Mawu akuti kuzindikira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimawoneka zomveka kufikira mutayesera kuzifotokozera. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa mosiyana. Akatswiri a zamaganizo sakutanthauza chinthu chomwecho pamene akunena "chidziwitso" monga momwe Vesi ya Yogeya imanena. Mwachidziwitso chifukwa cha vuto lovomerezana pa zomwe liwu limatanthawuza, chidziwitso ndi chinthu chovuta kumvetsa.
Monga zinthu zina zambiri m'moyo, chidziwitso chimamveka bwino ngati chatayika. Pogwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za chidziwitso chochepa, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amatha kudziwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maubongo a ubongo ndizofunikira kuti akhalebe tcheru ndi kuzindikira za malo anu.
Nthaŵi zina akatswiri a sayansi ya zachipatala amaona kuti zimathandiza kupatulira zidziŵitso ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti zimakhala zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso zimakhala ndi mapulogalamu a ubongo omwe amachititsa chidwi, kuyenda, kukumbukira, ndi kutengeka. Kuwukweza kapena chiwerengero cha kuzindikira, kumaphatikizapo momwe mukudzidziwira (mwachitsanzo mukugalamuka kapena ayi), kumatha kwanu kumvetsera zinthu (mwachitsanzo ngati mukuwerenga izi), ndi momwe mumadziwira malo anu (mwachitsanzo ngati mukudziwa kumene ndi nthawi yomwe muli).
The Reticular Activating System
Ubongo umangokhala waukulu kwambiri ngati chala chanu, koma uli ndi malo ambiri ofunikira kupuma, kusunthira, ndi kukhala maso ndi maso.
Odwala matenda a ubongo, monga norepinephrine, amatulutsidwa ndi ubongo mpaka pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya ubongo, kulimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa ubongo.
Chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri kuti tikhalebe maso ndi njira yothandizira (RAS) mu ubongo. Ndondomeko yowonongeka imalandira zisonyezo kuchokera kumbali zina zambiri za ubongo, kuphatikizapo njira zachisokonezo kuchokera mu msana (kotero mumadzuka ngati simukumva).
RAS imatumizanso zizindikiro zosangalatsa m'madera ambiri mu ubongo wonse. Mwachitsanzo, RAS "imayankhula ndi" basal forebrain, yomwe imatumizira zizindikiro zochititsa chidwi mu ubongo wonse. Choyambira choyambira chikugwira ntchito panthawi yomwe ikuuka komanso pamene mukulota.
The Hypothalamus
RAS imatumiziranso chizindikiro ku hypothalamus , yomwe imayendetsa ntchito monga kuthamanga kwa mtima komanso imakuthandizani kukhala maso mwa kumasula histamine. Ambiri a mbiri yakale ali kunja kwa ubongo, kumene amachititsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino komanso atha kuyankhidwa. Posachedwapa, ma neuroni okhala ndi histamine amapezedwanso muubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kukhalabe maso. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kumenyana ndi histamines monga Benadryl kukhoza kuchititsa kugona.
Thalamus
RAS imalankhulanso ndi thalamus. Kuphatikiza pa kusewera kuti akhalebe tcheru, thalamus imakhala ngati sitima yowonjezereka kwa chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chomwe chikuyandikira khungu la cerebral ndi malamulo oyendayenda kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku thupi. Ngati thalamus silingatumize uthenga wokhudzidwa ndi cortex, monga pinprick ku phazi, munthuyo sadziwa kuti chinachitika.
Cerebral Cortex
Chikopa cha ubongo chimakwirira pamwamba pa ubongo ndipo ndipamene pali zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira.
Mbali zosiyana za chilankhulo cholamulira chilembo cha ubongo, kukumbukira, komanso umunthu wanu. Ngakhale kuti kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo cha ubongo sikungayambitse kutaya chidziwitso, kungachititse kuti munthu asadziwitsire za mbali zina zapansi panu.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi stroke kapena zilonda m'magulu awo oyenera amatha kuzindikira za kumanzere kwa malo awo akunja, chizindikiro chodziwika ngati kunyalanyazidwa. Ngati akufunsidwa kuti atenge ola kapena chipinda, iwo adzangotenga mbaliyo kumanja. Nthawi zambiri, anthu osanyalanyaza sadziwa ngakhale dzanja lawo lamanzere, ndipo ngati dzanja likuyimilira patsogolo pawo, akhoza kunena kuti ndi la wina.
Uku ndikutayika kwa chidziwitso, ngakhale kuti munthuyo amakhala maso.
Kutaya Chidziwitso
Ngati zigawo zambiri za khungu la ubongo zikuvulala, kapena ngati munthu akuvulazidwa ndi thalamus kapena ubongo wake, munthuyo akhoza kulowa mu coma. Nthendayi ndi kuperewera kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso chimene sikutheka kuukitsa munthu. Zinthu zambiri zingayambitse coma, ndipo mwayi wochira umasiyana.
Kuphunzira chidziwitso ndi chovuta kwambiri. Chidziwitso chimadalira kuyanjana kwa magulu angapo othandizana nawo mu dongosolo la manjenje. Kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwa chidziwitso n'kosatheka kwambiri. Komanso, pamene tayankhula za mbali zingapo za ubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi msinkhu wina wa kuzindikira kapena kusamala, ziyeneranso kuzindikira kuti chidziwitso sichitha kusintha kosasintha kusiyana ndi kusintha kwa "dimmer" ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana . Anthu odwala amatha kudutsa mumasewerowa tsiku lililonse ndi usiku. Kumvetsetsa chidziwitso cha anthu omwe sangathe kuyankha chifukwa cha matenda a ubongo kungakhale kovuta makamaka.
Zotsatira:
Jerome B. Posner ndi Fred Plum. Kuthamanga ndi Kutulukira kwa Posner Kufufuza ndi Kusunga. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Kupyolera M'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002