe PDD-NOS inasiyanitsira ndi PDDs zina:
Gawoli liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali vuto lalikulu komanso lofala poyambitsa chiyanjano chokhazikika pakati pa anthu kapena mau olankhulirana ndi osalankhula, kapena ngati khalidwe, zofuna, ndi zochitika zilipo, koma zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chitukuko chofala kwambiri matenda, schizophrenia, schizotypal umunthu matenda, kapena kupeŵa kusokonezeka kwa umunthu. Mwachitsanzo, gululi likuphatikizapo "autism" - mawonetsero omwe sagwirizana ndi matenda a autistic chifukwa cha msinkhu wa kuyambika, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, kapena chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, kapena zonsezi.
Ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi PDD-NOS (kapena "autism"), zikutanthauza kuti anali ndi zizindikiro zochepa kuti azindikire ndi matenda a autistic kapena Asperger syndrome , ndipo zizindikiro zolakwika zimapezeka ndi matenda a Rett kapena Childhood Disintegrative Disorder . Komabe adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chodziwika bwino chomwe chimatanthauza kuti anali ndi vuto lalikulu lachitukuko.
PDD-NOS Lero
Mu 2013, DSM-5 inasindikizidwa. Olemba DSM-5 anapanga chisankho chofunika kwambiri chogonjetsa matenda onse a autm a DSM-IV m'gulu limodzi lodziŵika: autism spectrum disorder. Chotsatira chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena anayi mwadzidzidzi sanatuluke.
Kusintha kumeneku, kukupemphani funso: ngati mwana wanga atulukira kuti "autism" kapena PDD-NOS, ndiye autistic? Yankho ndilo inde ... ndipo ayi.
EYA: Malinga ndi DSM-IV, mwana yemwe anapezeka ndi PDD-NOS, anapeza kuti ali ndi vuto la autism spectrum. Ndipo, malinga ndi DSM-5, ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa autism pansi pa DSM-IV, matendawa sangathe kuchotsedwa.
Ayi: Ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi PDD-NOS, iye alibe chidziwitso choyenera cha munthu amene ali ndi autism.
Chotsatira chake, ngati iye ayesedwa lero, pali mwayi kuti iye sangalowere zoyenera za autism.
Kodi Anthu Amene Anawapeza ndi PDD-NOS Ali ndi Zisonyezo Zambiri?
Ndipotu, matenda a PDD-NOS sakunena kuti zizindikiro za mwanazo ndi zovuta kapena zolepheretsa, koma sizingagonjetsedwe ndi matenda ena monga Asperger syndrome kapena matenda a autistic. M'mawu ena, ndizotheka kukhala ndi matenda a autism / PDD-NOS komanso kukhala olumala kwambiri .
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ana ambiri ndi akulu omwe adalandira matenda a autism / PDD-NOS amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa.
Kafukufuku wina woyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autism / PDD-NOS omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zina, zowonongeka kwambiri za autism zinadza ndi mfundo iyi:
ZOKHUDZA: Potsata ndondomeko ya ntchito, ana a PDD-NOS anali ndi zambiri zomwe zinali pakati pa ana a autism ndi ana omwe ali ndi AS. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, gulu la PDD-NOS linali ndi zizindikiro zochepa zowonongeka, makamaka zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza, kusiyana ndi autism ndi AS magulu (chi2 = 11.06, p = .004). Ana omwe ali ndi PDD-NOS akhoza kuikidwa m'gulu limodzi mwa magawo atatu: gulu lopambana (24%) lomwe linkafanana ndi AS koma lili ndi chizoloŵezi chochedwa kuchepa kapena kukhumudwa pang'ono; gulu lina lofanana ndi autism (24%) koma omwe anali atayamba kale msinkhu kapena chidziwitso kwambiri chochedwa kuchepetsa kapena anali aang'ono kwambiri kuti athe kupeza njira zonse zoganizira za autism; ndipo gulu (52%) silinakwaniritse zoyenera za autism chifukwa cha zochepa zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi zobwerezabwereza.
Ngakhale magulu a autism spectrum ndi ovuta kusiyanitsa, mwanjira inayake ziribe kanthu kaya ndi chiyani chomwe mwana wanu amalandira. Izi ndizo chifukwa mankhwala omwe amavomereza kuti zovuta za mwana wanu zikukula zingakhale zogwirizana kwambiri ngakhale zili zotani ku boma la autism: kuyerekezera kwakukulu ndi / kapena chithandizo cha chitukuko, pamodzi ndi kulankhula, ntchito zothandizira komanso zakuthupi. Pamene mwana wanu akula pang'ono, adzalandikizidwanso ku mtundu wina wa chithandizo chamankhwala.
Zotsatira:
> Allen DA, Steinberg M, Dunn M, Fein D, Feinstein C, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. "Matenda okhudzidwa ndi mavuto ena okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko mwa ana: chimodzimodzi kapena chosiyana?" Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Mar; 10 (1): 67-78.
> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Page Tsamba.
> Walker DR, et al. "Kufotokozera PDD-NOS: kuyerekezera PDD-NOS, Asperger syndrome, ndi autism." J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Feb; 43 (2): 172-80.