Autism Yopambana Siyikudziwika Yoyamba, Koma Ali ndi Mavuto Amodzi
Palibe zoterezi zomwe zimatchedwa "autism". Pamene mawuwa agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndi njira yeniyeni yofotokozera msinkhu wa ntchito ndi zosowa za munthu. Nthawi zambiri autism imatchedwa autism, yotchuka autism, "autism" ya Kanner (pambuyo pa munthu amene anayamba kufotokozera autism ngati matenda apadera), kapena autism. Mwachidule, limatanthauzira anthu otchukawa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri.
Mavuto Ovuta Kapena "Level 3" Autism
Njira inanso yofotokozera zovuta za autism ndikulankhula za mlingo wothandizira kuti munthu amene ali ndi matendawa apite bwinobwino. Buku lodziŵika bwino lomweli (DSM-5) limapereka maulendo atatu a autism, ndi chithandizo china chofunika pa mlingo uliwonse. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri amawoneka ngati ali ndi "Level 3" Autism Spectrum Disorder , kutanthauza kuti akusowa thandizo lalikulu. Si zachilendo kuti munthu amene ali ndi autism wamphamvu amafunikira thandizo 24/7 ndi kuyang'anira.
Autism yoopsa ikhoza kukhala yowonongeka komanso yovuta kuposa mitundu ina ya autism. Ndichifukwa chakuti (1) anthu omwe ali ndi autism ambiri ali ndi zofanana zofanana ndi wina aliyense pa masewera, koma mochuluka kwambiri; ndipo (2) anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zosavomerezeka m'maganizo akuluakulu. Nkhani ziwirizi zingakhale zosavuta kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi autism (kapena banja lake) kuti azigwira ntchito bwino poyambira kuchokera ku sukulu kupita ku sitolo kupita ku ofesi ya dokotala.
Zowonjezereka Zowonjezereka za Zizindikiro Zodziwika Zodziwika
Kuti ayenere kukhala ndi matenda a autism, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofunikira kuti asokoneze moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Munthu aliyense wa autistic ayenera kukhala ndi chikhalidwe, chilankhulo, ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta; ngakhale chomwe chimatchedwa "kukwera kwambiri" autism kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.
Koma zovuta zimenezi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi "oopsa" autism. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mavuto ndi Olankhula Zinenero : Ngakhale kuti aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a autism amavutika nthawi zambiri ndi chidziwitso ndi chilankhulo, anthu omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero . Amawonekeranso kuti sakuzindikira za anthu ozungulira.
- Kulephera Kwambiri. Anthu ambiri ozungulira autism amatha kusokonezeka (ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osamveka bwino, kuwomba, kukhudza, kulawa kapena kununkhiza). Anthu omwe ali ndi magetsi ambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri, mpaka kufika poti makamu, nyali zowala kapena phokoso lalikulu zingakhale zodabwitsa.
- Mavuto Ozindikira. Anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism ali ndi IQ yapamwamba. Ena ali ndi IQ pafupi kapena 75 - kuchotsedwa kwa zomwe zimatchedwa kutaya maganizo. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi autism amakhala otsika mpaka otsika kwambiri, ngakhale atayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosayesa. Ndikofunika kudziwa, ngakhale, kuti maonekedwewo anganyengedwe: anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism amphamvu adaphunzira kuyankhula pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro, mapepala apelera kapena zipangizo zina. Ena mwa anthu amenewa amawonekera kwambiri, ndipo amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri ali ndi mphamvu kuposa momwe amaonekera.
- Zotsatira Zobwerezabwereza. Anthu ambiri pa autism spectrum ali ndi makhalidwe obwerezabwereza ndi makhalidwe odzikakamiza . Anthu ogwira ntchito apamwamba angagwirane manja awo, thanthwe, kapena kuwombera zala zawo. Kawirikawiri, amatha kulamulira makhalidwe amenewa kwa nthawi yofunika. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe ambiri, ndipo makhalidwe awo akhoza kukhala oopsa komanso osasinthasintha (rocking zachiwawa, khomo lopweteka, kulira, etc.).
- Zizindikiro Zathupi. Anthu odwala autism amakhala ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi zomwe nthawi zina zimawoneka ndi autism zochepa. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugona, khunyu, ndipo, malinga ndi zina, zokhudzana ndi m'mimba. Chifukwa cha mavuto awo ndi kuyankhulana, nkhani zoterezi zingathe kupezeka mosazindikira kapena osadziwika. Zotsatira za matenda osadziwika angakhale ndi khalidwe limene kwenikweni limayambitsidwa ndi ululu wamthupi.
Mavuto Osadabwitsa Amene Amakhudza Anthu Omwe Amakhala ndi Autism Yamphamvu
Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku ena, makhalidwe oipa omwe amawoneka ngati autism amakhala kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, kapena kupweteka thupi. Chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kulankhulana zosowa zawo m'mawu, akhoza kupeza malingaliro omwe angakhale oopseza kwa osamalira awo ndi ena. Ngati makhalidwe sangathe kuchitidwa kapena kuyang'aniridwa, akhoza kukhala owopsa; Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kuti makolo kapena achibale azikhala mosamala ndi achinyamata omwe ali ovuta kwambiri.
- Kudzivulaza. Ngakhale kudzivulaza kungachitike pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya autism, makhalidwe monga kutsitsa mutu ndi pica (kudya zakudya zopanda chakudya) ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala ndi autism.
- Zovuta ndi Zotsutsana ndi Zosangalatsa. Chiwawa sichinthu chosowa kwambiri mu autism, koma ndithudi sichimveka, makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi autism (kapena anthu omwe ali ndi autism ndi zina monga nkhawa yaikulu). Anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri akhoza kuchita mwa kumenya, kukuwa, kapena kukankha. Angakhalenso ndi makhalidwe monga fecal smearing, pakhomo, ndi zina zotero.
- Kuthamanga ndi Eloping. "Eloping" (kuthawa popanda chifukwa chenicheni komanso kopanda malo enaake) ndi wamba pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi autism. Mosiyana ndi anthu apamwamba omwe amagwira ntchito, anthu omwe ali ndi autism ambiri alibe zipangizo zoyankhulirana ndi oyankha oyambirira. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezera mwayi woti munthuyo ayambe kuyenda moopsa. Nthaŵi zina, zida zapadera, zida, ndi zida zozindikiritsa ndizofunika kuti muteteze munthu yemwe ali ndi autism.
Kuchiza kwa Autism Yamphamvu
Palibe mankhwala omwe amachiritsa kwambiri autism monga matenda. Komabe, palinso njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala komanso zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zamankhwala zothana ndi zizindikiro za zovuta za autism. Zina mwazinthuzi sizinthu zopanda nzeru.
- Fufuzani nkhani zakuthupi ndi kusagwirizana kwa zakudya. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi autism amphamvu omwe amatha kufotokoza zizindikiro za thupi kapena mavuto. Choncho, ndibwino kuyamba ndi kuwona ngati mwana ali ndi vutolo kwambiri ali ndi zizindikiro za thupi zomwe zingapangitse makhalidwe oipa. Si zachilendo, mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira kuti khalidwe lachiwonekere la mwana limayankha kupweteka kwa m'mimba kwambiri - kupweteka komwe kumatha kupyolera mwa kusintha kwa zakudya. Pokhapokha ululu utatha, munthuyo amapeza kukhala kosavuta kumasuka, kuchita, kuphunzira, ndi kuchita moyenera.
- Phunzitsani luso loyankhulana. Ana ambiri odwala autism sali mawu. Ngakhale ataphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero, ena amavutika kufunsa kapena kuyankha mafunso, ndipo akhoza kubwereza kumveka popanda kuwauza tanthauzo. Komabe, ambiri mwa anthu omwewo sangathe kulankhulana amatha kulankhulana pogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro, makadi ojambula zithunzi, mabungwe olankhulana ndi digito, ndi makibodi. Kulankhulana, ndithudi, ndikofunika kwa mtundu uliwonse wa chidziwitso ndi kuphunzira.
- Perekani malo okondweretsa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi nkhawa. Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mavitamini amphamvu, kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri pamodzi ndi magetsi otsika, zovuta zochepa, zakudya zosadziŵika, ndi zothandizira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.
- Osati mankhwala achipatala. Mwana yemwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amayankha bwino ku Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), njira yothetsera khalidwe yomwe nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa kusukulu ndi mapulogalamu oyambirira. Thandizo lophatikizana lothandizira lingakhale lothandiza, monga autism yambiri imakhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Njira zina zochiritsira zimaphatikizapo kulankhula, ntchito yachipatala , chithandizo chamankhwala komanso, nthawi zina, kusewera mankhwala .
- Mankhwala. Chithandizo cha autism nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo mankhwala a nkhawa komanso nkhani zina. Mankhwala oletsa anti-psychotic angakhalenso othandiza, monga momwe angathere ndi anti-depressants. Ndikofunika kufufuza mosamala yankho la mwana wanu kwa mankhwala, monga - nthawi zina - zotsatira kapena kuyanjana kungayambitse mavuto ambiri omwe amathetsa.
> Zotsatira:
D oyle, Carolyn, et al.Pharmacologic mankhwala okhudza zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a autism osiyanasiyana. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012 Sep; 14 (3): 263-279.
> Ghaeli, Padideh et al. "Zotsatira za Risperidone pa Zizindikiro Zachikulu za Maganizo Opatsirana Ochokera ku Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Open Label Study." Indian Journal Psychological Medicine 36.1 (2014): 66-70. PMC . Webusaiti. 29 Dec. 2016.