Ngati mukudziwa zonse za autism , mukudziwa kuti matendawa amatchedwa "autism spectrum".
Ngati mwakhala pambali ya magulu a anthu omwe amakonda autism, mumamva ngakhale mawu akufupikitsidwa kuti "The Spectrum." Monga momwe "aliri phokoso," kapena "ndi pulogalamu yabwino kwa ana pamasewera."
Kodi akukamba za chiyani?
Autism Spectrum
Pakukambirana kwakukulu, mawu akuti "spectrum" amatanthawuza chinthu chimodzimodzi monga "zosiyanasiyana." Monga momwe "zojambulazo zimadza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana." Spectra (kuchuluka kwa masewera) nthawi zambiri imayimilidwa ndi mawonekedwe a utawaleza, ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamapeto amodzi ndi kumapeto kwake.
M'dziko lafilosofi, mawu akuti spectrum nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kuwala kwa utawaleza - mitundu ya utawaleza kuphatikizapo miyezi yosawoneka yomwe imaphatikizapo yowonjezera yofiira, ultraviolet, X-ray, masewera a gamma, ndi zina zotero. Mafupipafupi omwe ali pafupipafupi ali pamapeto pake, pamene maulendo aatali kwambiri ali pamapeto ena.
M'dziko la zamankhwala, mawu akuti "spectrum" amatanthauzanso zosiyanasiyana pakati pa chidziwitso.
Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa gulu lachidziwitso sikunali zachilendo. Ngakhale mkati mwa gulu monga "mutu", mwachitsanzo, zomwe zikuwonekeratu kuti "ululu pamutu," pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pali anthu omwe ali ndi mutu wopweteka komanso anthu omwe ali ndi ululu waukulu.
Kotero bwanji osangonena kuti "wofatsa" kapena "wovuta," ndi kusiya izo pa izo?
Mawu akuti "spectrum" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene "wofatsa" ndi "woopsa" samaphimba zonse zomwe zingatheke. Kawirikawiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitheke kukhala ndi "milsi" kapena "zolimbitsa thupi" kapena "zizindikiro zowopsa koma osati zoopsa".
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti asonyeze kuti pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana.
Kubwereranso ku chitsanzo cha mitu - osati mitu yokha, yocheperapo, komanso yovuta, koma imakhalanso yosiyana ndi khalidwe komanso chifukwa. Munthu mmodzi akhoza kukhala ndi mutu wopweteka pamene wina ali ndi vuto lopweteka.
Kumutu kwa munthu m'modzi kumatha kuchotsedwa ndi mankhwala amodzi pamene mutu wa munthu wina umayamba chifukwa cha nkhawa.
Matenda ambiri, makamaka vuto la maganizo ndi chitukuko, akuphatikizapo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zizindikiro za zizindikiro . Pali Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Spectrum, Schizophrenia Spectrum, ndi Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa onse ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana koma - monga ndi mutu - kuuma, khalidwe, ndi chifukwa zimasiyana.
Vuto la autism, chifukwa lakhala lachidziwitso chodziwika bwino, liri ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kukhala THE Spectrum kwa anthu ambiri. The Spectrum ndi yaikulu, ikuphatikiza anthu omwe ali anzeru modabwitsa ndi anthu omwe amatsutsidwa mosamalitsa; anthu omwe ali ofatsa komanso anthu omwe ali achiwawa; anthu omwe amasangalala ndi okwera pamawotchi ndi anthu omwe sangathe kupirira. Monga momwe simunamvekere kale (nthawi zambiri) - mukamudziwa munthu mmodzi ali ndi autism, mumadziwa munthu mmodzi ali ndi autism .
Ngakhale lingaliro la autism spectrum ndi lothandiza m'njira zambiri, zingakhalenso zosokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, imapempha mafunso monga:
- Kodi anthu onse omwe ali pamasewerawa angakhale autistic bwanji?
- Kodi mungakambirane kapena kuimira gulu la anthu omwe ali osiyana bwanji?
- Kodi n'zotheka kuchita kafukufuku pa "anthu omwe ali ndi autism" ngati ali osiyana ndi wina ndi mnzake?
- Kodi mapulogalamu, zothandizira, kapena mwayi angapangidwe bwanji kuti "anthu okhala ndi autism" atakhala ndi zofanana kwambiri?
Malinga ngati autism spectrum ikutchulidwa ngati gawo limodzi lodziŵika, mafunso awa sadzachoka. Kodi Spectrum ndi yaikulu kwambiri? Lamuloli lidali kunja.