Kusokonezeka kwa Kusuta (Dysosmia) ndi Chimene Chimawatsutsa
Kodi ndizovuta zotani? Kodi zimayambitsa matenda otani a dysosmia (kupotoka mukumva kununkhira) ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zimachitika? Nchifukwa chiyani izi ziri zofunika kwambiri?
Kodi Kudandaula Ndi Chiyani? - Kufunika kwa Maganizo Athu a Kusuta
Zingakhale zovuta kulingalira moyo wamoyo popanda kumva fungo la duwa, kapena kukoma kwa khofi yammawa. Kukhutira, malingaliro athu a kununkhiza, kumachita gawo lalikulu pa pafupifupi aliyense wa moyo.
Kukhumudwa kumatithandiza kuti tizindikire zonunkhira pamlengalenga, koma ndikofunika kutithandiza kusangalala ndi zakudya zokoma. Mwinamwake mwamva kuti "kulawa" kumapsa, ndipo izi ndi zoona ndithu. Kuwonongeka koonongeka kumasokoneza kwambiri: chisangalalo cha kudya ndi kumwa chingatayike, ndipo kuvutika maganizo kungawonongeke. Kuwonjezera apo, pali ngozi zomwe zimawonongeke ndi kutayidwa kwa fungo, kuphatikizapo kulephera kuyang'ana gasi lothawa kapena chakudya chowononga.
Anthu oposa 2.7 miliyoni ku United States ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo izi sizingakhale zosayenera. Anthu ena amanena kuti pafupifupi theka la anthu oposa zaka 60 ali ndi fungo lochepa.
Anatomy ndi Physiology of Olfaction (Maganizo a Kusuta)
Mbali yapakati ndi yapakati ya mphuno, pali malo ang'onoang'ono a selo omwe amatchedwa mucosa olondola. Malowa amathandiza zinthu zambiri zotetezera, monga immunoglobulins (ma antibodies omwe amamanga zinthu zakunja monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisalowe m'mutu.
Palinso mapuloteni ambiri, otchedwa receptors, omwe amatenga mankhwala m'deralo, kapena zonunkhira . Chikumbutso chirichonse chimaganizidwa kuti chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe akugwirizana ndi zonunkhira izi monga fungulo zimagwirizana ndi loko.
Zipangizo zamakonozi zimakhala m'maselo pafupifupi 6 mpaka 10 miliyoni omwe ali ndi maselo a chimoreceptor omwe ali pamtunda uliwonse.
Zolandila zatsopano zimapangidwira munthu wamkulu-chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zochepa chabe za momwe ubongo ungapangire maselo atsopano m'maganizo. Ngati pali malo oyenerera pakati pa chilengedwe ndi malo opangidwa ndi maselo osakaniza, mitsempha ya mitsempha imawombera mwachindunji ubongo pa babu .
Ngakhale kuti babuyi amawoneka ngati " mitsempha yoyamba," sikuti ndi mitsempha, koma ndi ubongo wokha. Zizindikiro zoperekedwa kuchokera ku babu yoyenda kupita kuzipadera za cerebral cortex komanso amygdala, yomwe ndi mbali ya ubongo yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kutengeka. Kuchokera ku chimbudzi choyambirira, zizindikiro zimatumizidwa ku mbali zina za ubongo, kuphatikizapo thalamus ndi hypothalamus.
Kusokonezeka kwakumva
Pali mawu angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavuto a fungo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Dysomia - Kupotoka kumbali ya fungo. Dysosmia imasweka kukhala mitundu iwiri yosiyana siyana ya fungo la fungo. Parosmia amatanthauza kusintha kwa lingaliro la fungo. Phantosmia, mosiyana, imatanthauzira kumveka kwa fungo lomwe siliripo. Ndi parosmia, ndi fungo limamva fungo losiyana ndi lomwe linakuchitirani inu m'mbuyomo, kapena tsopano mungapezeko kununkhira kosangalatsa komwe mudakondwera nako. Ndi phantosmia, mungathe kumva fungo lamoto ngati palibe moto wamoto.
- Hyposmia - Wachepa mphamvu kuti amve fungo
- Anosmia - Sangathe kununkhiza
Zifukwa za Dysomia (Kupotoka Kwambiri Chifukwa Chakumva)
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zingayambitse dysosmia.
Zowopsa kwambiri ndi matenda a nasal ndi a sinus : potseka mitsempha ndi kutentha minofu yomwe imalandira mamolekyumu, matenda a tizilombo ndi chifuwa zimakhudza momwe timamva fungo lomwe pafupifupi aliyense adakumanapo nthawi zina. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi mphuno, monga nsonga zamphongo , kupotoka kwa seveni , komanso opaleshoni ndi kuvulaza mphuno (monga rhinoplasty) zingasokoneze malingaliro a fungo.
Zina mwazifukwa zingakhale monga:
- Kupsinjika kwa Mutu - Kuvulala kwa ubongo kumapweteka m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mphuno ikhoza kuwonongeka, kapena utsi wa mitsempha womwe umatumiza uthenga kuchokera pamphuno kupita ku ubongo ukhoza kudula kapena kuvulazidwa panthawi yovulazidwa mutu. Matendawa angasokoneze mwachindunji babu opangidwira omwe amapeza mamolekyu amene timamva.
- Ziphuphu za ubongo - Ziphuphu zoopsa komanso zosautsa za ubongo , makamaka zomwe zimaphatikizapo babu kapena zosalala, zingagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa fungo. Nthawi zina, kutayika kwa kumveka kwa fungo kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba cha chotupa chakupha kapena ubongo.
- Zoizoni m'deralo - Fodya ndi utsi zimachepetsa kumveka kwa fungo. Zoizoni monga ammonia, sulfuric acid, ndi formaldehyde zingachepetsenso kukhumudwa.
- Mankhwala - Mankhwala ena, makamaka magulu angapo a mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuthamangitsidwe kungasokoneze malingaliro a fungo. Zitsanzo ndi Procardia (nifedipine), Vasotec (enalapril), ndi Norvasc (amlodipine).
- Mitu ndi mutu wa khansa
Matenda a m'maganizo - Anthu oposa 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndi ovuta kumva, ndipo matendawa amakhalanso osowa m'thupi la Parkinson .
Matenda a shuga - Mofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe ingayambitse matenda a ubongo ndi matenda a shuga ku matenda a shuga, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yokhutira iyeneranso kuchitika.
Kulephera kwa vitamini - Kusasowa kwa zinki kapena kusowa kwa thiamine kumatsogolera ku matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff kumaphatikizapo kutayika kwa kumveka kwa fungo.
Maganizo amununkhira amatha kuchepetsedwa kupyolera mu ukalamba wachilengedwe , ndi matenda otupa ngati matenda a maganizo . Ngakhale kuti babu akuluakulu ali ndi pafupifupi 60,000 mitral neurons, chiwerengero cha mitral neurons ndi kukula kwa nuclei zimachepa kwambiri ndi msinkhu.
Pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu asanu alionse omwe ali ndi vuto linalake, vutoli ndi "idiopathic," kutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chenicheni chopezeka.
Kuzindikira Matenda Ovuta
Kuzindikira kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kumayambira ndi mbiri yabwino komanso kuunika kwa thupi. Kuyezetsa thupi kungayang'ane umboni wa matenda a tizilombo kapena mazenera. Mbiri yosamala ingasonyeze kuti zingakhale zoopsa zowopsa.
Mayeso otchedwa University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Mayesedwe angayesedwe ngati a hyperosmia kapena anosmia alipodi. Popeza pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la ubongo kupita ku zowonjezera zakudya, ndi zina, kuyesa kwakukulu kumadalira zinthu zambiri.
Kuchiza ndi Kulimbana ndi Kutayika kwa Kuganiza kwa Kusuta
Palibe mankhwala ena omwe angasinthire kusintha mwakumveka kwa fungo. Nthawi zina, matenda amadzimadzi amatha okhaokha. Ochita kafukufuku awonetsa kuti ntchito ya vitamin A ndi zinc zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe izi sizikuwoneka ngati zothandiza. Maphunziro apamwamba akuyang'aniridwa tsopano ndipo akuwoneka kuti akulonjeza mu maphunziro oyambirira.
Choncho, kulimbana ndi cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo. Kwa iwo omwe sadziwa kununkhiza, njira zotetezera monga kuonetsetsa kuti muli ndilamu ya moto ndi zofunika. Uphungu wa zakudya ukhoza kukhala wowothandiza chifukwa zakudya ndi zonunkhira zina zomwe zingathe kulimbikitsa mapuloteni (trigeminal ndi mankhwala osamalidwa bwino.)
Pansi pa Kusokonezeka ndi Kusokonezeka Kumene Kumakhudza Maganizo Athu a Fungo
Kufunika kwa kumveka kwa fungo ndi kulawa kumayamikiridwa ndi anthu tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale kuti mitsempha yowonjezera imatchedwa mitsempha yambiri, imasonyeza kufunika kokhumudwitsidwa, pamapeto pake mphamvu ya kununkhira siyimayesedwa (ngakhale ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo) Ngakhale zili zoona kuti dongosolo la anthu ndi lochepa poyerekezera ndi zinyama zina, fungo zonse zimatithandiza kusangalala ndi moyo, ndipo zimatiteteza ku poizoni m'deralo.
Zotsatira
- Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: Maphunziro a Mc Graw-Hill, 2015. Print.
- Pekala, K., Chandra, R., ndi J. Turner. Kuchita Maphunziro Othandiza Odwala Odwala Osawonongeka Kwambiri: Kukonzekera Mwadongosolo ndi Kusanthula Meta. Msonkhano Wadziko Lonse wa Zachilengedwe ndi Rhinology . 2016. 6 (3): 299-307.
- Wongrakpanich, S., Petchlorlian, A., ndi A. Rosenzweig. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisagwire ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kulingalira: Nkhani Yoyambiranso. Kukalamba ndi Matenda . 2016. 7 (6): 763-769.