Maganizo ndi zina
Mu 1878 Paul Broca, katswiri wa zamagulu a ku France wotchuka ndi wotchedwa Broca's aphasia, anapanga mawu akuti "le grand lobe lymbique." Mawu oti "nthambi" amatanthauza malire kapena nthiti. Dr. Broca anali kunena za zozungulira zomwe zili mkatikati mwa ubongo, pamtunda wa ubongo.
Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "limbic system" lasintha kuchokera nthawi ya Broca.
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti zikhalepo pakati pa cortex ndi hypothalamus ndi ubongo, koma akatswiri osiyana aphatikizapo zosiyana monga gawo la limbic system. Amygdala ndi hippocampus ndizophatikizidwa, monga ndi cortex yolondola. Kuchokera kumeneko, maganizo amasiyana kusiyana ndi zomwe zimaoneka ngati mbali ya limbic system, ndipo ndi paralimic, kutanthawuza kamangidwe kamene kamagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi limbic system koma si gawo lake.
Thupi la limbic limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo komanso zamaganizo. Hippocampi, yomwe imakhala mkatikati mwa lobes yachimake, ndi yofunika kuti chikumbukire. Amygdalae amakhala pamwamba pa mbali yoyamba ya hippocampus iliyonse. Amygdala iliyonse imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yofunikira pakukonzekera maganizo. Amygdala amalankhula momveka bwino ndi hippocampus, zomwe zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake timakumbukira zinthu zomwe zili zofunikira kwambiri.
Amygdala imayankhulanso kwambiri ndi hypothalamus, malo a ubongo omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kutentha, chilakolako, ndi njira zina zofunika zofunika pamoyo. The hypothalamus palokha nthawi zina, koma osati nthawi zonse, kuphatikizidwa ngati gawo la limbic dongosolo. Kupyolera mu hypothalamus, komanso zigawo zina zofunikira mu ubongo, chiwalo cha limbic chimayankhula ndi dongosolo lathu lokhazikika laumanjenje (lomwe limalamulira zinthu monga kupweteka kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi), dongosolo la endocrine, ndi viscera (kapena "matumbo").
Maselo a m'mitsempha mu ubongo amawongolera mafashoni osiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo. Khungu la ubongo ndilosaocortical, kutanthauza kuti maselo amakhala mu zigawo 6. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a limbic, kumene maselo amawongolera m'magawo ochepa (mwachitsanzo paleocorticoid), kapena mowonjezereka (corticoid). Gulu lochepa kwambiri la limbic system, komanso dongosolo la limbic lomwe limayendetsa njira zofunika pamoyo, lachititsa madokotala kukhulupirira kuti chiwalochi chimakhala chachikulire kuposa chiwerengero cha ubongo.
Maofesi a paralimic amapanga mauthenga ovuta kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a limbic. Zitsanzo za mapulani a paralimic ndi monga gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, pole temporal, ndi mbali ya insula. Mitsempha yowonjezereka, nucleus accumbens, matupi am'mimba ndi mbali zina za thalamus (zamoyo zamkati ndi zogwirizana) zimagwiritsidwanso kuti zimakhala zolimba chifukwa chogwirizana kwambiri ndi limbic system.
Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maganizo kapena zidziwitso zamaganizo. Zakale zamkati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala zomangirira ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Chilumbachi chimagwirizana ndi kuthekera kwathu kuti tizindikire kumverera kwathu mkati (kapena "kutonthoza maganizo").
The orbitofrontal cortex , nucleus accumbens, ndi basal forebrain zimakhudzidwa ndi zokondweretsa kapena mphoto. Matupi a matupi ndi ma thalamic nuclei ndi ofunikira kupanga zikumbukiro zatsopano.
Njira zonsezi zimagwirizana kwambiri. Amygdala, mwachitsanzo, amalankhulana ndi njira ya orbitofrontal kudzera mu chovala choyera chomwe chimatchedwa uncinate fasciculus, mofanana ndi insula. Amygdala amalankhulana ndi mbali za hypothalamus ndi kugwiritsira ntchito stria terminalis, komanso ku ubongo ndi zochitika zina kudzera mu njira ya amygdalofugal.
Hippocampus amatha kulankhula kudzera njira yayikulu yoyera yotchedwa fornix, yomwe imayendetsa mitsempha ya ubongo kupita ku matupi am'mimba, kutumiza nthambi ku matupi a matupi, thalamus, ndi kugwedeza njira.
Thupi la limbic ndi gulu lopanda ntchito, ndipo limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito zimenezo ndizofunikira kwa momwe timaganizira, kumverera, ndikuyankha kudziko lozungulira.
Zotsatira:
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kupyolera m'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.