Mwayesa kuchuluka kwa ubwino ndi chiopsezo ndipo munaganiza kuti Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) ndi mankhwala abwino kwa mwana wanu autistic. Tsopano, mumapita kumatumba amkuwa kuti mudziwe nthawi, malo, ndi mankhwala omwe mwana wanu amafunikira kwambiri.
Maola 40 pa sabata
Mabukuwa amalimbikitsa maola 40 pa mlungu. Koma mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndi ovuta kupeza.
Kodi ndi kofunikira kuti mwana akhale ndi maola 40 a ABA mlungu uliwonse kuti apambane?
Onse a Lovaas Institute (omwe adayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ABA kwa autism) ndi Behavior Analyst Certification Board (yomwe imaphunzitsa ABA olemba) amati "inde." Malingana ndi anthu a ku Lovaas: Zotsatira zabwino zakhala zikuchitika pamene mwana alandira maola 40 pa sabata. Kuchitapo kanthu kuyenera kukhala payekha, ndipo zinthu zina, monga msinkhu wa mwana komanso luso lapamwamba, zidzakhudza maola omwe akulimbikitsidwa. Koma, maola 40 pa sabata amakhalabe muyezo womwe ungachoke.
Inde, mabungwe onse awiriwa akugulitsa ABA, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi chifukwa chabwino chowonetsera kuti zambiri ABA zili bwino kuposa zochepa.
Kuchepetsa Nambala ya Maola
Komabe, onse awiri amanena kuti maola angachepetsedwe kwa ana omwe ali ndi zovuta zochepa ndipo ayenera kuchepetsedwa pakapita nthawi pamene mwanayo amapeza luso.
Amanenanso kuti ABA iyenera kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, payekha komanso m'magulu.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi mabungwe omwe si a ABA akuwoneka kuti akusonyeza kuti maola angapo angakhale othandiza. Koma ngakhale apo, nthawi imene amathera kuchipatala ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Manambala omwe amatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi maola 25-40 pa sabata, mlungu uliwonse, kwa zaka zitatu.
Lovaas Institute inati:
Cholinga cha maola makumi anai ndi makumi anayi ndi kupatsa mwana njira yowonongeka tsiku lonse. Panthawi yowonongeka, chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuthandiza mwana kukhala wopambana komanso kuphunzitsa luso latsopano. Kuonjezera apo, makolo ali ndi mphamvu zopitilira kuthandizira pa nthawi yomwe mwana akukula. Kawirikawiri kulera ana kumaphunzira kuchokera ku chilengedwe nthawi yonse yakuka. Cholinga cha pulogalamu yayikulu ndi kulola mwanayo kuti autism adziphunzira momwe angaphunzirire zachilengedwe ndipo potsirizira pake amapeza kwa anzake omwe amakula bwino.
Kodi ana amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anzawo omwe ali pachibwenzi ndi ABA?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti izi ndizochepa koma zimachitika. Kawirikawiri, ana omwe kwenikweni "akugwira" ndiwo ntchito yabwino kwambiri yoyambira ndi pamene amatha kugwira ntchito bwino ngati ana ang'onoang'ono, angapangitse zovuta zatsopano pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zokhuzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'zaka zapitazi.
Komabe, m'madera ambiri, ana okhala ndi autism "samagwira." Ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi autism amatha kuphunzira (nthawi zambiri) kupeza makhalidwe atsopano ndi "kuwotcha" ena, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu.
Ndipo, ndithudi, pamene mwana akulandira kwambiri ABA, ali ndi nthawi "yowonjezerapo" yopereka zofuna zachinyamata, zofuna zake, kapena maubwenzi. Akukhalanso m'dziko lopangidwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi chisokonezo cha moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi autism, mosiyana ndi anzake ake, sangakhale ndi zochitika zambiri monga masewero a timu, masewera a sukulu, ndi kuyanjana kwina komwe kuli kofunika kuti anthu avomereze. Zingathezenso kuchepetsa chidziwitso cha mwana ndi kusinthasintha, kusintha kwake, ndi luso lina lofunikira.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa china chimene makolo ayenera kuziganizira poyang'ana pa intaneti ABA ndizofunika.
Uthenga wabwino wa mabanja omwe amasankha ABA ndikuti nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa (pamlingo wina) ndi sukulu komanso / kapena inshuwalansi . Nthawi zina, sukulu idzapatsa ophunzira maphunziro a ABA kusukulu. Nthawi zina, inshuwaransi ya umoyo kapena Medicaid ikhoza kulipira ena mwa mankhwala a ABA. Pa maola 40 pa sabata kwa zaka zitatu, komabe, ndalama zomwe "zatsala" za mabanja zingakhale zofunikira.
Zotsatira:
"Zotsatira za ABA za ASD." Bungwe la Analyst Certification Board. Webusaiti, 2014.
Lovaas, OI (1987). Mchitidwe wamakhalidwe ndi ntchito zachizolowezi za maphunziro ndi zaluso kwa ana aang'ono autistic. Journal of Consulting ndi Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
"Lovaas ABA Chithandizo cha Ana Omwe Ali ndi Autism." Lovaas Institute. Webusaiti, 2013.
McEachin, JJ, Smith, T., & Lovaas, OI (1993). Zotsatira za nthawi yaitali kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism omwe analandira chithandizo chamakono choyambirira. Journal ya American pa Kutaya Maganizo, 97 (4), 359-372.
Sallows, Glen O. & Graupner, Tamlynn D. (2005). Kuchiza Makhalidwe Abwino kwa Ana ndi Autism: Zotsatira za Zaka Zinayi ndi Zotsutsa. Magazini ya American pa Kutaya Maganizo, 110 (6), 417-438.
Malangizo a Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku New York State