Ngati ubongo unali bungwe, hypothalamus idzakhala ngati ofesi ya "Utilities". Ngakhale kuti ngongole zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ubongo zomwe zimalumikizana, kulenga, ndi kuchita, hypothalamus ndizofunikira kutentha, kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndi zinthu zina zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa dongosolo lonse kutha.
Ntchito yaikulu ya hypothalamus ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule ndi mawu akuti homeostasis, zomwe zikutanthauza kusunga thupi la thupi nthawi zonse momwe zingathere.
The hypothalamus imatilepheretsa kuti tisakhale otentha, ozizira kwambiri, opitirira muyeso, osokonezeka, osowa kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
Ngakhale kuti hypothalamus ndiyomwe imatipangitsa kuti tikhalebe olimba, nthawi zina dzikoli liyenera kusintha. Pamene mutangokhala pangozi, simungaganize kuti muli ndi njala. Chiwalo cha limbic, chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhudzidwa, chimayankhula mwatsatanetsatane ndi hypothalamus, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro ena. Amygdala imayanjananso ndi hypothalamus kudzera m'madera awiri akuluakulu. Mbali zina za cortex, monga orbitofrontal cortex , insula, malalanje amtundu wamakono amalankhulana ndi hypothalamus.
Zigawo za Hypothalamus
Mofanana ndi ubongo wonse, malo osiyanasiyana a hypothalamus amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Maderawa akhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi kugwirizana kwawo ndi ubongo wonse.
Mwachitsanzo, hypothalamus imagawidwa ndi theka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa fornix, yomwe imachokera kutsogolo kwa hypothalamus kumbuyo. Mbali za hypothalamus pafupi ndi mkati mwa ubongo (mbali yamkati) amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mbali ya amygdala kupyolera mu tsamba lina lotchedwa stria terminalis.
Amygdala amathandiza kuwonetsera mantha, ndipo mbali yeniyeni ya hypothalamus ikuphatikizidwa ndi yankho la "nkhondo-kapena-kuthawa" mwachitsanzo mwa kuchepetsa chilakolako. Palibe nthawi yopumula ndi kukumba ngati mukufuna kuthamangira moyo wanu!
Mbali ya hypothalamus yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi ubongo (mbali yothandizira) ili ndi zotsatira zosiyana ndi njala. Chifukwa chakuti dera ili ndi lofunikira pofuna kulimbikitsa chilakolako, zilonda m'dera lino zingayambitse kulemera kwa thupi. Mbali iyi ndi yofunikanso ndi ludzu, monga zilonda za mbali yowonjezera zingapangitse kuchepa kwa madzi.
Machitidwe a hypothalamus amagawilidwanso kuyambira kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo. Mwachitsanzo, mbali zina za hypothalamus zikuwoneka kuti zikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira thupi ndi kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi ku khungu ndi kuchititsa thukuta kuti lipangidwe. Kumbuyo kwa hypothalamus ndikophatikizapo kusunga thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, hypothalamus ndiyomwe imayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kathu ka kuwuka komanso kugona. Kachira kakang'ono kamene kali kutsogolo kwa hypothalamus chimakhala ngati koloko yathu mkati, kutithandiza kudziwa nthawi imene akugona. Mbali imeneyi ya ubongo imakhala ndi madera osavuta omwe amasintha mawonekedwe athu mkati.
Kodi Hypothalamus "Yankhulani" Bwanji ndi Thupi?
The hypothalamus imayankha mayankho mwa kuyankhulana ndi thupi kudzera njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba ikudutsa mu dongosolo lodzidzimitsa la mantha . Yachiŵiri ndi kudzera mu dongosolo la endocrine, kutanthauza kusungunuka kwa mahomoni m'magazi.
Mitundu yowonongeka imachokerako makamaka pamtundu wa hypothalamus, komanso kuchokera ku chiyambi cha hypothalamic and from the lateral and posterior hypothalamus. Poyamba, izi zowonongeka zimayendetsa njira yoyera yotchedwa medial forebrain bundle. Kenako amapita ku dorsolateral brainstem ndi periaqueductal imvi nkhani.
Nsaluzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaganizo a khunyu m'magulu a m'mphepete mwa mitsempha, komanso pamfundo zapakati pa mzere wa thoracolumbar. Mitundu yambiri yodalirika mu ubongo imalandira zotsatira zochokera ku hypothalamus, monga nucleus solitarius, noradrenergic nuclei, nucleus rapheus, ndi pontomedullary mapangidwe othandizira.
The hypothalamus imagwiranso ntchito pamodzi ndi chithokomiro cha pituitary kuti chiteteze thupi la thupi. Nyerere imatha kutulutsa ma hormoni mwachindunji m'magazi. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chosavuta cha malo omwe mitsempha ya ubongo-m'maganizo imapangidwa pofuna kuti matenda asapitirire kulowa mu ubongo sali pamakono a ubongo. Mahomoni ena, monga oxytocin ndi vasopressin, amapangidwa mwachindunji mu hypothalamus (mwachitsanzo, ndipamwamba kwambiri), ndipo amabisika pafupi ndi kumbuyo kwake kwa pituitary. Mbali yamkati ya pituitary ili ndi maselo omwe amadzipanga okha mahomoni. Mahomoni amenewa amalamulidwa ndi zizindikiro zina zamagetsi zomwe zimadutsa mitsempha ya mitsempha kupita mu mitsempha yambiri, kumene amamasulidwa ndi magazi. Zisokonezo zonsezi zimayendetsedwa ndi malingaliro olakwika, kutanthauza kuti ubongo umatha kuona pamene mahomoni ali pamwamba ndi kuchepetsa kupanga.
Izi zingawoneke movuta kwambiri, ndipo ziri. Koma ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya homeostasis ngakhale pamene mukukumana ndi mavuto ndi bwino kwambiri!
Zotsatira
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kupyolera m'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.