Pulogalamu Yopanda Mitsempha Yophiphiritsa

Matenda a ubongo ndi matenda omwe amachititsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha yowopsa, yomwe imakhala ndi mauthenga ambiri omwe amatha kufotokoza zomwe zimachokera ku ubongo ndi msana (mwachitsanzo, pakatikati pa mitsempha) kumbali iliyonse ya thupi. Mitsempha ya mitsempha imatumizanso zowonongeka kumbuyo kwa ubongo ndi msana, monga uthenga umene mapazi amazizira kapena chala umawotchedwa.

Mwachidule

Kuwonongeka kwa pulogalamu ya mitsempha yazing'onoting'ono kumalepheretsa izi kugwirizana ndi mauthenga. Mofanana ndi kuyima pa telefoni, pulogalamu ya mitsempha imakhala yovuta ndipo nthawi zina imasokoneza mauthenga pakati pa ubongo ndi thupi lonse. Chifukwa mitsempha yonse ya mlengalenga ili ndi ntchito yapadera kwambiri mu gawo lapadera la thupi, zizindikiro zambiri zingathe kuchitika pamene mitsempha yowonongeka.

Anthu ena akhoza kukumana:

Ena akhoza kuvutika ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, kuphatikizapo:

Kwa anthu ena, matenda a ubongo amatha kusintha:

Pazovuta kwambiri, kupuma kungakhale kovuta kapena chiwalo chosagonjetsa chitha kuchitika.

Mafomu

Mitundu ina ya matenda opatsirana m'mimba imakhudza kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha imodzi yokha ndipo imatchedwa mononeuropathies. Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha yambiri yomwe imakhudza miyendo yonse imakhudzidwa, yotchedwa polyneuropathy. Nthaŵi zina, mitsempha iwiri kapena kuposerapo pamadera osiyanasiyana a thupi imakhudzidwa, yotchedwa mononeuritis multiplex.

M'maganizo oopsa a ubongo , monga Guillain-Barré syndrome (amadziwikanso kuti amachititsa kuti munthu asatulukidwe ndi matenda a ubongo), zizindikiro zimapezeka mwadzidzidzi, zimapita mofulumira, ndipo zimathetsa pang'onopang'ono ngati mitsempha yowonongeka imachiza.

Mu matenda aakulu a ubongo , zizindikiro zimayambira mofulumira ndikuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yotsitsimula pambuyo pobwezeredwa. Ena amatha kufika pa siteji ya malo omwe zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana kwa miyezi kapena zaka zambiri. Matenda ena odwala matenda opatsirana kwambiri amayamba kuwonjezereka kwambiri pakapita nthawi, koma mitundu yochepa chabe imakhala yofa pokhapokha ngati matenda ena ndi ovuta. Nthaŵi zina matendawa ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena.

Pa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya polyneuropathy, mitsempha ya mitsempha (maselo amodzi omwe amachititsa mitsempha) kutali kwambiri ndi ubongo ndi kupweteka kwa msana. Ululu ndi zizindikiro zina zimawoneka bwino, mwachitsanzo, m'mapazi onse awiri ndikutsatiridwa pang'ono ndi miyendo yonseyo. Kenaka, zala, manja, ndi manja zimakhudzidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zimatha kupita m'kati mwa thupi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi vutoli.

Kodi Mphuno Yopangapanga Imakhala Bwanji?

Mitundu yoposa 100 ya mliri wa m'mimba yodziwika, aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro zozizwitsa, chitsanzo cha chitukuko, ndi chithunzithunzi. Kulephera kugwira ntchito ndi zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa mitsempha-yothamanga, yotengeka, kapena yowonongeka-yomwe yawonongeka:

Ngakhale kuti matenda ena amatha kukhudza mitundu itatu yonse ya mitsempha, ena amakhudza mitundu imodzi kapena iwiri. Choncho, pofotokozera chikhalidwe cha wodwala, madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mawu monga:

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za mliri wa m'mimba zimagwirizana ndi mtundu wa mitsempha yomwe imakhudzidwa ndipo ikhoza kuwonedwa kwa masiku, masabata, kapena zaka.

Kufooka kwa thupi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto. Zizindikiro zina zingakhalepo:

Kusinthika kwakukulu kwachidziwitso kumakhalanso chifukwa cha kutengeka kapena kutayika kwa mitsempha yotayika. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha imayambitsa zizindikiro zambiri zovuta chifukwa mitsempha yokhudzidwa imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zofunikira kwambiri.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu Kwambiri

Matenda akuluakulu otsekedwa mu myelin (mapuloteni a mafuta omwe amavala ndi kutsegula mitsempha yambiri) kulembetsa kuthamanga, kukhudzidwa kowala, ndi mphamvu. Kuonongeka kwa makina akuluakulu amtunduwu kumachepetsetsa kumamva kuthamanga ndi kugwira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti munthu asatope, makamaka m'manja ndi m'mapazi.

Anthu amamva ngati akuvala magolovesi ndi masitokoto ngakhale atakhalabe. Odwala ambiri sangathe kuzindikira mwa kuthandizira okha mawonekedwe a zinthu zing'onozing'ono kapena kusiyanitsa pakati pa maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yowonongeka kungapangitse kutayika kwa malingaliro (monga momwe zingathe kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha). Kuperewera kwa mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino kayendetsedwe ka zovuta monga kuyenda kapena kuika mabatani kapena kukhalabe olimba pamene maso awo atsekedwa.

Kupweteka kwa mtima kumakhala kovuta kulamulira ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wabwino komanso moyo wabwino. Kupweteka kwa mtima kumakhala koipa kwambiri usiku, kumasokoneza kwambiri tulo ndikuwonjezera kukhumudwa kwa mthupi.

Fibers Zochepa Kwambiri

Zingwe zochepa zochepa zopanda zitsulo za myelin zimapangitsa kupweteka komanso kutentha. Kuwonongeka kwa minofu imeneyi kungathe kusokoneza kuthekera kwakumva kupweteka kapena kusintha kwa kutentha.

Anthu amalephera kuzindikira kuti avulazidwa kuchokera kudula kapena kuti chilonda chikudwala. Ena sangazindikire ululu womwe umachenjeza za vuto la mtima lomwe likuyandikira kapena zovuta zina. (Kupweteka kwa ululu ndi vuto lalikulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu chichoke pakati pa anthuwa.)

Matenda opweteka pakhungu angathenso kuwonjezereka, kotero kuti anthu amve kupweteka kwambiri (kuvomereza) kuchokera ku zokopa zomwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimapweteka (mwachitsanzo, ena amamva kupweteka kuchokera pamabedi omwe amawoneka mopepuka thupi).

Kugonjetsa Mitsempha

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha zowonongeka zimasiyana ndipo zimadalira ziwalo kapena ma glands omwe amakhudzidwa. Kusowa kwa thupi kumayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso kungapangitse chithandizo chamankhwala panthawi yomwe kupuma kumakhala kovuta kapena pamene mtima umayamba kugunda mobwerezabwereza. Zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa mitsempha yowonjezera zingaphatikizepo izi:

Kutaya mphamvu pazipsyinjo za magazi kungayambitse chizungulire, kumutu, kapena kutaya mtima pamene munthu ayenda mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kumakhala pamalo omwe amadziwika (postural orthostatic hypotension).

Zizindikiro za m'mimba nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo matenda a ubongo. Mitsempha yothandizira m'mimba minofu nthawi zambiri imakhala yolephera, yomwe imayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kapena kusadziletsa. Anthu ambiri amavutika kudya kapena kumeza ngati zipolowe zina zimakhudzidwa.

Zimayambitsa

Matenda a m'mimba amatha kupeza kapena kulandira. Zomwe zimapezekanso zokhudzana ndi ubongo ndi:

Zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi mwazi zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha matenda opatsirana a mphuno ndi a trigeminal neuralgia (otchedwa tic douloureux), omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha yotchedwa trigeminal nerve iwonongeke (mitsempha yaikulu ya mutu ndi nkhope) imayambitsa kupweteka koopsa kwa ululu wowawa ngati mphezi kumbali imodzi ya nkhope.

Nthawi zina, vutoli ndi matenda a chiwindi, mapiritsi a mitsempha kuchokera ku chifuwa kapena chotupa cha magazi, kapena, nthawi zambiri, multiple sclerosis .

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chifukwa china sichidziwika. Kawirikawiri madokotala amatchula za matenda opatsirana pogonana popanda chifukwa chodziŵika monga adiopathias a neuropathies.

Kuvulaza thupi: Kuvulaza thupi (vuto lachisokonezo) ndilo vuto lalikulu lovulazidwa ndi mitsempha. Kuvulala kapena kupsinjika kwadzidzidzi, kuchokera:

Kuvulala koopsa kungachititse mitsempha kukhala yochepa kapena yolekanitsidwa kwathunthu, yoponderezedwa, yokakamizidwa, kapena yotambasulidwa, nthawi zina molimbika kotero kuti yaying'ono kapena yotetezedwa kwathunthu ku msana wa msana. Zovuta zochepa chabe zingayambitse mitsempha yoopsa. Kugwidwa kapena kugwidwa mafupa kungapweteke mitsempha yoyandikana nayo, ndipo kudumphira madekisi pakati pa vertebrae kumatha kupanikizika ndi mitsempha yomwe imatuluka mumtsinje wa msana.

Matenda owopsa: Matenda owopsa , kuphatikizapo matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza thupi lonse nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi matenda a m'magazi. Matendawa angaphatikizepo mavuto owonetsa zamatsenga komanso endocrine. Matenda a mitsempha ali ovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mphamvu yokonzetsa zakudya m'thupi, kuyambitsa zonyansa, kapena kupanga zinthu zomwe zimapanga minofu.

Matenda a shuga: Matenda a shuga , omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga a m'magazi ambiri, ndi amene amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala matenda a m'mimba ku United States Pafupifupi 60 peresenti mpaka 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi njira zochepa zowopsya za dongosolo la mantha.

Matenda a impso ndi chiwindi: Matenda a impso angayambitse zinthu zambiri zoopsa m'magazi omwe angawononge mitsempha yambiri. Odwala ambiri omwe amafunikira dialyse chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa impso kumayambitsa polyneuropathy. Matenda ena a chiwindi amachititsanso matenda a ubongo chifukwa cha kusafanana kwa mankhwala.

Mahomoni: Kusayenerera kwa timadzi timene timatha kusokoneza kayendedwe kamene kamayambitsa matenda komanso kumayambitsa matenda a m'mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, kupangika kwa mavitamini a chithokomiro kumachepetsa kuchepetsa thupi, kumayambitsa kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi zotupa zomwe zingayambitse mitsempha ya pakhosi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa hormone kungachititse kuti acromgalyde, chikhalidwe chimene chimadziwika ndi kutambasula kosasintha kwa mbali zambiri za mafupa, kuphatikizapo ziwalo. Mitsempha yomwe imadutsa m'magulu amenewa amagwira ntchito.

Kulephera kwa Vitamini ndi Kumwa Mowa: Kulephera kwa Vitamini ndi kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Mavitamini E, B1, B6, B12, ndi niacin ndi ofunika kuti thupi likhale labwino. Kulephera kwa thiamine, makamaka, kumafala pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerewere chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zakudya zosayenera. Kulephera kwa thiamine kungayambitse matenda opweteka kwambiri m'mitsempha.

Ochita kafukufuku ena amakhulupirira kuti kumwa kwambiri mowa mwauchidakwa, kungathandize kuti munthu asokonezeke kwambiri ndi matendawa, chifukwa cha vutoli.

Kuwonongeka Kwambiri ndi Matenda a Mwazi: Kuwonongeka kwa mavalasi ndi matenda a magazi kungachepetse mpweya wokhala ndi mitsempha ya mthupi ndipo mwamsanga kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kufa kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, monga mwadzidzidzi kusowa mpweya ku ubongo kungayambitse matenda. Matenda a shuga kawirikawiri amatsogolera ku magazi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavitamini (kutentha kwa magazi) nthawi zambiri imayambitsa makoma kuti ikhale yolimba, yoweta, ndipo imakhala ndi minofu yowopsya , imachepetsa kukula kwake kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha imeneyi (yotchedwa mononeuropathy multiplex kapena multifocal mononeuropathy) ndi pamene mitsempha yodzipatula m'madera osiyanasiyana yowonongeka.

Matenda osakanikirana ndi Matenda Osakanikirana: Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ndi kutupa kosatha amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji. Pamene magawo angapo a mitsempha yoteteza mitsempha imakhala yotentha, kutukuka kumatha kufalikira m'magazi.

Kutentha kwakukulu kumayambanso kuwonongeko kofulumira kwa minofu yodziŵika, kupanga mapepala a mitsempha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuvulala ndi kudwala. Amagulu amatha kutenthedwa ndi kutupa ndi kutsekera m'mitsempha, kupweteka.

Khansa ndi Tumimba: Khansa ndi zotupa zowononga zimatha kulowa mkati kapena kuyambitsa mavuto opweteka m'mitsempha ya mitsempha. Mimba imatha kuchoka mwachindunji kuchokera ku maselo a mitsempha. Kufala kwa polyneuropathy kawirikawiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a neurofibromatoses, matenda opatsirana omwe amatupa am'thupi amodzi amayamba kukula minofu. Matenda a nthendu, omwe amatha kupweteka kwambiri, omwe amatha kupweteka kwambiri, amatha kupweteka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amachititsa kuti mitsempha yambiri iwonongeke, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka komanso kupweteka kwambiri.

Mapangidwe a Neuroma angakhale chinthu chimodzi cha mkhalidwe wa ululu wokhudzana ndi ubongo wautali wotchedwa complex syndrome m'dera lanu kapena matenda omvetsa chisoni a dystrophy, omwe angayambidwe ndi kuvulazidwa kopweteka kapena kupweteka kwa opaleshoni.

Matenda a Paraneoplastic syndromes, gulu la matenda osasinthasintha omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chitetezo cha munthu chitetezo cha khansa, amatha kupweteka mitsempha yambiri.

Kupanikizika Kubwerezabwereza: Kupanikizika mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa matenda opatsirana m'mimba, gulu lapadera lopweteka kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kungabwere chifukwa cha ntchito zobwereza, zowonongeka, zovuta zomwe zimafuna kusintha kwa gulu lirilonse kwa nthawi yaitali. Chotsatiracho chikhoza kuchititsa mitsempha, matumbo, ndi minofu kuti ziwotche ndi kutupa, kumangopititsa njira yopapatiza yomwe mitsempha ina imadutsa. Kuvulala kumeneku kumakhala kobwerezabwereza pa nthawi ya mimba, mwinamwake chifukwa kulemera kwa phindu ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi kumakhalanso kovuta pamsewu.

Zoizoni: Poizoni angayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya pakhosi. Anthu omwe ali ndi zida zamphamvu (arsenic, lead, mercury, thallium), mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena poizoni za chilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ubongo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, anticonvulsants, antiretroal, ndi antibiotic ali ndi zotsatira zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda a ubongo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, motero zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Matenda ndi Matenda Odzidzimutsa: Matenda ndi matenda osokoneza bongo angayambitse matenda a m'mimba. Mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi:

Mavairasiwa amachititsa kuti mitsempha yambiri iwonongeke, ndipo imayambitsa ululu wowawa ngati mphezi. Pambuyo pake, neuralgia imapezeka kawirikawiri pambuyo povutitsidwa ndipo zingakhale zopweteka kwambiri.

Vuto lomwe limayambitsa matenda a Edzi, lomwe limayambitsa matenda a Edzi, limayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe ka mantha. Vutoli lingayambitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a mphuno, iliyonse imagwirizanitsa ndi sitepe yeniyeni ya matenda opatsirana thupi. Kuchulukira kwapang'onopang'ono, kowawa kwambiri kwapakati pazinthu ndi manja nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kachilombo ka HIV.

Matenda a bakiteriya monga matenda a Lyme, diphtheria, ndi khate amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angayambitsenso mitsempha yowonongeka yomwe imatchulidwa ngati matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopanda mphamvu. Zowonongekazi zimayambitsa chiwonongeko cha mitsempha ya myelin kapena axon.

Matenda ena amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa chifukwa cha machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi osati kuwonongeka mwachindunji ndi zamoyo zopatsirana.

Matenda a kutupa thupi angapangitse msanga kapena pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe osatha angasonyeze chitsanzo chosintha machiritso ndi kubwerera.

Nthenda Zopanda Mimba: Zachibadwa zokhudzana ndi mitsempha ya m'mimba zimayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zobadwa mwa chibadwa kapena zatsopano za kusintha kwa majini.

Nthendayi zambiri zomwe zimatengedwa ndi nthenda za ubongo ndizozigawo zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa matenda a Charcot-Marie-Tooth (chifukwa cha zolakwitsa za majini zomwe zimayambitsa neurons kapena shemale ya myelin). Zizindikiro zikuphatikizapo:

Chithandizo

Palibe mankhwala ochiritsira omwe angachiritse matenda okhudza ubongo. Komabe, pali chithandizo cha mitundu yambiri. Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zothandizidwa ndi matenda a ubongo.

Kawirikawiri, chithandizo cha matenda okhudza ubongo ndikumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi zabwino kuti achepetse zotsatira ndi zakuthupi monga:

Mankhwala ena opatsirana ndi ubongo ndi awa:

Matenda Oopsa

Matenda owopsa nthawi zambiri amafuna mankhwala ovuta kwambiri. Kuletsa kwambiri magazi m'magulu a shuga kwawonetseredwa kuti kuchepetsa matenda a ubongo ndi kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kuti asamawonongeke.

Zinthu zotupa komanso zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kulamulidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga:

Plasmapheresis: Plasmapheresis-njira yomwe magazi amachotsedwa, kuyeretsedwa kwa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi ndi ma antibodies, ndiyeno kubwerera ku thupi-kumatha kuchepetsa kutupa kapena kupondereza ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwala apamwamba a immunoglobulins, mapuloteni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma antibodies, amathandizanso kuchepetsa maselo osadziwika a chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Kupweteka kwapweteka : Kupweteka kwa mtima kumakhala kovuta kulamulira. Nthawi zina ululu wochepa ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi analgesics wogulitsidwa pa-counter. Maphunziro angapo a mankhwala akhala akuthandiza odwala ambiri omwe akudwala mitundu yambiri ya ululu wosagwira mtima. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

Majekeseni a anesthetics akumeneko, monga lidocaine kapena mapepala apamwamba omwe ali ndi lidocaine, amatha kupweteka kwambiri.

Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, madokotala amatha kuwononga mitsempha; Komabe, zotsatira zake zimakhala zachidule ndipo njirayi ingayambitse mavuto.

Zida Zothandizira : Zida zothandizira ndi zipangizo zina zothandizira zingathandize kuchepetsa ululu ndi kuchepetsa kufooka kwa thupi.

Kuchita opaleshoni: Njira yothandizira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri ikhoza kupereka chithandizo mwamsanga kuchokera ku mononeuropathies chifukwa cha kupsyinjika kapena kuvulala.

> Chitsime:

> NIH Publication No. 04-4853

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