Mbali Yambiri ya Ubongo?
Zovala zam'mbali ndizo zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti zizilamulira zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatipanga kukhala anthu. Ndipotu, dera limeneli ndilokulingalira kwambiri kuposa anthu ena. Zimatengera nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuti ikulire, ndi chitukuko kufikira munthu wamkulu.
Ntchito za lobes loyambirira zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito lingaliro ndikulola lingaliro ili kutsogolera khalidwe lathu la mtsogolo.
Zovala zapadera zimatithandiza kukhala ndi zolinga ndi ntchito zathu, kusankha pakati pa zoyenera kuchita, kusokoneza zomwe sizikuvomerezeka ndi mayankho ndikuzindikira mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu ndi malingaliro.
Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a lobes oyang'ana kutsogolo: chigoba ndi mapiri a paralimic. Kortex imakhala ndi matupi a maselo a mitsempha omwe ali bwino pamtima. Maselowa amalankhulana wina ndi mzake kudzera njira zamtundu wautali wotchedwa axons. Zida zina zimalowa mkati mwa ubongo, kumene zimalankhulana ndi zomangamanga pafupi ndi ubongo.
Zina mwazipangizo zomwe zili pafupi pakati pa ubongo ndi zigawo za paralimic, zomwe zimalingaliridwa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zowawa, ntchito, ndi zoyendetsa. Izi zikusiyana ndi zigawo zamakono zomwe zikuwoneka zovuta, ndipo zomwe zingatilole kuganiza. Palimodzi, kalotex ndi maulendo a paralimic a lobes apamboni amatilola kuchita ntchito zomwe zili pakati pa momwe timadziganizira tokha.
Kuyika Ntchito
Mosiyana ndi zinyama zomwe zimangoyankha mwachidwi ku zomwe ziri patsogolo pawo, anthu ali ndi kuthekera kokonzekera pasadakhale. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso m'malingaliro athu. Apo ayi, tikhoza kuiwala nthawi zonse zomwe timaganiza. Nkhaniyi, ngakhale pododometsedwa, imachitika m'dera la ventrolateral la prefrontal cortex.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kuti apange dongosolo.
Kuyamba ndi Kusamalira Ntchito
Zomwe zili mkati ndi mbali yapansi ya ubongo (zoyimira zamkati) zimalingalira zoyendetsa khalidwe. Ngati malowa awonongeka, munthu akhoza kutaya zonse zomwe angathe kuchita ngakhale ntchito yosavuta . Izi zimatchedwa abulia kapena akinetic mutism nthawi zambiri.
Ntchito Yowunika
The orbitofrontal cortex imapanga ndikulingalira zokhudzana ndi malipiro a zizindikiro, zinthu, ndi zosankha. Mwachitsanzo, dera lino lingatithandize kudziwa ngati chinachake chingatipweteke kapena kutivulaza m'tsogolomu. Kaloti yamakono yovomerezeka yamagetsi imayesedwa kuti ayankhidwe ku mphotho ndi phokoso lovomerezeka la chikhotecho kuti likhale chilango. Dera lomwe liri pafupi kumbuyo kwa ubongo (poseri) ndi losavuta kwambiri - ili ndi gawo lomwe lingadziwe pomwepo phindu la magawo a keke ya chokoleti monga chokoma ndi chofunika. Mbali za orbitofrontal cortex zomwe zili pafupi ndi ubongo (anterior) zimagwira ntchito zowonjezera komanso zopindulitsa, monga ndalama zomwe zingathe kugula chokoleti.
Kuyembekezera ndi Kuwunika Stimuli
Kachilendo kameneka kamathandiza kuti tizindikire zizindikiro zomwe zimabwera kuchokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi komanso maganizo athu ndi thupi lathu.
Chilichonse chosadziŵika chingayambitse kusinthidwa kwina asanayankhe. Mwachitsanzo, mu test test yotchuka ya Stroop, mndandanda wa mawu owala kwambiri amasonyeza. Chinyengo ndi chakuti mawu oti "ofiira" akhoza kusindikizidwa mu mtundu wobiriwira. Wina amene ayesa mayeso a Stroop amauzidwa kuti asanyalanyaze mawu olembedwawo ndi kungonena mtundu. Kusankha mosamala ndi kuganizira mbali imodzi yokha ya dziko lapansi kumafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira.
Kusintha Maganizo
The orbitofrontal cortex imasonyeza ntchito yowonjezereka pamene wina akuwongolera maganizo awo. Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika mu amygdala.
Kuwonongeka kwa orbitofrontal cortex kumapangitsa kuti munthu asatetezedwe ndi khalidwe lopanda nzeru, monga momwe taonera m'nkhani yotchuka ya Phineas Gage.
Kuyankha Kusintha mu Salience
Uthali ndiyeso yowunikira komanso yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi inayake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi njala, keke ya chokoleti silingatheke. Atatha kudya hafu ya mkate, kusintha kwa keke kameneka kumafuna. Kuti mudziwe tanthauzo la chidziwitso, ubongo uyenera kusonkhanitsa mofulumira zizindikiro zowona, zozizwitsa, ndi zodziimira. Mtanda wogonjera umaphatikizapo insula ndi mbali ya khola loyambirira lomwe limatithandiza kupereka tanthauzo la zinthu.
Kusamala
Anthu ali ndi mphamvu yosankha zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira. Izi zinati, malingana ndi zochitika, chidwi chathu chimatha kusintha pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'deralo.
Kutsegula kwachinsinsi kumaphatikizapo mbali zina zapansi ndi zocheperapo zagreyrus ndi kaporoporeetal cortex. Izi zimatithandiza kuyendetsa chinthu mofulumira, ngakhale zitasokoneza cholinga, ndipo zimatipangitsa kusankha ngati tipitirize kuika maganizo pazatsopano kapena kubwerera ku ntchito yomwe ilipo.
Ulamuliro Wadongosolo
Maluso a lobes apambali amatha kuwoneka ngati othandiza kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo omwe amawatcha "kulamulira akuluakulu." Izi zimasonyeza kuti tili ndi mphamvu zothetsera mayankho athu ku malo athu, osati kungochita chilichonse chomwe chili patsogolo pathu.
Ulamuliro woyang'anira umatilola kusungunula zosokoneza. Zimatithandizanso kuti tisunge zomwe tikuganiza, ndikusintha maganizo athu m'njira kuti tisasokonezedwe ndi malingaliro athu. Kulamulidwa ndi akuluakulu pamagulu kumatithandiza kuti tiwone momwe timaonekera kwa ena ndikudzilimbikitsanso tikapanda kukakamizidwa. Pomalizira, akuluakulu oyendetsa magalimoto amalola kuti tisunthire maso athu kapena kuti tipeze chinachake.
Zotsatira
Giedd, Jay N .; Blumenthal, J; Jeffries, NO; Castellanos, FX; Liu, H; Zijdenbos, A; Paus, T; Evans, AC et al. (October 1999). "Kukula kwa ubongo kuyambira ali mwana ndi unyamata: kuwerenga kwa MRI kotalika". Nature Neuroscience 2 (10): 861-863.
RG Gross, M. Grossman; Otsogolera Otsogolera, Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwambiri Kuphunzira Neurol 2010; 16 (4) p. 140-152.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Kusamalidwa kwa anthu. Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwambiri kwa Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85.